Deck 3: Ethics and Social Responsibility

Question 1

Which ethical theory does not believe in absolute rules and states that during an ethical dilemma,a person makes the most appropriate decision by considering all the alternatives and choosing the lesser among evils as the resolution?

A) Casuist ethical theory
B) Act utilitarianism
C) Rule utilitarianism
D) Moral relativism

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of rule utilitarianism?

A) Ethical truths depend on the individuals and groups holding them.
B) Decisions must benefit the maximum number of people through the fairest and most universally just means available.
C) A current ethical dilemma should be compared with similar examples and outcomes before deciding on a course of action.
D) Intuition and personal feelings should guide decision making when faced with ethical dilemmas.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Maria is a very soft spoken girl and she hardly hurts anybody.She does not raise her voice when she speaks and is very careful about the way she speaks and the words she chooses.She gets married and finds that her husband is highly abusive.However she controls her anger for a considerable amount of time without retaliating.One fine day,she loses patience and abuses her husband and slaps him in public.What Maria exhibited conforms to the ethical theory of

A) Casuist ethical theory
B) Act utilitarianism
C) Rule utilitarianism
D) Moral relativism

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Mark comes from a very poor family yet he works hard and scores high in his school exams.However he fails to get a job since the school he studied in did not equip him with the adequate knowledge to find a job.Mark thus starves since he does not earn for his livelihood.Finally he gets depressed and steals food from some people who buy delicious food from a local restaurant.What ethical theory has Mark displayed in this case.

A) Act utilitarianism
B) Rule utilitarianism
C) Casuist
D) Moral relativism

Question 5

Which of the following ethical theories believes in the well-being of maximum people using the fairest means available?

A) Deontological theory
B) Moral relativism theory
C) Act utilitarianism theory
D) Rule utilitarianism theory

Question 6

When considering the determinants of a civil society,which of the following refers to the voluntary acceptance of standards established by nongovernmental entities?

A) Self-regulation
B) Ethics
C) Social control
D) Behavioral norms

Question 7

Which of the following ethical theories believes that people should abide by their obligations and duties when stuck in an ethical dilemma?

A) Deontological theory
B) Moral relativism theory
C) Casuist ethical theory
D) Utilitarian ethical theory

Question 8

Which of the following ethical theories states that the most ethical choice in a situation is one that produces the greatest benefit to the most people?

A) Deontological theory
B) Moral relativism theory
C) Casuist ethical theory
D) Utilitarian ethical theory

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of the deontological theory and the utilitarian ethical theory?

A) The deontological theory considers the welfare of the people,while the utilitarian ethical theory does not.
B) The deontological theory compares a current ethical dilemma,while the utilitarian ethical theory is a belief in time-and-place ethics.
C) The deontological theory states that people should adhere to their duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma,while the utilitarian ethical theory is founded on the ability to predict the consequences of an action.
D) The deontological theory states that the truth of a moral judgment is relative to the judging person or group,while the utilitarian ethical theory is a character trait valued as being good.

Question 10

Anything that is legal is ethical.

Question 11

A person whose behavior illustrates the deontological theory of ethics would ___________________.

A) choose an alternative that adheres to laws and standards set by the government without considering his or her obligations toward society
B) adopt an approach that is concerned with the welfare of others
C) choose an alternative based on a comparison of his or her current ethical dilemma with examples of similar ethical dilemmas
D) stick to his or her obligations when stuck in an ethical dilemma because doing one's duty is what is considered ethically correct

Question 12

How are act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism similar?

A) Both theories advocate benefit for people through the fairest and most just means available.
B) Both theories compare a current ethical dilemma with similar examples.
C) Both theories have flaws associated with predicting the future consequences of an action.
D) Both theories are beliefs based on time-and-place ethics.

Question 13

Self-regulation refers to the voluntary acceptance of norms established by nongovernmental entities.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true of a utilitarian?

A) A utilitarian believes that arson is sometimes ethical and not always wrong.
B) A utilitarian will always keep his promises to a friend and follow the law.
C) A utilitarian is not necessarily concerned with the welfare of others.
D) A utilitarian compares similar predicted solutions and uses a point system.

Question 15

Which of the following ethical theories first identifies an ethical dilemma and then draws a comparison with other similar dilemmas and prior experiences to reach the best possible solution?

A) Deontological theory
B) Moral relativism theory
C) Casuist ethical theory
D) Utilitarian ethical theory

Question 16

Which of the following ethical theories is defined as a belief in time-and-place ethics and holds that ethical truths depend on the circumstances?

