Deck 32: Franklin D Roosevelt and the Shadow of War

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of Adolf Hitler.

Answer 1

Fascist dictator of Germany who initiated WWII and set the Holocaust in motion.

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of totalitarianism.

Answer 2

A political philosophy that diminishes the value of the individual and elevates the importance of the state.

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of appeasement.

Answer 3

The failed policy of granting concessions to Japan and Germany to avoid war.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of Winston Churchill.

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of Charles Lindbergh.

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of isolationism.

Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of George Gallup.

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of fascism.

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of Francisco Franco.

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the St. Louis.

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of Cordell Hull.

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of Benito Mussolini.

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act.

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of Joseph Stalin.

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the Good Neighbor policy.

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of Josef Goebbels.

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of the Nazi party.

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of Wendell Willkie.

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of the London Economic Conference.

Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of Japanese militarism and the "China incident" of 1937.

Question 22

Identify and state the historical significance of the Nazi-Soviet pact (Hitler-Stalin pact).

Question 23

Identify and state the historical significance of the Kristallnacht.

Question 24

Identify and state the historical significance of the Holocaust.

Question 25

Identify and state the historical significance of the Battle of Britain.

Question 26

Identify and state the historical significance of theCommittee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies.

Question 27

Identify and state the historical significance of the Munich Conference.

Question 28

Identify and state the historical significance of the Johnson Debt Default Act.

Question 29

Identify and state the historical significance of the destroyers-for-bases deal.

Question 30

Identify and state the historical significance of "Quarantine Speech".

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of "phony war".

Question 32

Identify and state the historical significance of the Spanish Civil War.

Question 33

Identify and state the historical significance of the Atlantic Charter.

Question 34

Identify and state the historical significance of "merchants of death".

Question 35

Identify and state the historical significance of the War Refugee Board.

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of "cash-and-carry basis".

Question 37

Identify and state the historical significance of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937.

Question 38

Identify and state the historical significance of the invasion of Ethiopia.

Question 39

Identify and state the historical significance of the Rome-Berlin axis.

Question 40

Identify and state the historical significance of the America First Committee.

Question 41

President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign-trade policy

A) lowered tariffs to increase trade.
B) encouraged trade only with Latin America.
C) continued the policy that had persisted since the Civil War.
D) was reversed only after World War II.
E) sought protection for key U.S. industries through high tariffs with competitive European and Latin American countries.

Question 42

As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt developed more generous policies of

A) encouraging Mexican immigration into the United States.
B) removing American controls on Haiti, Cuba, and Panama.
C) supporting Latin American strongmen in Argentina and Brazil.
D) returning the Guantanamo naval base to Cuban control.
E) moving Puerto Rico toward its independence.

Question 43

Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly

A) in order to win support from American Catholics.
B) because the Soviet leadership seemed to be modifying its harsher communist policies.
C) in hope of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany.
D) to win favor with American liberals and leftists.
E) to import grain from the Ukraine for Americans left hungry from the Great Depression.

Question 44

Identify and state the historical significance of Pearl Harbor.

Question 45

Throughout most of the 1930s, majorities of the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by

A) pressuring President Roosevelt to provide American military aid to the victims of fascist aggression.
B) giving generous economic and humanitarian help to the victims of fascist aggression.
C) advocating the U.S. sign a mutual military defense agreement with Great Britain and France.
D) demanding an oil embargo on all warring nations.
E) retreating further into isolationism.

Question 46

As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's withdrawal from the London Economic Conference

A) inflation in the United States was reduced.
B) the United States was voted out of the League of Nations.
C) tensions rose between the United States and Britain.
D) the United States began to pull out of the Depression.
E) the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened.

Question 47

The net effect of most of Franklin Roosevelt's foreign policy moves in his first term in office suggested that

A) the United States was developing a strong defense perimeter across the northern Atlantic Ocean.
B) the United States was willing to accommodate Stalin's Soviet Union but not Hitler's Germany.
C) the United States was tilting toward engagement with undeveloped nations rather than with the Western world.
D) the United States was giving up ambitions to be a world power and concentrating on the Western hemisphere.
E) Americans would be economically but not diplomatically engaged with the rest of the world.

Question 48

Identify and state the historical significance of the Lend-Lease Law.

Question 49

From 1925 to 1940, the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence

A) embargo to lend-lease to cash-and-carry.
B) cash-and-carry to lend-lease to embargo.
C) lend-lease to cash-and-carry to embargo.
D) embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease.
E) lend-lease to embargo to cash-and-carry.

Question 50

By the mid-1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to

A) prohibit excessive profits from being made off of arms sales to foreign countries.
B) limit a president to two terms.
C) remove the power to declare from the Congress and grant it to the president.
D) require the president to gain Congressional approval before sending U.S. troops overseas.
E) forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum.

