Deck 7: Atoms and Spectra

Question 1

A plot of the continuous spectra of five different stars is shown in the figure below.Based on these spectra,which of the stars is the hottest?

A) Star A
B) Star B
C) Star C
D) Star D
E) Star E

Answer 1

Star A

Question 2

An atom can be ionized by ____ it.

A) removing electrons from
B) adding an electron to
C) removing a proton from
D) Either answer "a" or "b"

Answer 2

Either answer "a" or "b"

Question 3

The most massive part of the atom is(are)the ____ which has(have)a ____ charge.

A) electrons,negative
B) nucleus,negative
C) electrons,positive
D) nucleus,positive

Answer 3

nucleus,positive

Question 4

The constant $\sigma$ in the Stefan-Boltzmann law is equal to ,so that 5.67*10 ^{- 4} J of energy is radiated each second by one square meter of a star whose temperature is 10,000 $\degree$ K.How much energy is radiated each second by one square meter of a star whose temperature is 5,000 $\degree$ ?

A) 5.67*10 ^{- 2} J
B) 5.67*10 ^{- 3} J
C) 5.67*10 ^{- 4} J
D) 1.42*10 ^{- 4} J
E) 1.42*10 ^{- 1} J

Question 5

The nucleus is made of ____

A) electrons only.
B) protons only.
C) neutrons only.
D) a and b,usually
E) b and c,usually

Question 6

Absolute zero is

A) zero degrees Celsius.
B) the temperature at which atoms have no remaining energy from which we can extract heat.
C) the temperature at which water freezes.
D) both a and c
E) none of the above

Question 7

NARRBEGIN: Diagram 07-01
Diagram 7-1 NARREND
In Diagram 7-1,which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the shortest wavelength?

A) Transition 1
B) Transition 2
C) Transition 3
D) Transition 4
E) Transition 5

Question 8

A(n)____ contains two or more atoms that are bound together by sharing electrons with each other.

A) nucleus
B) ion
C) proton
D) electron cloud
E) molecule

Question 9

One star has a temperature of 10,000 K and another star has a temperature of 5000 K Compared to the cooler star,how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter of its surface?

A) 16 times
B) 2 times
C) 1*10¹⁶ times
D) 625 times
E) 6.3*10¹⁴ times

Question 10

An atom that is excited

A) is also ionized.
B) is an isotope.
C) has had its electron moved to the lowest energy level.
D) can emit a photon when the electron moves to a lower energy level.
E) can emit a photon when the electron moves to a higher energy level.

Question 11

The number of ____ in the nucleus determines what element the nucleus is.

A) protons
B) electrons
C) neutrons
D) None of these determines the element
E) All of these determines the element

Question 12

The lowest energy level in an atom is

A) the absolute zero temperature.
B) the ground state.
C) the ionization level.
D) responsible for Doppler shifts.
E) the energy level from which the Paschen Series of hydrogen originates.

Question 13

The sun has a surface temperature of approximately 5,800 K.At what wavelength does the maximum energy radiated by the sun occur?

A) 5,800 nm
B) 300 nm
C) 174 nm
D) 520 nm
E) 3,000 nm

Question 14

At what wavelength would a star radiate the greatest amount of energy if the star has a surface temperature of 10,000 K?

A) 10 nm
B) 100 nm
C) 300 nm
D) 1.0*10⁴ nm
E) 3.0*10¹⁰ nm

Question 15

The radiation emitted from a star has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 500 nm.What is the temperature of this star?

A) 6,000 K
B) 5,000 K
C) 1.5*10⁹ K
D) 500 K
E) 10,000 K

Question 16

The neutral hydrogen atom consists of

A) one proton and one neutron.
B) one proton.
C) one proton,one neutron,and one electron.
D) one proton and one electron.
E) an isotope and an ion.

Question 17

NARRBEGIN: Diagram 07-01
Diagram 7-1 NARREND
In Diagram 7-1,which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the smallest energy?

