Deck 10: Personality Disorders

Question 1

The personality trait defined by levels of self-discipline and achievement-orientation is

A) extraversion.
B) agreeableness.
C) conscientiousness.
D) neuroticism.

Answer 1

conscientiousness.

Question 2

Which phrase does NOT describe a general feature of personality disorder?

A) an enduring pattern of experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture
B) a pattern of thinking, behaving, and feeling that is temporal and occurs only in specific situations but leads to discomfort in some area of functioning
C) enduring flexible pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
D) a pattern of behavior that is stable over time, and whose onset can be traced back to at least adolescence or early adulthood

Answer 2

a pattern of thinking, behaving, and feeling that is temporal and occurs only in specific situations but leads to discomfort in some area of functioning

Question 3

People with extreme levels of personality traits that cause great impairment in functioning, especially social and occupational functioning, may be diagnosed with a personality

A) malformation.
B) defect.
C) inadequacy.
D) disorder.

Answer 3

disorder.

Question 4

Personality disorders involve stable, long-standing, and ____ personality traits.

A) common
B) malleable
C) inflexible
D) unique

Question 5

Elsie is loving and works very hard to get along with others. On which personality trait is she likely to measure very high?

A) agreeableness
B) extraversion
C) openness to experience
D) neuroticism

Question 6

Which of the following is a key element of personality functioning that could be impaired according to the dimensional model in the DSM-5?

A) empathy
B) detachment
C) antagonism
D) negative affectivity

Question 7

People who have little interest in establishing or maintaining relationships with others and show little emotional expression may have

A) dependent personality disorder.
B) borderline personality disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) schizoid personality disorder.

Question 8

Which of the following is a personality trait that can be pathological according to the dimensional model in the DSM-5?

A) negative affectivity
B) detachment
C) antagonism
D) all of these choices

Question 9

The personality disorder known most for having very odd beliefs, extremely unusual behaviors and perceptions, and little if any interest in sexual experiences with others is

A) schizoid personality disorder.
B) delusional personality disorder.
C) odd/eccentric personality disorder.
D) schizotypal personality disorder.

Question 10

Persons who show extreme social detachment and isolation may have

A) dependent personality disorder.
B) borderline personality disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) schizoid personality disorder.

Question 11

Which of the following illustrates the affective component of a personality disorder?

A) Joan is certain that her husband is having an affair, even though there is no evidence and he has been absolutely faithful.
B) Mandy gets angry very easily, and then can turn around and be very loving the next minute.
C) Angela is always trying to be the center of attention, and often dresses inappropriately to accomplish this goal.
D) All of these choices.

Question 12

Andrea prefers extreme isolation and doesn't pursue any meaningful relationships. Additionally, she expresses little, if any, emotion and is not necessarily suspicious of others. These behaviors are consistent with

A) schizoid personality disorder.
B) paranoid personality disorder.
C) withdrawn personality disorder.
D) normal, non-deviant behavior.

Question 13

Henry has paranoid personality disorder and sometimes has difficulties at work and home because he can be

A) highly argumentative.
B) hostile.
C) sarcastic.
D) all of these choices.

Question 14

The organization of personality disorders into three clusters is ____ in nature.

A) dimensional
B) categorical
C) linear
D) circular

Question 15

The cluster of personality disorders that includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic is referred to as the ____ cluster.

A) odd/eccentric/aberrant
B) dramatic/erratic/emotional
C) anxious/fearful
D) psychosomatic/psychobiological

Question 16

The personality trait that includes active imagination and sensitivity is

A) extraversion.
B) agreeableness.
C) neuroticism.
D) openness.

Question 17

The primary organizational system used by DSM-5 for personality disorders is best described as a(n) ____ system.

A) dimensional
B) categorical
C) exclusionary
D) individualistic

Question 18

Jason suspects that others are harming him. He chronically doubts the loyalty of others, is afraid to confide in others, is unforgiving, and bears grudges against people. He suspects that his girlfriend is cheating on him. He fits the features of

A) paranoid personality disorder.
B) schizoid personality disorder.
C) borderline personality disorder.
D) avoidant personality disorder.

Question 19

Individuals with personality disorders are likely to have begun demonstrating symptoms

A) in childhood.
B) in middle age.
C) in their 30s.
D) only following trauma.

Question 20

Odd or eccentric personality disorders include the ____ disorders.

