Deck 10: Assessment Strategies

Question 1

Which one of the following is the best example of dynamic assessment?

A)Mr. Thiessen asks Macy to show him how to use a microscope properly.
B)Ms. Ursinas asks her students to work in groups of three to write a paper describing the effects of the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003.
C)Ms. Vincenti gives her students 20 multiple-choice questions; she then gives 20 additional,more difficult questions to students who've done very well on the first set,as a way of assessing the upper limits of their knowledge.
D)Mr. Warren observes and records how Erica's logical thinking changes over time as she experiments with a pendulum.

Answer 1

Mr. Warren observes and records how Erica's logical thinking changes over time as she experiments with a pendulum.

Question 2

By encouraging students to evaluate their own performance during assessment activities,a teacher is most likely to:

A)Facilitate meaningful learning.
B)Promote self-regulation.
C)Increase the reliability of classroom assessment instruments.
D)Increase the validity of classroom assessment instruments.

Answer 2

Promote self-regulation.

Question 3

The reliability of an assessment instrument tells us:

A)How norms for the instrument were obtained.
B)Whether the instrument predicts a future behavior.
C)Whether the instrument assesses something consistently.
D)Whether the instrument actually measures what it is intended to measure.

Answer 3

Whether the instrument assesses something consistently.

Question 4

Which one of the following teaching strategies is most consistent with the textbook's discussion of promoting self-regulation through classroom assessment practices?

A)At the beginning of a cooperative group problem-solving activity,Mr. Hays tells the students in each group that they should submit one set of problem solutions that represents the consensus of all group members.
B)Mr. Weller has his students exchange and grade one another's homework assignments.
C)Mr. Rushing solicits students' ideas about criteria to use in evaluating the sculptures they will be creating in art class.
D)Mr. Bickling gives his students the answer key for a multiple-choice quiz he has just given and asks them to score their own responses.

Question 5

Three of the following statements are ways that teachers can communicate to students that assessments can help them learn. Which statement is not necessarily consistent with this message?

A)Allow students to use feedback to revise their work.
B)Provide frequent assessments.
C)Emphasize the importance of grades for students' future success.
D)Explain the purpose of the instructional objectives.

Question 6

A classroom teacher and school psychologist are conferring about Gregory,a boy who works very hard in class and yet shows consistently poor performance in any assignments that require reading or writing. Judging from the textbook's discussion of assessments as a means of diagnosing learning and performance problems,what kinds of assessment results should the teacher and psychologist consider as they try to pinpoint the source of Gregory's difficulty?

A)They should focus on results from tests published by reputable test publishers,because these tests have specifically been developed to assess learning disabilities and other sources of learning difficulty.
B)They should focus on Gregory's performance on weekly classroom tests,which provide ongoing assessment of Gregory's progress.
C)They should conduct an in-depth analysis of Gregory's writing samples,which will be much more informative than test scores.
D)They should look for clues about Gregory's difficulties both in his performance on published tests and in his classroom tests and assignments.

Question 7

Which one of the following examples illustrates informal assessment?

A)Asking students to submit their cooperative group projects to be evaluated
B)Observing how various students handle the ball as they play soccer
C)Giving a quiz that counts for only a small fraction of students' grades
D)Giving a five-item short-answer test

Question 8

Three of the following are accurate statements about how classroom assessments either directly or indirectly affect students' learning and achievement. Which statement is not accurate?

A)The nature of assessment tasks influence how students study classroom material.
B)Students are more motivated to study classroom material when they know their knowledge of the material will be assessed.
C)Studying for an assessment facilitates students' memory even for information that they do not specifically study.
D)Assessments can provide valuable feedback about what students know and what they need to work on.

Question 9

Which one of the following illustrates the use of formative assessment?

A)A teacher gives students an unexpected ("pop")quiz that will be worth extra points toward their final class grade.
B)A teacher gives students an unexpected quiz to find out what things they need more work on; it won't count toward final grades.
C)A university uses students' SAT scores to determine which students to accept; only the top 5% are admitted.
D)A university uses students' SAT scores to determine which students to accept; all students who score at or above a certain cutoff score are admitted.