A) Transition 1
B) Transition 2
C) Transition 3
D) Transition 4
E) Transition 5

Question 18

The process of making an electron less tightly bound to an atom's nucleus is known as

A) excitation.
B) Doppler broadening.
C) collisional broadening.
D) a red shift.
E) quantum mechanics.

Question 19

At what wavelength would a star radiate the greatest amount of energy if the star has a surface temperature of 60,000 K?

A) 50 nm
B) 500 nm
C) 300 nm
D) 1.8*10¹¹ nm
E) 180 nm

Question 20

The radiation emitted from a star has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 300 nm.What is the temperature of this star?

A) 300 K
B) 100 K
C) 900,000,000 K
D) 90,000 K
E) 10,000 K

Question 21

The bluer the light,the ____ each photon contains.

A) More energy
B) Less energy
C) Less speed
D) None speed
E) None of the above.

Question 22

The Doppler effect states that the motion of any object can

A) shift the wavelength of spectral lines.
B) change the speed of light emitted from the object.
C) enhance the chemical composition of the object.
D) make the object appear hotter.
E) make the object appear cooler.

Question 23

Suppose the laboratory wavelength of a spectral line is 600 nm.In a star it is measured to be 599.4 nm.Is the star moving toward or away from us,relative to the line of sight? How fast is it moving? (Hint: c=300,000 km/s)..

A) toward,300 km/s
B) away,300 km/s
C) at rest,0 km/s
D) sideways,300 km/s
E) toward,150 km/s

Question 24

The two most abundant elements in the sun are

A) nitrogen and oxygen.
B) hydrogen and helium.
C) sulfur and iron.
D) carbon and hydrogen.
E) carbon and nitrogen.

Question 25

If light from a star passes from an excited low density gas seen against the dark background of space to your telescope and spectroscope,____ spectrum results.

A) a dark (absorption)line
B) a bright (emission)line
C) continuous

Question 26

Which of the following cannot be determined from the spectrum of a star?

A) chemical composition
B) surface temperature
C) radial (along line of sight)velocity
D) tangential (perpendicular to line of sight)velocity
E) Both c and d

Question 27

If a light-emitting object is moving away from you,you observe its wavelengths to be ________ its wavelengths if it were at rest..

A) longer than
B) shorter than
C) the same as

Question 28

Two white dwarf stars are the same size,but one has a surface temperature twice as hot as the other.The hotter star will radiate ...

A) half as much energy per second as the cooler star.
B) the same amount of energy per second as the cooler star.
C) four times as much energy per second as the cooler star.
D) sixteen times as much energy per second as the cooler star.

Question 29

Which of the following can be determined by using the Doppler Effect?

A) I & IV
B) II & III
C) II & IV
D) I & III
E) I,III,& IV

Question 30

The binding energy of the first level in an atom is 2.2*10 ^{- 18} J,and the binding energy of the second energy level is 1.6*0 ^{- 18} J.What is the energy of the photon that is emitted if an electron moves from the second level to the first?

A) 3.3*10^-18 J
B) 3.5*10^-36 J
C) 1.4 J
D) 3.5*10^-18 J
E) 6.0*10^-19 J

Question 31

You are standing near a railroad track and a train is moving toward you at 60 mph and blowing his horn.What will you notice as the train moves past you?

A) As the train approaches,the horn will sound lower in pitch than when it is moving away.
B) As the train approaches,the horn will sound higher in pitch than when it is moving away.
C) There will be no change in the pitch of the horn as it moves by.
D) The horn will get louder as the train moves away from me.
E) The horn will get quieter as the train moves toward me

Question 32

If continuous spectrum light from a star passes through a cool low density gas on its way to your telescope and spectroscope,____ spectrum on the continuous spectrum results.

A) a dark (absorption)line
B) a bright (emission)line
C) continuous

Question 33

A very bright UFO is seen near the moon's orbit.An astronomer takes a spectrum of it and discovers it has a bright line spectrum on a dark background.The earth's population is near panic when the astronomer announces the UFO is ...

