Deck 11: Reflection of Meaning and Interpretationreframe: Helping the Clients Restory Their Lives

Question 1

The counselor used ____ during the interview with Travis.

A)​reflection of meaning
B)​open questions
C)​key word encouragers
D)all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Interpretation/reframing and reflection of meaning ____.

A)​are designed to help clients examine themselves from a new perspective
B)​seek implicit issues and meanings below the surface of conversation
C)​all of the above
D)are both skills and a strategies

Answer 2

C

Question 3

"I've been able to survive AIDS now for three years and my friends have been the thing that have kept me going. Being with them and their support and smiles has been the most important thing in the world for me."​Which of the following focuses most on meaning?

A)​"It's been hard, but you have been able to make it."
B)​"Being with friends and having their support has been the most important thing for you over these past three years."
C)​"Friends make all the difference."
D)"Sounds like you have many friends who have been truly helpful."

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Meaning ____.

A)​is the most important counseling skill
B)​is favored by cognitive-behavioral therapists as it gets at deeper issues
C)​often is found at the more explicit level in client conversation
D)often is found at the more implicit level in client conversation

Question 5

Which skill is most useful in working with an implicit level of speech and action?​

A)​Confrontation
B)​Reflection of meaning
C)​Reflection of feeling
D)Summarization

Question 6

Linking:​

A)​presents clients with a specific plan for action.
B)​connects clients with social networks.
C)​provides clients with new insights.
D)helps clients experience their feelings.

Question 7

Choose the BEST method for formulating and responding to the client with an interpretation/reframe.

A)​Match the client's behavior with the most appropriate microskill.
B)​Consider the ethnic and cultural background of the client.
C)​Draw conclusions from the client's nonverbal expression of feeling.
D)Provide a fresh look at the issue and link ideas or information.

Question 8

Which of the following is most closely associated with thoughts?​

A)​Reflection of meaning
B)​Reflection of feeling
C)​Summarization
D)Paraphrase

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE about Travis's divorce?

A)​He could benefit from further counseling.
B)​He will never make any mistakes in future relationships.
C)​All of the above
D)He was clear about the meaning of his divorce.

Question 10

Which of the following is an expected result when using reflection of meaning?

A)​The client will role-play personal stories and conflictive issues.
B)​The client will analyze deep-seated memories.
C)​The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth.
D)The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a predictable result when using reflection of meaning?​

A)​The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth.
B)​The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply.
C)​Clients may be able to discern life goals and visions for the future.
D)There is special emphasis on deeper meanings, values, and understanding.

Question 12

Which of the following is most closely associated with emotions?​

A)​Paraphrase
B)​Summarization
C)​Reflection of meaning
D)Reflection of feeling

Question 13

Spiritual issues in interviewing, counseling, and therapy are often rooted in ____.

A)​thoughts
B)​meanings
C)​behaviors
D)feelings

Question 14

Which of the following is not a question primarily oriented to meaning?​

A)​"Could you give me a specific example?"
B)​"What sense do you make of it?"
C)​"Why is that important to you?"
D)"What values underlie your actions?"

Question 15

Which is believed by the authors to be most central?

A)​Thoughts
B)​Feelings
C)​Meanings
D)Behaviors

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and meanings?​

A)​Thoughts and meanings are the most important dimensions.
B)​Behaviors and feelings are the most important dimensions.
C)​Any change in one dimension affects other dimensions.
D)These dimensions operate independently, and the counselor must clarify each one.

Question 17

Which of the following is most closely associated with values and beliefs?​

A)​Summarization
B)​Reflection of feeling
C)​Reflection of meaning
D)Paraphrase

Question 18

Reflecting meaning involves ________, while the interpretation/reframe implies ________.

A)​client topics; interviewer topics
B)​client direction; interviewer direction
C)​interviewer direction; client direction
D)interviewer topics; client topics

Question 19

Which key words are MOST closely associated with probing for meaning?

A)​All of the above
B)​Values, purpose, vision
C)​Emotion, affect, feelings
D)Do, doing, acting

Question 20

What, if anything, is the difference between interpretation and reframe?​

A)​Both focus on providing a new way of thinking for the client.
B)​There is no discernable difference.
C)​Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues.
D)Interpretation is new ways of thinking provided by the client; reframe is a new frame of reference provided by the interviewer.