Question 10

If we say that a particular classroom assessment instrument is highly reliable,we mean that it:

A)Accurately assesses whether students have attained our instructional objectives.
B)Yields scores that form a bell curve.
C)Predicts future success in school.
D)Gives us similar results on different occasions.

Question 11

Technology-based formative assessment tools have several advantages. Which of the following is not an advantage? Technology-based formative assessment tools can:

A)Keep track of students' performance over time.
B)Help students assess their work.
C)Generate reports and graphs.
D)Help teachers ensure content validity.

Question 12

Which one of the following is the best example of summative assessment?

A)Ms. Vickery gives her social studies students a test at the end of a unit to determine how well they have learned the material in the unit.
B)Mr. Waters gives his government students a quiz at midterm to determine whether he needs to spend more time on certain aspects of the federal judicial system.
C)Ms. Yarborough gives her introductory German students weekly quizzes to make sure they're keeping up with the material.
D)Mr. Zeller gives his science students a pretest before beginning a unit on the water cycle to determine how much they already know about the topic.

Question 13

On a weekly quiz,Mr. Harris asks students in his auto mechanics class to figure out what is probably wrong with a car when it has a certain set of "symptoms." His students have never considered this particular combination of symptoms before,but they know everything they need to know in order to determine what must be wrong. Mr. Harris's test question illustrates the value of a classroom assessment as:

A)The primary means of promoting intrinsic motivation.
B)A way of giving concrete feedback to students.
C)A way of minimizing the negative impact of high-stakes tests.
D)A learning experience in and of itself.

Question 14

Which one of the following illustrates how classroom assessments can affect students' epistemic beliefs?

A)Susan thinks that "art appreciation" means memorizing the names of paintings and the artists who painted them because every test in her art appreciation class asks her to label a series of paintings and identify the painter of each one.
B)Because Geraldine consistently receives low marks on assignments in her history class,she is convinced that her teacher doesn't like her.
C)Duncan mistakenly believes that how well he does on his weekly spelling tests will be the determining factor affecting whether he is promoted to fourth grade.
D)Martin has heard that Mr. Stewart's tests are "really picky," so he is very anxious when he prepares for his first test in Mr. Stewart's class.

Question 15

In which one of the following situations do we definitely have a problem with the reliability of a classroom assessment?

A)Ms. Arthur assesses her students' overall physical fitness on Monday; she assesses it again the following Monday. Students who perform well one week are not the same ones who perform well the following week.
B)Ms. Benavidez uses a test of mechanical aptitude to determine which students are ready for her physics class. She finds out later that the students who scored lowest on the mechanical aptitude test are some of the best students in physics.
C)Ms. Candelaria tells students to study Chapter 14 but mistakenly gives them a test over Chapter 15 instead.
D)For her class of 35 students,Ms. D'Amato devises a test that must be given to students one at a time and requires two hours for each student.

Question 16

Midway through a unit on how mountains are formed,Mr. McDonald gives a brief quiz to find out what students do and don't understand. He plans to focus the next few classes on the things about which students are most confused. Which one of the following does Mr. McDonald's quiz exemplify?

A)A norm-referenced test
B)Authentic assessment
C)A performance assessment
D)Formative assessment

Question 17

Which one of the following illustrates use of a rubric in a classroom assessment?

A)Responses to a 10-point essay in a history class are given 5 points for describing historical events accurately,4 points for explaining how the events are interrelated,and 1 point for using complete sentences throughout the essay.
B)In a swimming test,students are asked to swim one lap each using the butterfly stroke,breaststroke,and backstroke.
C)A science test has 30 multiple questions,10 alternative-response questions,3 short-answer questions,and one essay.
D)A math assignment presents a complex problem with several parts and asks students to break it down into at least five simpler problems that they can solve one at a time.