A) Deontological theory
B) Moral relativism theory
C) Casuist ethical theory
D) Utilitarian ethical theory

Question 17

Ethics are moral principles unrelated to the conduct of an individual or a group.

Question 18

Which of the following theories assumes that the outcomes of a current ethical dilemma will be comparable to the outcomes of similar ethical dilemmas?

A) Casuist ethical theory
B) Act utilitarianism
C) Rule utilitarianism
D) Ethical relativism

Question 19

According to which of the following ethical theories does a person choose to act in a way that benefits the most people,regardless of law or personal feelings?

A) Act utilitarianism
B) Rule utilitarianism
C) Moral relativism
D) Virtue ethics

Question 20

Robin,a police sergeant,believes that bribing is illegal.He does not accept bribes irrespective of the amount of money.Robin is demonstrating _____.

A) act utilitarianism
B) rule utilitarianism
C) ethical relativism
D) moral relativism

Question 21

The utilitarian theory of ethical behavior is a belief in time-and-place ethics,that is,ethical truths depend on the individuals and groups holding them.

Question 22

When making an ethical decision,if there is strong consensus among coworkers that an action may bring harm to others,which of the following is most likely to occur?

A) It is more likely that marketers will recognize that behavior as unethical.
B) It is more likely that the action will not result in a negative outcome.
C) Fewer individuals inside and outside the organization will be affected by the outcome of the action.
D) Fewer people will be affected by the negative outcome.

Question 23

Hallie has a tendency to be egocentric.She follows the rules of her company mainly to avoid punishment and to gain respect.When making decisions,she always focuses on the immediate benefits she will gain from an alternative.Which of the following levels of ethical development does Hallie's behavior illustrate?

A) Preconventional morality
B) Postconventional morality
C) Conventional morality
D) Ethnocentric morality

Question 24

Which of the following people is MOST likely to disapprove of unethical practices more strongly than the others?

A) Rebecca,who has noticed that most of her colleagues often use office supplies for personal use
B) Jason,an editor,who has noticed that all his managers agree that it is okay to plagiarize a small amount of content occasionally
C) Sarah,who is a manager at an organization that does not provide guidelines for ethical behavior
D) David,who has noticed for the first time that a colleague misrepresented data in a report

Question 25

Jamal is a marketing manager who,when it comes to ethical decisions,is more concerned about the long-term effects of an ethical decision he makes than what others think of his decision.Therefore,which level of ethical development does Jamal's behavior demonstrate?

A) Preconventional morality
B) Postconventional morality
C) Conventional morality
D) Ethnocentric morality

Question 26

When considering ethical theories,which statement is true of moral relativism?

A) Moral relativists believe that an act is always ethically wrong if it is legally wrong.
B) It does not believe in absolute rules.
C) Moral relativists believe that the most beneficial choice for the most people is ethically correct.
D) It is a belief based on rules and individual obligations.

Question 27

The rules that people develop as a result of cultural values and norms are called _______.

A) morals
B) laws
C) self-regulations
D) social-regulations

Question 28

In which way are deontological theory and moral relativism similar?

A) Both theories are concerned with the welfare of others.
B) Both theories may lead to actions that are not ethically correct.
C) Both theories are free from flaws.
D) Both theories compare a current ethical dilemma with similar examples and outcomes.

Question 29

Which of the following is a guideline to help marketing managers and other employees make better decisions?

A) Code of ethics
B) Morals
C) Laws
D) Self-regulations

Question 30

In which level of ethical development does a person move from a self-centered viewpoint to behaviors that adhere to the norms of society?

A) Preconventional morality
B) Postconventional morality
C) Conventional morality
D) Ethnocentric morality

Question 31

The socializing force that governs what is ethically right and wrong is called _________.

A) culture
B) morality
C) ethics
D) virtue ethics

Question 32

At the preconventional level of ethical development of a person's moral character,the individual tends to:

A) focus on the long-term results of his or her actions.
B) have an egocentric orientation.
C) adhere to social norms and laws.
D) focus on societal expectations.

Question 33

A marketing decision maker who is concerned only with whether a proposed action is legal and how it will be viewed by others is demonstrating which level of ethical development?

A) Preconventional morality
B) Postconventional morality
C) Conventional morality
D) Ethnocentric morality

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true of morals?

A) They are universal and seldom vary.
B) They are independent of factors such as culture and religion.
C) They reflect the laws and regulations that affect social and economic behavior.
D) They set absolute standards for good and bad that are enforced by the law.