Question 51

Liberal and left-wing Americans reacted to General Franco's efforts to stage a fascist coup and overthrow the Republic in Spain by

A) supporting Franco and his rebels.
B) recruiting thousands of men and women as volunteers to fight Franco in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
C) renouncing their American citizenship when the U.S. government decided to remain strictly neutral in the Spanish Civil War.
D) meekly accepting and following the neutrality policy of the U.S. government concerning the Spanish Civil War.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 52

Identify and state the historical significance of Burton Wheeler.

Question 53

In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the United States was

A) motivated by treaty obligations.
B) providing the Philippines with long-term economic terms and assistance necessary to assure a smooth transition to political independence.
C) acknowledging the view of the U.S. Navy that the islands were militarily indefensible.
D) providing tacit encouragement to Japanese militarists who eyed the Philippines as a target for their imperialist ambitions in Asia and the Pacific.
E) acknowledging an official U.S. government apology for America's imperialist takeover of the islands in 1898.

Question 54

Franklin Roosevelt undermined the London Economic Conference because

A) its members insisted on rigid adherence to the gold standard.
B) any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from the Great Depression.
C) such an agreement would involve the United States militarily with the League of Nations.
D) the delegates refused to work on reviving international trade.
E) it was dominated by British and Swiss bankers.

Question 55

President Franklin Roosevelt embarked on the Good Neighbor policy in part because

A) he perceived this new policy as a logical extension of his cousin Theodore Roosevelt's Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
B) Congress had repealed the Monroe Doctrine.
C) he feared the spread of communism in the region.
D) the policy was part of the neutrality stance taken by the United States.
E) he was eager to enlist Latin American allies to defend the Western Hemisphere against dictators.

Question 56

One internationalist action by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office was

A) the formal recognition of the Soviet Union.
B) joining the League of Nations.
C) establishing military bases in China.
D) his support of the Tydings-McDuffie Act.
E) his commitment to Philippine independence.

Question 57

Americans' fervent isolationism in the 1930s can best be attributed to

A) their regrets about participating in WWI.
B) bitter memories of the ungrateful nations that defaulted on their WWI debts.
C) the totalizing impact of the Great Depression and the need to focus on getting out of it.
D) the failure of most Americans to appreciate the gravity of the prospective threat to American national security posed by the militaristic, expansionist forces being harnessed during the 1930s by the Fascist dictators of Germany, Japan, and Italy.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 58

Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's invasion of ____, Hitler's invasion of ____, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of ____.

A) Egypt; France; Poland
B) Albania; Italy; Austria
C) Ethiopia; Czechoslovakia; Spain
D) Belgium; the Soviet Union; France
E) Ethiopia; Norway; Portugal

Question 59

Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the United States resulted in all of the following EXCEPT

A) abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas.
B) a decline in the Navy and other armed forces.
C) making no distinction between aggressors and victims.
D) spurring aggressors along their path of conquest.
E) balancing the geopolitical and economic scales between fascist nations and U.S. democratic allies by prohibiting the United States from trading with either group of nations.

Question 60

America's neutrality policy during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 contributed to

A) Hitler conquering Spain and establishing Nazi occupation of Spain during World War II.
B) the Loyalists from winning the war.
C) Roosevelt and Francisco Franco becoming personal friends and strategic allies.
D) the Soviets successfully defending the Spanish Republic from Spanish fascist forces.
E) Spain becoming a Fascist dictatorship after Franco's victory.

Question 61

In 1940, in exchange for American destroyers, the British gave the United States

A) "most favored nation" trade status.
B) a role in developing the atomic bomb.
C) eight valuable naval bases in the Western Hemisphere.
D) $10 million dollars.
E) six air bases in Scotland and Iceland.

Question 62

The 1941 Lend-Lease program was all of the following EXCEPT

A) a focus of intense debate between internationalists and isolationists.
B) a direct challenge to the Axis dictators.
C) the point when all pretense of American neutrality was abandoned.
D) the catalyst that caused American factories to prepare for all-out war production.
E) another privately arranged executive deal between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill, like the destroyers-for-bases trade.

Question 63

The surprise Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was

A) Wendell L. Willkie.
B) Robert A. Taft.
C) Thomas E. Dewey.
D) Alfred E. Landon.
E) Charles A. Lindbergh.

Question 64

By June 1940, a strong majority of American public opinion had come to favor

A) the America First position of keeping America out of the European war at all costs.
B) declaring war on Nazi Germany and sending American troops to aid the Allies in fighting the Nazis.
C) permitting U.S. volunteers to fight in Britain.
D) seeking a peaceful accommodation with Adolf Hitler over Europe that accepted the fall of France.
E) providing Britain with "all aid short of war," at the risk of armed hostilities with Germany.

Question 65

____ Jewish refugees from Nazism were admitted to the United States during the 1930s.

A) About one million
B) Zero
C) Nearly six million
D) A paltry sum of about 150,000
E) Only highly educated and highly skilled

Question 66

By mid-1941, Japan believed that it had no alternative to war with the United States because President Franklin Roosevelt

A) was committed to Britain and Holland retaining their colonial assets and economic power in the Dutch East Indies.
B) had in 1941 imposed a freezing of assets and a cessation of all shipments and other critical raw materials in an effort to persuade Japan to withdraw from China.
C) demanded Japan renew its trade with America.
D) break its treaty of nonaggression with Germany.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 67

When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the United States

A) promised aid to the Soviets but did not deliver.
B) refused to provide any military or economic assistance.
C) gave only nonmilitary aid to Russia.
D) made lend-lease aid available to the Soviets.
E) sent U.S. ships to Soviet naval bases.