Question 18

Which one of the following examples is most consistent with the textbook's definition of assessment?

A)Having a student swim two laps using the breast stroke
B)Asking a student to form a mental image of a nine-sided polygon
C)Having a student describe how long she studied
D)Asking a high school student to read the first two chapters of a college-level textbook

Question 19

Imagine you are a teacher who wants students to use effective information processing strategies as they study classroom subject matter. You consider what educational psychologists have learned about the effects of classroom assessment tasks on learning,and you conclude that you should:

A)Not give paper-pencil tests at all.
B)Ask many short questions rather than a few lengthy ones.
C)Give assessment tasks that require meaningful understanding of the material.
D)Assess students' rote knowledge of the material first,then ask higher-level questions about the material in a subsequent assessment.

Question 20

Which one of the following statements accurately describes the effect of classroom assessments on students' motivation?

A)They promote greater extrinsic motivation for studying classroom material.
B)They promote greater intrinsic motivation for studying classroom material.
C)Essay tests enhance students' motivation to study classroom material; multiple-choice tests undermine it.
D)Only performance assessments promote facilitating anxiety; paper-pencil assessments typically lead to debilitating anxiety.

Question 21

Which one of the following is a consideration related to an assessment instrument's practicality?

A)What the instrument assesses
B)What the instrument's name (e.g.,"intelligence test")says it assesses
C)How easy it is to administer
D)How consistent students' performance is from one time to the next

Question 22

For a standardized test,test administration procedures are often very rigid: All students must take the test with the same directions and under the same conditions. This practice should have the effect of increasing the test's:

A)Subjectivity.
B)Reliability.
C)Content validity.
D)Practicality.

Question 23

Teachers need to be concerned that any assessment tool they use is actually assessing what it is supposed to assess. In other words,they need to be concerned about the ________ of their assessment practices.

A)Reliability
B)Practicality
C)Standardization
D)Validity

Question 24

Which one of the following best reflects performance assessment?

A)Reading a science fiction novel that applies principles currently being studied in a physics class
B)Explaining in a couple of paragraphs how you solved a geometry problem
C)Identifying the problem in a car engine that has stalled
D)Writing an essay explaining how one might address health care issues in developing nations

Question 25

Classroom assessment instruments can be valid only when they are also:

A)Performance-based.
B)Practical.
C)Authentic.
D)Reliable.

Question 26

Mr. O'Hara has developed a test of mechanical aptitude. At the beginning of a course in auto mechanics,he gives this test to his students. At the end of the year,he compares students' scores on the test with their actual achievement in his course. What is he probably trying to find out about his test?

A)Its reliability
B)Its construct validity
C)Its content validity
D)Its predictive validity

Question 27

The content validity of an assessment instrument tells us whether the instrument:

A)Is representative of the domain being assessed.
B)Predicts how well students will perform in a particular situation.
C)Will be relatively easy and inexpensive to use.
D)Measures something in a consistent manner.

Question 28

In which one of the following situations do we definitely have a problem with the content validity of a classroom assessment?

A)Ms. Arthur assesses her students' overall physical fitness on Monday; she assesses it again the following Monday. Students who perform well one week are not the same ones who perform well the following week.
B)Ms. Benavidez tells students to study Chapter 14 but mistakenly gives them a test over Chapter 15 instead.
C)Ms. Candelaria uses a test of mechanical aptitude to determine which students are ready for her physics class. She finds out later that the students who scored lowest on the mechanical aptitude test are some of the best students in physics.
D)For her class of 35 students,Ms. D'Amato devises a test that must be given to students one at a time and requires two hours for each student.

Question 29

The school district of Wattville,Delaware,is considering using the Colorado Achievement Test (CAT)this year. This test must be administered by a school psychologist to each student individually,with each student's testing time being about two hours. Without knowing anything else about the CAT,the Wattville school district should probably question the test's:

A)Practicality.
B)Content validity.
C)Standardization.
D)Reliability.