Question 35

Allan protests against individuals who litter on roads because he believes that society expects cleanliness from people.This illustrates _____.

A) preconventional morality
B) utilitarianism
C) moral relativism
D) conventional morality

Question 36

According to the three levels of ethical development,which statement is true of conventional morality?

A) It is the most basic level of ethical development.
B) A person at this level performs unethical and manipulative actions.
C) It is predominantly characterized by an egocentric viewpoint of an individual.
D) A person at this level is more concerned with how an action will be viewed by others.

Question 37

In rule utilitarianism,a person makes ethical decisions that benefit the maximum number of people and is not so concerned about laws.

Question 38

Discuss how the casuist ethical theory differs from moral relativism theory and describe their drawbacks.

Question 39

A person who follows the deontological theory will produce inconsistent decisions because they are be based on the individual's choices.

Question 40

Jordon is a sales manager.He operates at the postconventional level of morality while making ethical decisions.In this case,which of the following statements is true?

A) He will be concerned about how he sees and judges himself over the long run.
B) He will be concerned about how people will view his decisions.
C) He will be calculating and self-centered while making decisions and will look for immediate benefits.
D) He will make decisions that are not beneficial for most people.

Question 41

Ethical beliefs vary widely from culture to culture.

Question 42

When considering ethics in other countries,which of the following statements is true?

A) Corruption seldom occurs in international business dealings.
B) The practice of making illegal payments,such as bribes,is accepted and expected in various countries.
C) Ethical beliefs vary widely from culture to culture.
D) Prosecutions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act have significantly declined.

Question 43

Discuss the factors that determine the nature of an ethical decision.

Question 44

Which of the following represents a business's concern for society's welfare?

A) Corporate social responsibility
B) Opportunism
C) Preconventional morality
D) Moral relativism

Question 45

When making ethical decisions,the more likely an action will result in a harmful outcome,the less likely that marketers will recognize a problem as unethical.

Question 46

Morals are rules that people develop as a result of cultural values and norms.

Question 47

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)was enacted because congress was concerned about

A) U.S.corporations' use of illegal payments and bribes in international business dealings.
B) so that website operators obtain verifiable consent from parents before collecting personal information about children under age thirteen.
C) to set a standard for the suite of educational apps.
D) None of these.

Question 48

When considering corporate social responsibility,which is true of stakeholder theory?

A) It states that companies should only focus on increasing shareholder wealth.
B) It states that social responsibility is best carried out by government agencies.
C) It states that a company is expected to be a good citizen in its community.
D) It states that the management does not play a special role in the organization.

Question 49

_____ is a business's concern for the long-range welfare of both the company and its relationship to the society within which it operates.

A) Preconventional morality
B) Moral relativism
C) Corporate self-dealing
D) Corporate social responsibility

Question 50

Conventional morality is the most basic level of ethical development.

Question 51

Identify and describe the three levels of ethical development.

Question 52

Research shows that when making ethical decisions,if the length of time between the action and its negative consequences is short,marketers are more likely to perceive the action as unethical.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is a feature of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)?

A) It prohibits U.S.corporations from involvement in international business dealings.
B) It prohibits U.S.corporations from making illegal payments to foreign governments.
C) It cannot prosecute cases of bribery.
D) It offers significant advantages to U.S.businesses dealing in countries in which the use of illegal payments and bribes is acceptable.

Question 54

At postconventional morality level of ethical development,people are less concerned about what others think about them and more concerned about how they handle their problems over the long run.

Question 55

Quinn is the sales manager of a firm with a questionable reputation.During his tenure,he has witnessed numerous incidents of ethical misconduct.Research shows that he would observe less ethical misconduct if ________________________.

A) his coworkers had a strong ethical culture among themselves
B) a code of ethics was absent from his firm
C) organizational rules were flouted in his firm
D) the top managers of his firm had little control over organizational culture

Question 56

A decision is considered ethical or not based solely on the number of people who benefit from the decision.

Question 57

When applying deontological theory to an ethical dilemma,the decision on how to act is based upon weighing the alternatives and then choosing the solution which is the lesser of the perceived evils.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of a code of ethics?

A) It is most effective when presented in a long list of dos and don'ts.
B) It is an effective internal control of behavior.
C) It is typically drafted by government agencies.
D) It applies to top managers of an organization rather than its employees.