A) a metal spacecraft.
B) a giant rock about to hit the earth.
C) a glowing cloud of gas.
D) a star like the sun.

Question 34

The H _- line has a wavelength of 434.0 nm when observed in the laboratory.If the H _- line appears in a stars spectrum at 434.5 nm,what is the radial velocity of the star?

A) 346 km/sec away from the observer
B) 346 km/sec toward the observer
C) 1.3*10⁸ m/sec away from the observer
D) 1.3*10⁸ m/sec toward the observer
E) The radial velocity of the star can not be determined from this information.

Question 35

The ____ of a gas is a measure of the average speed of the particles in the gas.

A) heat
B) composition
C) temperature
D) blue shift
E) binding energy

Question 36

Each element has its own set of characteristic absorption lines because

A) the temperature of each element can varies.
B) elements can exist in different forms of matter.
C) electron energy levels differ for each element.
D) each element has a different mass.
E) absorption lines depend upon the speed of the object.

Question 37

What is the order of star colors with increasing temperature?

A) Red,Yellow,Blue
B) Blue,Red,Yellow
C) Red,Blue,Yellow
D) Yellow,Red,Blue
E) Blue,Yellow,Red

Question 38

Which of the following is not a fundamental component of the atom?

A) proton
B) neutron
C) ion
D) electron

Question 39

The energy of a photon is proportional to the light's

A) wavelength.
B) speed.
C) frequency.
D) intensity.
E) Two of the above.

Question 40

The diagram illustrates a light source,a gas cloud,and three different lines of sight.Along which line of sight would an observer see an emission spectrum?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2 and 3
E) none of them

Question 41

The figure shows a color image of Betelgeuse,a red giant star.Which of the surface temperatures below best matches Betelgeuse's surface temperature? Hint: Our sun at 6000K is yellow.

A) 64,000 K
B) 32,000 K
C) 16,000 K
D) 8000 K
E) 2000 K

Question 42

____________________ is a measure of the amount of energy due to the motion of the particles in a gas,liquid,or solid.

Question 43

Blue stars are emit most of their energy at shorter wavelengths than red stars..

Question 44

Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons.

Question 45

The ____________________ of a star can be determined from its color.

Question 46

An atom is ionized if one of its electrons jumps to a higher energy level in the atom.

Question 47

The Doppler Effect is sensitive only to motion along the line of sight.

Question 48

Which one of the hydrogen atoms below is EMITTING light? The electron jumps from the ...

A) second energy level to first (most bound)
B) third energy level to fourth
C) fourth energy level to fifth
D) second energy level to third
E) first energy level to second

Question 49

Which one of the hydrogen atoms below is EMITTING light at a wavelength in the Balmer series?

A) second energy level to first (most bound)
B) third energy level to second
C) fourth energy level to third
D) second energy level to third
E) first energy level to second

Question 50

Blue stars are hotter than red stars.

Question 51

The nucleus of the hydrogen atom consists of a single neutron.

Question 52

The Lyman series lines of hydrogen all lie in the infrared.

Question 53

The process of removing an electron from a stable nucleus is known as ____________________.

Question 54

An atom that has lost an electron is called an ion.

Question 55

When the electrons in an atom are in their lowest possible energy levels,the atom is said to be in its ____________________ state.

Question 56

An absorption spectrum is also called a bright line spectrum.

Question 57

Hydrogen alpha is the longest wavelength Balmer line.

Question 58

The wavelength of the hydrogen line from level 1 to level 2 in a hot star is ____________ the wavelength of the same line in a cool star.The stars have the same radial velocities away from the earth.

A) larger than.
B) the same as
C) smaller than
D) not enough information to answer

Question 59

The hotter an object,the more blue it appears.

Question 60

In the diagram below,draw the transition that would emit a photon with the smallest wavelength.