Question 21

Discernment ____.

A)​is a value clarification process in which the client seeks to find meaning in life
B)​all of the above
C)​describes what helping professionals do when they work with clients at deeper levels of meaning
D)is "sifting through" our interior and exterior experiences to determine their origin

Question 22

Reflection of meaning and exploration will likely lead to ____.

A)​an increased awareness of the importance of meditation
B)​none of the above
C)​increase in neurons and neural connections in the specific place in the brain where we find morality and spirituality
D)the development of new neural connections in the brain

Question 23

Which one of the following client responses indicates that the client is considering life's meaning?​

A)​"I am hurt and I am angry."
B)​"How will I resolve this issue?"
C)​"I'm so confused; which plan should I follow?"
D)"What should I really be doing?"

Question 24

Taking action on life's meaning, according to logotherapists, is ____.

A)​something that requires constant careful thought and monitoring by the therapist
B)​not important because what we think of things is most important, rather than the way things really are
C)​a way to avoid facing the real meaning of what we do
D)central to the theory

Question 25

If you help your clients find a "why" through exploration of meaning, ____.

A)​they will often find their own "how" or way to achieve their objectives
B)​they will be open to the "how" directed by the interviewer
C)​finding the "how" is automatic
D)the "how" will often be discovered by the following session

Question 26

Which of the following best applies to Frankl's Logotherapy?

A)​Focus on the cultural, environmental, and contextual issues.
B)​Seek to discover how to deal with major life challenges.
C)​Search for meanings under thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
D)Search for meaning wherever we can find something important.

Question 27

To "hyper-reflect," one ____.

A)​transcends suffering through thinking of positive aspects of life
B)​thinks carefully about many alternatives thus demonstrating intentionality
C)​thinks of negative meanings for events in one's life and may overeat, drink to excess, or wallow in depression
D)reflects too many feelings and/or meanings to the client's detriment

Question 28

A reflection of meaning looks very much like a(n) ________ and ________ beyond what the client has to say.

A)​question; discerns
B)​encourager; moves
C)​paraphrase; focuses
D)summary; looks

Question 29

The vision quest is to Native Americans as ____ is to any client seeking meaning of their current life.

A)​hoping
B)​discernment
C)​resolving problems
D)career planning

Question 30

The founder of Logotherapy is:​

A)​Albert Ellis.
B)​Viktor Frankl.
C)​Carl Rogers.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 31

Individuals do not make meaning by themselves; they make meaning:​

A)​in a broader multicultural context.
B)​with the aid of a significant other.
C)​with the aid of a skilled counselor or interviewer.
D)in spite of a multitude of problems and issues.

Question 32

Which of the following is a key word used by interviewers to elicit meaning?​

A)​Cause
B)​All of the above
C)​Intent
D)Reasons

Question 33

Which question is most likely to bring out underlying client meaning issues?​

A)​"Could you tell me more?"
B)​"Could you share what sense you make of it?"
C)​"Could you explore that in more detail?"
D)"Could you share some specifics of what occurred?"

Question 34

Discernment is a strategy that may enable clients to ____.

A)​feel empowered to make decisions
B)​discover the underlying meaning of their problems
C)​develop a more positive attitude toward their past problems
D)discover deeper meanings and purpose in their lives and find a clearer direction for the future

Question 35

Reflection of meaning is most often associated with which theory?​

A)​Person-centered
B)​Behavioral
C)​Logotherapy
D)Psychodynamic

Question 36

"What significant life events have shaped your beliefs about life?" In which of the following constructs does this interviewer response BEST fit?​

A)​Reflection of feeling
B)​Reflection of meaning
C)​Eliciting meaning
D)Paraphrase

Question 37

Which of the following behaviors best describes the client who "hyper-reflects"?

A)​Thinks about things too much
B)​All of the above
C)​Overeats, drinks to excess, or wallows in depression
D)Focuses on the negative meaning of life experiences

Question 38

The process of discernment is ____.