Question 30

Three of the following are recommended strategies for accommodating students with disabilities during educational assessments. Which one is not necessarily recommended?

A)Excusing a student from an assessment
B)Giving the assessment in a quieter room
C)Reading aloud the questions on a paper-pencil test
D)Giving frequent breaks during the assessment

Question 31

Mr. Hatch wants to assess what his students have learned in a recent unit on four-sided figures. He realizes that the unit included four figures-squares,rectangles,parallelograms,and trapezoids. He also knows that he wants students to do three things for each of these figures: (1)recognize examples,(2)calculate the perimeter,and (3)calculate the area. In essence,Mr. Hatch is:

A)Taking initial steps in constructing a table of specifications.
B)Maximizing the likelihood that his assessment instrument will have predictive validity.
C)Increasing the extent to which his assessment instrument is standardized.
D)Converting an informal assessment into a more formal one.

Question 32

If students complain that a history test was not a good reflection of what they knew about history,then the test may have low:

A)Reliability.
B)Standardization.
C)Validity.
D)Variability.

Question 33

Whenever a teacher modifies an assessment to accommodate a student's disability,the teacher must remember that he or she is inevitably reducing:

A)Reliability.
B)Standardization.
C)Validity.
D)Practicality.

Question 34

Three of the following strategies are likely to increase the reliability of a classroom assessment instrument. Which one is not likely to do so?

A)Give the same instructions to everyone about how to complete the assessment tasks.
B)Decide on the specific criteria you will use to evaluate students' responses to each task.
C)Make sure that students know exactly what they are being asked to do.
D)Incorporate knowledge of students' previous achievement levels into judgments about their current performance.

Question 35

Three of the following are questions that arise related to the standardization of an assessment instrument. Which question is not specifically an aspect of standardization?

A)Are all students being assessed over equivalent content?
B)Are all students being judged on the basis of similar criteria?
C)Are students' scores lower when points are taken off for spelling errors?
D)Are time limits the same for everyone performing the assessment task?

Question 36

Imagine you are a teacher. You don't want your students only to know information,you also want them to be able to analyze information and apply it to new situations. To ensure that a classroom assessment measures all of your instructional objectives,you probably should:

A)Use only authentic assessment.
B)Develop a table of specifications.
C)Use subjective rather than objective assessment tasks as much as possible.
D)Find a suitable standardized test for the subject area you're teaching.

Question 37

Which one of the following is the best example of performance assessment?

A)Having students solve several arithmetic word problems
B)Giving students a standardized reading comprehension test
C)Having students write an essay explaining why the three angles of a triangle always total 180 degrees
D)Having students do as many pushups as they can

Question 38

Three of the following conditions are likely to affect the reliability of classroom assessment instruments. Which condition is likely to have little or no effect on reliability?

A)Whether the teacher responds consistently to various students' questions about the assessment tasks
B)Whether the teacher gives the same or different instructions to different students
C)Whether students have learned what they were supposed to learn
D)Whether students are distracted by noise outside the classroom windows

Question 39

Which one of the four RSVP characteristics is definitely compromised when a teacher asks students to complete an assessment activity at home in the evening?

A)Reliability
B)Standardization
C)Validity
D)Practicality

Question 40

Ms. Edgerton wants to construct an assessment instrument that is a good reflection of what her students have learned from a recent unit on the history of their state. To do so,she might best begin by constructing a table of specifications that includes both:

A)The kinds of questions she wants to ask and the scoring criteria she wants to apply.
B)The topics students have studied and the things they should be able to do with each topic.
C)The topics students have studied and the order in which they have studied them.
D)The kinds of questions she wants to ask and the types of instructions she intends to give students about how to respond.

Question 41

Which one of the following test items is most likely to have cultural bias?

A)How are a puppy and a kitten alike?
B)Croquet is to mallet as racquetball is to ________.
C)What is the next number in the following series? 5 8 11 14 ________
D)What's missing in this picture of a person's foot?