A) unconscious, introverted, and schizoid
B) schizoid, intermediate, and adverse
C) paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal
D) perverse, atypical, and paranoid

Question 21

Race and ethnicity ____ important to consider when assessing a client for an odd or eccentric personality disorder.

A) are
B) may be
C) are not
D) can be

Question 22

Billy has been experiencing discomfort in situations where he is not the center of attention. He displays emotions that shift rapidly and often seem shallow. He makes others feel uncomfortable with his inappropriately provocative style of interaction. Billy has many of the hallmarks of ____ personality disorder.

A) histrionic
B) narcissistic
C) borderline
D) neurotic

Question 23

Susan has symptoms involving criminal acts, repeated lying, irritability and aggressiveness, disregard for the safety of others, and chronic irresponsibility. She is displaying behavior consistent with

A) histrionic personality disorder.
B) narcissistic personality disorder.
C) dependent personality disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 24

Your roommate is very upset because her parents have called and informed her that her brother has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. When you ask her what kind, she says, "I don't know. They just said it was in the odd/eccentric cluster. What kind does that mean?" Although you don't know for sure what her brother's diagnosis is, you should tell her that ____ personality disorder is the most prevalent of the disorders in that particular cluster.

A) borderline
B) schizotypal
C) paranoid
D) schizoid

Question 25

The dramatic personality disorders include the ____ personality disorders.

A) antisocial, impulsive, and dependent
B) narcissistic, histrionic, and defensive
C) histrionic, borderline, and antisocial
D) borderline, overreactive, and unstable

Question 26

People with schizotypal personality disorder are most likely to seek treatment for

A) anxiety or mood disorders.
B) schizophrenic medication.
C) schizoaffective personality traits.
D) eccentric personality traits.

Question 27

A pattern of behaviors that reflects extreme disregard for and violation of the rights of others are hallmark features of

A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) histrionic personality disorder.
C) narcissistic personality disorder.
D) schizophrenic personality disorder.

Question 28

People with ____ display pervasive and excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behaviors.

A) narcissistic personality disorder
B) histrionic personality disorder
C) borderline personality disorder
D) dependent personality disorder

Question 29

Racial and ethnic differences ____ prominent in personality disorders.

A) are
B) may be
C) are not
D) can be

Question 30

James not only seeks constant attention, but he additionally seems excessively emotional regarding his own importance. In addition, he has an intense need to be loved, desired, and involved with others on an intimate basis. He most likely has

A) non-reciprocating self-indulgence disorder.
B) ego mania personality disorder.
C) histrionic personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 31

Little remorse or guilt, poor behavioral control, arrogance, superficial charm, exploitativeness, and lack of empathy all describe

A) psychoanalysis.
B) psychopathy.
C) psychodynamics.
D) psychotropism.

Question 32

Self-harm is a common feature of which personality disorder?

A) narcissistic personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) psychotic personality disorder
D) neurotic personality disorder

Question 33

People who display grandiosity, a need for admiration, and lack of empathy for others likely have which personality disorder?

A) histrionic personality disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) dependent personality disorder

Question 34

In borderline personality disorder, the term "borderline" describes a traditional view of this disorder as being

A) near the border of full-blown madness.
B) on the border of neurosis and psychosis.
C) restricted and unable to be expressed.
D) nondescript and ambiguous.

Question 35

Evidence of ____ before age 15 years is required for a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder.

A) depression
B) anxiety
C) conduct disorder
D) psychopathy

Question 36

Ideas of reference, where a person believes everyday events somehow involve him or her when actually they do not, are most characteristic of which personality disorder?

A) borderline
B) histrionic
C) narcissistic
D) schizotypal

Question 37

Many people with ____ personality disorder have extreme social anxiety, perhaps paranoia, and are odd, eccentric, and peculiar in their behavior or appearance.

A) schizophrenic personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) schizotypal personality disorder
D) schizoaffective personality disorder

Question 38

Many people with ____ have unusual ideas, beliefs, and communication patterns. They misinterpret or overpersonalize events, have unusual ideas that influence their behavior, and have difficulty being understood by others.

A) schizophrenic personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) schizotypal personality disorder
D) schizoaffective personality disorder type I

Question 39

According to your textbook, odd or eccentric personality disorders are comorbid with all of the following EXCEPT for

A) ADHD.
B) psychotic disorders.
C) depressive disorders.
D) somatic symptom disorders.