Question 59

A code of ethics:

A) should include an operations schedule of day-to-day activities.
B) should be limited to a list of dos and don'ts.
C) should be in written form to avoid confusion.
D) Does not help employees to identify what is wrong and what is right.

Question 60

Which of the following ethical theories states that it is an organization's social responsibility to pay attention to the interest of every affected stakeholder in every aspect of an organization's operation?

A) Deontological theory
B) Moral relativism theory
C) Casuist ethical theory
D) Stakeholder theory

Question 61

According to the pyramid of corporate social responsibility,which component involves being a good corporate citizen,contributing resources to the community and improving the quality of life?

A) Philanthropic responsibilities
B) Ethical responsibilities
C) Legal responsibilities
D) Economic responsibilities

Question 62

Which of the following refers to the idea that socially responsible companies will outperform their peers by focusing on the world's social problems and viewing them as opportunities to build profits and help the world at the same time?

A) Philanthropy
B) Sustainability
C) Social regulations
D) Opportunism

Question 63

Which statement about the pyramid of corporate social responsibility is true?

A) Philanthropy should be the most important function of a corporation.
B) Ethical responsibilities of a corporation provide the basis for other responsibilities.
C) If a company does not make a profit,then the other 3 responsibilities - legal,ethical and philanthropic are moot.
D) Social responsibility efforts should be focused on the external and not the internal stakeholders of a corporation.

Question 64

Discuss the pyramid of corporate social responsibility and its components.

Question 65

Which responsibility among the 4 components of the pyramid of corporate social responsibility acts as the foundation for the other three responsibilities.

A) To do what is meticulous.
B) To be a good corporate citizen.
C) To obey the law.
D) To make profits.

Question 66

Which of the following is one of the four major components of the pyramid of corporate social responsibility?

A) Opportunism
B) Self-dealing
C) Creativity
D) Philanthropy

Question 67

Which model suggests that corporate social responsibility is composed of economic,legal,ethical,and philanthropic responsibilities that are built upon a firm's economic performance?

A) Pyramid of corporate social responsibility
B) Behavioral norms of corporate social responsibility
C) Social control
D) Act utilitarianism

Question 68

Ronald Systems Inc.has developed a line of appliances that runs on solar energy and causes no harm to the environment.Which of the following business practices is illustrated in this scenario?

A) Divestment
B) Opportunism
C) Green marketing
D) Cause-related marketing

Question 69

Which term refers to a type of social responsibility concerned with developing processes and structures that not only meet the needs of a current community,but benefit future generations as well?

A) Social sustainability
B) Environmental sustainability
C) Economic sustainability
D) Physical sustainability

Question 70

Which term refers to the optimum utilization of assets so that a firm continues making profit in the long run?

A) Social sustainability
B) Environmental sustainability
C) Economic sustainability
D) Physical sustainability

Question 71

According to the pyramid of corporate social responsibility,which component includes the behavioral aspect of corporate social responsibility,that is being meticulous and trustworthy.

A) Philanthropic responsibilities
B) Ethical responsibilities
C) Legal responsibilities
D) Economic responsibilities

Question 72

Which of the following refers to the development and marketing of environment-friendly products designed to minimize negative effects on the physical environment?

A) Green marketing
B) Relationship marketing
C) Economic sustainability marketing
D) Cause-related marketing

Question 73

The pyramid of corporate social responsibility presents ethical responsibilities as the foundation for the other three responsibilities.

Question 74

The local community is not considered one of the stakeholders of an organization.

Question 75

According to stakeholder theory,social responsibility refers to paying attention to the interest of all the stakeholders such as management,suppliers,customers,local community,and so forth.

Question 76

The pyramid of corporate social responsibility portrays philanthropic performance as the foundation for the other responsibilities.

Question 77

Quasio Foods Inc.is a large food manufacturing corporation that earns more profits than its competitors.The company uses only organically grown grains and fruits.It also promotes organic farming and helps nonprofit agencies who focus on food and nutrition causes.The company recently decided to use a third-party recycling logo.In this scenario,Quasio Foods is most likely to have adopted the practice of _________________.

A) relationship marketing
B) event marketing
C) green marketing
D) affinity marketing

Question 78

Social responsibility can produce only an indirect profit.

Question 79

Which of the following are NOT stakeholders in a typical corporation?

A) Employees
B) Customers
C) Local communities
D) Competitors

Question 80

Developing long-term sources of clean water to improve health and preserve local ecosystems while creating a competitive advantage is an example of:

A) social sustainability.
B) environmental sustainability.
C) economic sustainability.
D) physical sustainability.