A)​completely unrelated to the microskills
B)​a more systematic approach to finding meaning and purpose
C)​another term to describe interpretation/reframe
D)another term to describe reflection of meaning

Question 39

Which of the following best represents the contrast between interpretation and paraphrase, reflection of feeling, focusing, and reflection of meaning?​

A)​In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference.
B)​In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference.
C)​In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference.
D)In interpretation the interviewer remains in the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses an external theory as a reference.

Question 40

Which of the following questions would NOT be used as part of the discernment process?​

A)​"What sense do you make of your illness and the future?"
B)​"How does this rejection make you feel?"
C)​"What is the purpose of you working so hard?"
D)"What's been missing for you in your present life?"

Question 41

In linking, two or more ideas are brought together, providing the client with a new insight.

Question 42

Note the following client statement. Select which, in your opinion, are the key words. Generate a list of opposite words. If you find client opposite constructs, note them by underlining."It's difficult for me to talk about my fears. I just get so upset when I'm put on the spot by anyone. I feel like I'd like to make some changes, but I'm too scared to try. I don't know what sense to make of it. It seems I'm a person who believes justice and fairness are important. I try to be fair to everyone, but I don't succeed. That's when I get frightened. I see myself as a little person who is trying very hard. Why are others so unfair to me?"Again, as you make your list of important key words/constructs, generate a list of opposites and indicate which of the opposites are yours and which are the client's.

Question 43

Both the interpretation/reframe and reflection of meaning are central skills in helping clients gain a new perspective on themselves and their worlds.

Question 44

Point out through examples from your own experience how different people may experience the same event, but still attribute different meanings to that event. Make your examples specific and concrete.

Question 45

Discuss the relationship between thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and meanings as outlined by the authors. Which counseling skills are most likely related to each?

Question 46

Interpretation/reframing helps clients find new ways of thinking about their alternatives for action in which of the following theories?​

A)​Cognitive Behavioral Theory
B)​Person-Centered Theory
C)​Psychodynamic Theory
D)Decisional Theory

Question 47

When clients explore meaning issues, they struggle with defining the almost indefinable.

Question 48

Discuss how the skill of reflection of meaning might be made useful to people of varying cultural and religious traditions.

Question 49

Reflection of meaning helps clients find alternative ways of viewing the situation in which of the following theories?​

A)​Decisional Theory
B)​Psychodynamic Theory
C)​Cognitive Behavioral Theory
D)Person-Centered Theory

Question 50

Interpretation/reframing links ideas and enables the client to understand how unconscious past and long-term, deep-seated thoughts, feelings, and behaviors frame the here and now of daily client experience in which of the following theories?

A)​Psychodynamic Theory
B)​Decisional Theory
C)​Person-Centered Theory
D)Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Question 51

Write three probes that might elicit client meaning in the following client statement."I feel lost right now, terribly confused. I've done well in philosophy, but somehow the new course material is terrifying to me. I almost hate to go to class."

Question 52

Interpretation/reframing is useful in understanding what is going on in the client's mind and/or linking the client to how the environment affects thinking and behavior in which of the following theories?​

A)​Person-Centered Theory
B)​Cognitive Behavioral Theory
C)​Psychodynamic Theory
D)Decisional Theory

Question 53

The skill of reflection of meaning is generally for ____.

A)​clients who have a history of needing deeper understanding and emotional expression of relevant feelings, thoughts, and attitudes, which in turn may be manifested by unusual language patterns
B)​verbal clients
C)​severely disturbed clients
D)less verbal clients

Question 54

Which of the following is a key consideration of intentional interpretation/reframing?​

A)​Client's situation
B)​Supporting the client
C)​Client-focused purpose
D)All of the above

Question 55

According to the authors, reflection of meaning and interpretation/reframing are influencing skills that greatly facilitate the creation of new client perspectives.

Question 56

In interpretation/reframing, the frame of reference comes from the client.

Question 57

Only reflection of meaning can help clients find their "center of being in the world."​

Question 58

Which question would most effectively probe for meaning?​

A)​"Does it really matter?"
B)​"How could it be that way?"
C)​"Why is that important for you?"
D)"Why do you do that?"

Question 59

There seems to be a part of the brain that identifies spiritual experience, according to Ratey.​

Question 60

Outline how different theories use interpretation/reframe. Provide examples for each.

Question 61

How might you use discernment with clients in your professional work in interviewing and counseling?​