Question 42

One problem with informal assessments of student achievement is that they:

A)Can be influenced by teachers' prior expectations.
B)Can be used only by teachers with many years of teaching experience.
C)Are useful only in evaluating verbal behaviors.
D)Are useful only in evaluating nonverbal behaviors.

Question 43

Which one of the following is a legitimate concern about the use of performance assessment?

A)It focuses more on rote learning than on meaningful learning.
B)It undermines students' performance goals.
C)It underestimates how much students have learned.
D)Its reliability and content validity are sometimes questionable.

Question 44

Which one of the following is the best example of authentic assessment of students' knowledge of 10 spelling words?

A)Giving a traditional spelling test in which the teacher says the word,presents it in a sentence,then says the word again; students write the words on a piece of paper
B)Asking them to participate in a spelling bee where they spell the words orally
C)Having them write a composition that includes all 10 spelling words
D)Giving students a multiple-choice test in which they choose the correct spelling of each word from a set of four possible spellings

Question 45

Which one of the following paper-pencil assessments is most likely to have a reliability problem when the teacher scores students' responses?

A)Ms. Gibbons asks students to describe the "first Thanksgiving" in one or two pages.
B)Mr. Hammond gives 50 true-false questions about the geography of Russia.
C)Ms. Sonnenschein administers a 30-item multiple-choice test about invertebrates.
D)Mr. Strauch gives a 15-word spelling test.

Question 46

Of the four RSVP characteristics,informal assessment strategies are strongest with respect to:

A)Reliability.
B)Standardization.
C)Validity.
D)Practicality.

Question 47

Which one of the following is definitely not an example of authentic assessment?

A)Writing an opinion essay
B)Preparing a graph from data
C)Conducting an experiment
D)Taking a multiple-choice test

Question 48

Which one of the following is the best example of authentic assessment?

A)Giving students written comments about the strengths and weaknesses of their test papers
B)Asking students to use what they've learned about electricity to fix a flashlight that doesn't work
C)Asking essay questions rather than multiple-choice questions
D)Giving a pretest to assess students' knowledge about invertebrates before the unit on invertebrates begins

Question 49

Only one of the following is consistent with recommended practices in constructing multiple-choice items. Which one?

A)Do not ask students to apply what they have learned to new situations.
B)Incorporate common misconceptions into incorrect alternatives.
C)Stick closely to wordings used in the textbook or other instructional materials.
D)Do not incorporate visual materials.

Question 50

For which one of the following instructional objectives is a paper-pencil assessment probably least appropriate?

A)Students will use a Bunsen burner safely.
B)Students will explain why the United States eventually entered World War II.
C)Students will identify the main idea of a paragraph.
D)Students will recall single-digit addition facts with 100% accuracy.

Question 51

As teachers plan classroom assessments,one of the decisions they will have to make is whether to use a paper-pencil or performance assessment. Keeping both practicality and validity in mind,teachers should probably use performance assessment:

A)Whenever they want to assess meaningful learning rather than rote memorization.
B)Whenever they want to assess achievement of complex cognitive processes.
C)Only when a paper-pencil assessment will have low content validity.
D)As often as possible.

Question 52

If one group of students performs better on an assessment instrument than another group for reasons unrelated to the characteristic being measured,then the instrument:

A)Probably has low reliability.
B)Is obviously not standardized.
C)Clearly has low predictive validity.
D)Might be culturally biased.

Question 53

Which one of the following statements is consistent with the textbook's discussion of scoring criteria for formal assessments?

A)When students know the teacher's criteria for scoring their performance,content validity is apt to be jeopardized.
B)Students perform better when given only general guidance (e.g.,"Answer as completely as you can")about how to respond.
C)Students should be informed regarding the scoring criteria a teacher will use.
D)Telling students the scoring criteria ahead of time is likely to make them unnecessarily anxious about the assessment.