Question 40

Jane has been struggling with anger control and impulsivity. She has made extreme attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment, and often displays suicidal behavior. She constantly feels empty. Jane appears to meet the criteria for

A) narcissistic personality disorder.
B) histrionic personality disorder.
C) borderline personality disorder.
D) dependent personality disorder.

Question 41

The term "control freak" has often been directed toward people with ____ personality disorder.

A) power-dominant
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) detail-oriented
D) narcissistic

Question 42

The disorder that involves a pervasive, excessive need to be cared for, leading to submissiveness, clinging behavior, and fear of separation is

A) borderline personality disorder.
B) anxious/fearful personality disorder.
C) avoidant personality disorder.
D) dependent personality disorder.

Question 43

Expressions of autonomy and self-reliance are valued more in ____ societies, which may make people in these cultures more prone to diagnosis of ____ personality disorder.

A) northern; histrionic
B) southern; obsessive-compulsive
C) eastern; antisocial
D) western; dependent

Question 44

Because many people are conscientious, devoted to their work, organized, and perfectionistic, mental health professionals must be careful not to misdiagnose

A) histrionic personality disorder.
B) narcissistic personality disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
D) perfectionism disorder.

Question 45

Psychiatric comorbidity is ____ when assessing dramatic personality disorders.

A) not a factor
B) marginally frequent
C) highly frequent
D) always found

Question 46

Interestingly, many people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are successful at

A) relationships.
B) parenting.
C) their career.
D) all of these choices.

Question 47

Individuals with personality disorders may experience increased stigmatization due to their

A) intense emotions and rigid habits.
B) impulsive behavior and lack of emotion.
C) high self-esteem and defensiveness.
D) intense emotions and impulsive behavior.

Question 48

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder can best be described as

A) rigid.
B) insecure.
C) self-absorbed.
D) rigid, insecure, and self-absorbed.

Question 49

Based upon clinical studies, more ____ than ____ meet criteria for borderline personality disorder.

A) men; women
B) women; men
C) children; adults
D) adults; children

Question 50

Which example of stigma is the most problematic for people with borderline personality disorder?

A) Employers are afraid they will not be reliable, and tend to not offer them jobs.
B) Family members believe they aren't trustworthy, and rarely allow them to stay in the home.
C) Mental health professionals expect them to be manipulative patients, and withdraw emotionally.
D) Friends feel they will be socially awkward, and fail to offer invitations to them for parties.

Question 51

Because of their worrying, indecision, and stress, people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may be prone to various

A) physical and anxiety disorders.
B) somatoform and histrionic disorders.
C) personality and physical disorders.
D) cognitive and psychotic disorders.

Question 52

Otto displays a pervasive and extreme need to be taken care of, which leads to a clingy behavior, submissiveness, and separation anxiety. Otto is displaying behavior consistent with ____ personality disorder.

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) overconfident
D) anxious-high need

Question 53

Which of the following children is most likely to develop a personality disorder?

A) Susie, who has adequate relationships with peers
B) Jeff, who has a negative sense of self
C) Michelle, who is overly concerned for others' needs
D) Mike, who is highly emotionally expressive

Question 54

The most frequently diagnosed personality disorder in inpatient and outpatient settings is

A) narcissistic personality disorder.
B) histrionic personality disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) borderline personality disorder.

Question 55

Idealism is characteristic of many adolescents and young adults and should not be taken for the traits and behaviors of narcissistic personality disorder. In addition, not all mental health professionals worldwide recognize narcissistic personality disorder. This means the disorder is

A) controversial.
B) unidimensional.
C) invalid.
D) undiagnosable.

Question 56

People with narcissistic personality disorder who seem to have high self-confidence and self-esteem are actually

A) reserved and withdrawn.
B) vulnerable to real or perceived threats to their status.
C) depressed and anxious at the same time.
D) suffering from comorbidity.

Question 57

Histrionic personality disorder is more prevalent among women, but ____ must also be considered to determine whether a certain behavior indicates this disorder.

A) age and sexuality
B) culture, gender, and age norms
C) marital status
D) age and marital status

Question 58

Clark avoids jobs in situations that require significant interpersonal contact with others. Coworkers and acquaintances see him as being shy. He is afraid of being embarrassed or rejected by others. If he were to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, what would his diagnosis most likely be?

A) dependent personality disorder
B) narcissistic personality disorder
C) avoidant personality disorder
D) histrionic personality disorder

Question 59

Anxious/fearful personality disorders are often comorbid with

A) all other DSM disorders.
B) anxiety and mood disorders and schizophrenia.
C) mood, anxiety, and somatic symptom disorders.
D) a host of physical anomalies.