Question 68

Those opposed to the Lend-Lease program, such as members of America First Committee, were PRIMARILY motivated by a fear that

A) the countries borrowing funds of America to purchase arms and material would default on their debt.
B) America's strict neutrality in the European war had been breached.
C) Lend-Lease would eventually draw the nation into the war itself.
D) the program would become rife with corruption and cronyism.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 69

America's attempt to remain neutral in the war between the Axis powers and the Allies came to an end when

A) Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
B) Germany attacked Poland.
C) the conscription law was passed in 1940.
D) France fell to Germany.
E) Italy "stabbed France in the back."

Question 70

Congress's first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to

A) revoke all the neutrality laws.
B) expand naval patrols in the Atlantic.
C) enact a new neutrality law enabling the Allies to buy American war materials on a cash-and-carry basis.
D) call for the quarantining of aggressor nations.
E) pass a conscription law.

Question 71

After the Greer was fired upon, the Kearny crippled, and the Reuben James sunk in the fall of 1941

A) Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act.
B) the U.S. Navy stopped escorting merchant vessels carrying lend-lease shipments.
C) Congress prohibited the arming of U.S. merchant vessels.
D) Congress forbade United States ships to enter combat zones.
E) Congress voted to weaken substantially the terms of the Neutrality Act of 1939 to permit armed merchant ship to deliver munitions to Britain.

Question 72

Franklin Roosevelt's sensational Quarantine Speech in 1937 resulted in

A) a belief in Europe that America would stop fascist aggression at any cost.
B) a wave of protest by isolationists.
C) support from both Democratic and Republican leaders.
D) a slowing of Japanese aggression in China.
E) a modification of the Neutrality Acts.

Question 73

In 1940, Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie avoided deepening the sharp divisions among the American people when he

A) avoided attacking the New Deal.
B) refused to raise the racial issue.
C) declined to criticize Roosevelt for seeking a third term.
D) avoided attacking the draft.
E) avoided attacking Roosevelt for his increasingly interventionist policies.

Question 74

In September 1938, at the Munich Conference,

A) Britain and France consented to Germany forcibly acquiring the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in exchange for a promise by Hitler to renounce any further German territorial claims on Europe.
B) Hitler declared his intention to take Austria.
C) Hitler signed the Axis Alliance Treaty with Japan.
D) Britain and France acquiesced to the German reoccupation of the Rhineland.
E) the leaders of Britain and France were determined not to cede additional European lands to Hitler.

Question 75

Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term as president in 1940 mainly by his

A) personal desire to defeat his old political rival, Wendell Willkie.
B) belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis.
C) belief that the two-term tradition was contrary to democratic principles enshrined in the Constitution.
D) opposition to Willkie's pledge to restore a strict policy of American neutrality.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 76

Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union in August 1939

A) Britain and France signed a similar agreement.
B) the Soviets attacked China.
C) Germany invaded Poland and started World War II.
D) Italy signed a similar agreement with the Soviets.
E) the Germans invaded Finland.

Question 77

The era of informal polling techniques came to an end and was replaced by more scientifically based systems

A) that relied on the records of automobile registrations and telephone directories to determine the proper demographic samples of Americans who polled about their views on political affairs.
B) after a popular news magazine in 1936 mistakenly predicted Alf Landon the winner in the presidential election over FDR.
C) when television began to play an increasingly important role in forecasting elections.
D) when advertisers decided that polling was useless for the purposes of marketing.
E) after a popular new magazine in 1940 mistakenly predicted that Republican presidential nominee Wendell Willkie over FDR.

Question 78

The event that shook Americans to the core and moved them to shift politically in support of a making a substantial political and military effort against Hitler's aggression in Europe was

A) the fall of France.
B) Hitler's armies overrunning Denmark and Norway.
C) Germany's nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union.
D) the invasion of Poland.
E) the fear of a union between Japan and Germany.

Question 79

Which of the following nations was NOT conquered by Hitler's Germany between September 1939 and June 1940?

A) Norway
B) the Netherlands
C) France
D) Poland
E) Finland

Question 80

One of the few successful wartime American efforts to save Jews from perishing in the Holocaust came when

A) Americans helped some German and Austrian Jews seek refuge in neutral Sweden and Switzerland.
B) American Zionist organizations helped Romanian Jews escape to Israel.
C) the U.S. Air Force bombed the rail lines leading to Auschwitz.
D) American agents enabled French Jews to escape across the Pyrenees into Spain.
E) Franklin Roosevelt's War Refugee Board helped several thousand Hungarian Jews escape Nazi tyranny.