Question 54

We show Antoinette two identical glasses containing equal amounts of water. We pour the water from one glass into a wide,shallow bowl. Antoinette tells us that the other glass has more water than the bowl does. (You may recognize this as Piaget's conservation of liquid task.)We ask Antoinette to explain why she thinks the glass and bowl have different amounts of water so that we can identify possible strategies to help her develop conservation of liquid. By doing so,we are engaging in performance assessment of a ________ for purposes of ________ assessment.

A)product; formative
B)product; summative
C)process; formative
D)process; summative

Question 55

Some performance assessments focus on processes,whereas others focus on products. Which of the following pairs best illustrates this distinction?

A)Observing how a student solves algebra problems vs. observing how a student tackles geometry proofs
B)Observing how a student goes about developing a computer program vs. observing how well the final program actually works
C)Observing how a student speaks during an oral presentation in class vs. observing how the student interacts with peers informally in class and at lunch
D)Observing a student's watercolor painting vs. observing a student's clay sculpture

Question 56

When teachers ask different questions of different students during a class discussion,they are conducting ________ assessment.

A)authentic
B)informal
C)standardized
D)invalid

Question 57

Three of the following are accurate statements regarding the advantages of informal assessment. Which statement is not necessarily accurate?

A)It is sometimes the only way teachers can assess students' motivation and social skills.
B)It can be easily adjusted as a lesson unfolds.
C)It is usually more valid than formal assessment.
D)It provides ongoing information about the effectiveness of a lesson.

Question 58

On the first day of school,a student in Mr. Martinez's eighth-grade math class asks a question that shows she hasn't been paying attention for the past several minutes. Consistent with recommendations regarding informal assessment presented in the textbook,Mr. Martinez should:

A)Fill out an "informal assessment" form and send it to the principal.
B)Call the student's parents to express his concern.
C)Wait to see if the student shows a pattern of inattentiveness before drawing conclusions.
D)Act as if the student had never asked the question.

Question 59

Which one of the following is a potential drawback of performance assessment?

A)The tasks are often time-consuming to administer.
B)Guessing tends to raise students' scores considerably.
C)The tasks are rarely authentic in nature.
D)The tasks typically require only a narrow search of long-term memory.

Question 60

Which one of the following statements is most accurate with regard to the RSVP characteristics of paper-pencil assessments?

A)Although reliability,standardization,and practicality are almost always high,validity is typically rather low.
B)Such assessments are typically practical and easily standardized; reliability and validity vary,depending on the circumstances.
C)Reliability is high only if validity is high; standardization and practicality vary,depending on the circumstances.
D)There is a trade-off between reliability and validity; to the extent that one is high,the other is relatively low.

Question 61

Three of the following are accurate statements about cheating in the classroom. Which one is not necessarily accurate?

A)Students are more likely to cheat if they have performance goals rather than mastery goals.
B)Students are more likely to cheat if they think an assessment instrument doesn't reflect classroom objectives.
C)Students are more likely to cheat if they think their teacher is a "softie" who grades leniently.
D)Students are more likely to cheat if they think their teacher's expectations for them are unreasonably high.

Question 62

Which one of the following assessments is definitely criterion-referenced?

A)Ivy is taking an achievement test in English. Her score will tell her how her performance compares with that of her classmates.
B)John is taking a math test with questions involving ratios. He will get three separate scores reflecting how much he knows about fractions,decimals,and proportions.
C)Regina is taking a physical fitness test in which she and her classmates run a quarter mile,and their times are compared at the end of the test.
D)Leon is taking a Spanish test that will determine whether he should be placed in an advanced section of Spanish II designed for students who have achieved at an especially high level in Spanish I.

Question 63

Last year Kanya immigrated to this country from Thailand. Although she now feels comfortable speaking English in everyday conversations,she still has only a limited knowledge of English vocabulary,and she struggles with some of the English language's complex grammatical constructions. Near the end of the school year Kanya must take the same standardized set of achievement tests that her classmates take. For Kanya,we might reasonably suspect that the tests will:

A)Have low practicality.
B)Have low reliability.
C)Be culturally biased.
D)Have high predictive validity.