Question 60

When extreme anxiety, feelings of inadequacy, and social hypersensitivity are experienced by an individual, the clinician may suspect ____ personality disorder.

A) dependent
B) anxious/ambivalent
C) withdrawn
D) avoidant

Question 61

Anxious/fearful personality disorders have ____ predispositions.

A) negligible
B) modest
C) moderate
D) marked

Question 62

Which of the following cognitions is associated with schizotypal personality disorder?

A) "I can't trust others."
B) "Others are always trying to hide their real motives."
C) "Privacy is more important than closeness to me."
D) All of these choices.

Question 63

Adult psychopathy and conduct disorder in boys are associated with

A) diminished occipital lobe development.
B) diminished brain size in areas related to moral development.
C) larger than normal brain ventricles.
D) inconsistent corpus callosum development.

Question 64

Various parent-child relationships, including one where parental love and attention depends on the child's attractiveness and sexual provocativeness, likely influence the development of

A) borderline personality disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) narcissistic personality disorder.
D) histrionic personality disorder.

Question 65

Problems in which neurotransmitter system are most closely associated with avoidant/fearful personality disorders?

A) serotonin
B) GABA
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine

Question 66

Which personality disorder appears to share a common genetic risk with schizophrenia?

A) schizotypal
B) paranoid
C) schizoid
D) schizoaffective

Question 67

Psychosocial theories of ____ primarily focused on underlying feelings of inadequacy that drive one to seek recognition from others.

A) borderline personality disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) histrionic personality disorder

Question 68

Dramatic personality disorders have a moderate

A) social trauma basis.
B) parenting style causation.
C) lack of information regarding cause.
D) genetic predisposition.

Question 69

Dramatic personality disorders are closely related to

A) limited childhood stress.
B) inconsistent parenting.
C) child maltreatment.
D) nutritional deficiencies.

Question 70

People who score high on measures of impulsivity and aggression likely have a(n) ____ threshold for action and often act without deliberating.

A) rigid
B) low
C) medium
D) high

Question 71

Anthony is naturally anxious, introverted, and lacking in confidence. If he is subjected to recurring situations of rejection, embarrassment, or humiliation, what personality disorder would he be most at risk for?

A) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
B) avoidant personality disorder
C) dependent personality disorder
D) borderline personality disorder

Question 72

Affective instability in dramatic personality disorders is likely related to ____ to fluctuations in the ____ neurotransmitter system.

A) undersensitivity; dopaminergic
B) oversensitivity; dopaminergic
C) undersensitivity; noradrenergic
D) oversensitivity; noradrenergic

Question 73

Which family characteristic is associated with increased risk of odd/eccentric personality disorders?

A) supportive but demanding parenting
B) parental warmth
C) parental withdrawal
D) authoritative parenting

Question 74

The belief that genetics may set the stage for cognitive and perceptual problems important in odd or eccentric personality disorders, especially schizotypal personality disorder, is consistent with the

A) psychological theory of personality disorders.
B) biological theory of personality disorders.
C) psychobiological theory of personality disorders.
D) psychosocial theory of personality disorders.

Question 75

Dramatic personality disorders are likely caused by ____ predispositions and ____.

A) genetic; family-based stressors
B) environmental; biological factors
C) biological; socioeconomic factors
D) genetic; academic stressors

Question 76

Which factor is often described as setting the stage for cognitive and perceptual problems important in odd or eccentric personality disorders, especially schizotypal personality disorder?

A) socioeconomic status
B) genetics
C) medications
D) academia

Question 77

Odd or eccentric personality disorders are likely caused by

A) genetic predisposition as well as stressors.
B) family as well as extended family.
C) cultureas well as genetic predispositions.
D) all of these choices.

Question 78

Childhood sexual maltreatment and poor parental bonding with a child are sometimes precursors to

A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) psychophysical disorders.
C) biological disorders.
D) borderline personality disorder.

Question 79

Clint has an odd/eccentric personality disorder. As a child, he had unusual cognitions and behaviors that may have been associated with

A) serotonin dysfunction.
B) GABA dysfunction.
C) family dysfunction.
D) dopamine dysfunction.

Question 80

Jules has inherited a neurobiological vulnerability involving her noradrenergic and GABA neurotransmitter systems. Which personality disorder is she at greatest risk for?

A) obsessive-compulsive
B) narcissistic
C) schizotypal
D) histrionic