Question 64

Which one of the following statements best characterizes the effects of test anxiety?

A)Even the smallest amount of anxiety tends to interfere with students' performance.
B)Anxiety facilitates students' performance on essay tests but interferes with their performance on multiple-choice tests.
C)Anxiety facilitates creative problem solving but interferes with recall for specific facts.
D)A small amount of anxiety about a classroom assessment is likely to facilitate many students' performance.

Question 65

Which one of the following teachers is definitely scoring students' performance in a norm-referenced manner?

A)Mr. Wyman grades students' essays on the causes of the American Revolution,giving the five best essays an A,the next five best a B,and so on.
B)Mr. Burghs asks his physical education students to do as many chin-ups and push-ups as they can,and he records the number that each student can do.
C)Mr. Carr has his second graders take a quiz on addition number facts over and over again until they can answer all 100 facts correctly within three minutes' time.
D)Mr. Morehead asks his fifth graders to spell the 20 words in this week's spelling assignment,and he counts the number of words each student spells correctly.

Question 66

In which of the following situations would criterion-referenced scores always be more appropriate than norm-referenced scores?

A)To choose students for a program for gifted and talented youth
B)To select students for a highly selective and prestigious university
C)To pretest students' knowledge so that you know where to begin instruction
D)To place students in reading groups based on relative ability

Question 67

Ms. Beloit wants to describe her students' performance on a classroom achievement test in a way that her students can understand,so she scores it in terms of the percentage of correct items. Which type of score is Ms. Beloit using?

A)A norm-referenced score
B)A percentile rank
C)A grade-equivalent score
D)A raw score

Question 68

In Ms. Chapman's math class,students who take a classroom assessment receive scores of either "Mastered" or "Not mastered" in four different areas: addition,subtraction,multiplication,and division. What type of scores is Ms. Chapman using?

A)Criterion-referenced scores
B)Raw scores
C)Norm-referenced scores
D)Stanine scores

Question 69

Which one of the following is something a teacher should consider when deciding whether to use criterion-referenced scores or norm-referenced scores to reflect what students have learned on a classroom assessment?

A)Criterion-referenced scores are more useful when you need to compare students to one another.
B)Criterion-referenced scores are more useful when you need to compare students' performance to the performance of "typical" students nationwide.
C)Norm-referenced scores are more useful when you want to assess students' mastery of instructional objectives.
D)Norm-referenced scores may be helpful when you need to assess a complex skill that is difficult to define in terms of mastery.

Question 70

On the day you give a paper-pencil test,your classroom is unusually cold and a construction crew is working noisily just outside the building. For which one of the following students are such conditions likely to adversely affect test performance?

A)Andrea,who thinks tests are challenging and fun
B)Brittany,who doesn't really care how she does on the test
C)Corbin,who has done well on similar tests in the past,albeit under better conditions
D)Dennis,who is receiving special educational services for students who are gifted

Question 71

Which one of the following statements is most likely to keep students' anxiety about a classroom assessment at a facilitative level?

A)"On Friday,we'll have a quiz on what we've covered this week. It should give us all feedback about how well you're learning and what things we still need to work on as a class."
B)"We're having a quiz this Friday so that I can evaluate how well you know the material we've covered."
C)"This Friday we will be having our usual Friday spelling test. It's extremely important that you get all your spelling words right,so I expect you to study hard this week."
D)"This Friday we will be having a quiz in French. Your performance will help me decide which of you will be eligible for the school trip to France next summer."

Question 72

The four students below have just received feedback about their test performance. With the textbook's discussion of assessment and feedback in mind,choose the student who is most likely to benefit from the feedback he or she has received.

A)Garry got his multiple-choice science test back with the errors circled in red and the comment,"You need to study harder for the next test" written at the top of the page.
B)Harry received his history essay test with the comment,"You have a thorough knowledge of history,but your discussion is vague and disorganized."
C)Jerry could not look at his geography test after it was scored because his teacher plans to use the test again with next year's class. However,he's gotten the feedback,"You need to work more on the characteristics of the countries we're studying."
D)Kerrie received her math test with any incorrect answers corrected in red and with the comment,"You have learned how to 'carry' in addition but are having trouble with 'borrowing' in subtraction."

Question 73

If you have implemented a mastery learning program in your classroom,the most appropriate types of test scores to use when assessing students' achievement would be:

A)Norm-referenced scores.
B)Criterion-referenced scores.
C)Raw scores.
D)Subjective scores.

Question 74

The four teachers below are using a mastery learning approach in their classrooms. With the textbook's discussion of classroom assessment practices in mind,choose the teacher who has the best policy regarding retakes of assessments.

A)Mr. Ingersol allows his students to retake the same assessment as many times as they need to in order to pass a unit.
B)Ms. Saldano knows that students will study more thoroughly if they know they have one chance to be assessed,so she does not allow retakes under any circumstances.
C)Ms. Huang has all students take the same assessment at least twice so that testing procedures will be fair for everyone.
D)When students don't demonstrate mastery the first time,Mr. Firenze gives them a similar,but not identical,assessment instrument the second time.

Question 75

A parent of one of your students,Mr. Jones,criticizes the fact that you base your grades partly on students' paper-pencil test scores. You need to defend your use of such tests as a way of evaluating students. Three of the following are appropriate ways you might respond to Mr. Jones's concern. Which statement is not accurate?

A)Your tests provide a way of obtaining systematic samples of your students' performance.
B)You have determined that your tests have content validity for the material you cover in class.
C)Your tests have been shown to have perfect reliability.
D)Using tests is a fairer and more objective way to evaluate students than grading simply on the basis of your subjective impressions.

Question 76

Occasionally students may be tempted to cheat during a formal classroom assessment. With the textbook's recommendations in mind,choose the best strategy for addressing cheating.

A)Watch students like a hawk and immediately remove the test paper of anyone who appears to be looking at someone else's paper.
B)Keep a watchful eye on the class during the assessment,and impose a reasonable consequence when cheating does occur.
C)Punish a cheating student in front of classmates so that others learn the importance of honesty vicariously.
D)Ignore cheating the first or second time it occurs because students are not likely to repeat this type of behavior.

Question 77

In 1974 the U.S. Congress passed the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. This act makes which one of these common classroom practices illegal?

A)Students taking a history test are penalized if they misspell words.
B)Students are required to take a three-day,standardized achievement test.
C)Students' grades are posted by their social security numbers.
D)Students' standardized test scores are reported to their parents.

Question 78

Three of the following are advantages of giving classroom assessments frequently rather than infrequently. Which statement is not accurate?

A)Frequent assessment is less likely to tax students' long-term memory capabilities.
B)Frequent assessment makes cheating less likely.
C)Frequent assessment makes students less anxious because each assessment score is less important.
D)Frequent assessment encourages students to take occasional risks in their responses.

Question 79

Which one of the following teachers is most likely to score his or her essay tests validly and reliably?

A)Mr. Achziger identifies the components that a good response should include and awards a specific number of points for each component he finds in a student's response.
B)Ms. Brodzinski scores each student's test in its entirety before moving to the next student's test.
C)Mr. Cullen scores students' responses to each question on a scale of 1 to 5,where 1 means "inadequate" and 5 means "excellent."
D)Ms. Duning arranges the tests with her higher-achieving students' responses at the top; their responses will give her an idea of what a "good" response is like as she continues to grade other students' papers.

Question 80

Only one of the following practices is permissible under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Which one?

A)Placing graded tests in a basket for students to sort through
B)Sharing a student's school records with parents upon their request
C)Asking students to write an essay test defending their choice of political party
D)Putting a star on a large wall chart every time a student earns an A on a weekly quiz