Deck 12: The Rise of a Mass Democracy

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of Andrew Jackson.

Answer 1

Candidate who began his 1828 candidacy the day the House delivered the presidency to John Quincy Adams. Jackson won the presidency the election of 1828.

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of Sam Houston.

Answer 2

Former governor of Tennessee, he became the leader of the Texas rebels.

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of Denmark Vesey.

Answer 3

A free black who led an aborted slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of Stephen Austin.

Question 5

In the 1820s and 1830s, the public's attitude regarding political parties

A) was uniformly hostile to all political parties, regardless of the party or the region of the country.
B) was deeply ambivalent.
C) was more positive in the North than in the South.
D) reflected growing acceptance of the wild contentiousness of political life.
E) was that they were the best expressions of political ideologies.

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of Santa Anna.

Question 7

The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when

A) no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College.
B) William Crawford suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race.
C) the House was forced to do so by "King Caucus."
D) the Supreme Court declined to hear a case brought by Andrew Jackson contesting the electoral results.
E) widespread voter fraud was discovered.

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of Daniel Webster.

Question 9

The presidential election of 1824

A) was the first to use the electoral college.
B) was the first one to see the election of a president who failed to win a majority of the electoral vote from the state electors.
C) saw a record high voter turn-out show up at the polls.
D) saw the formulation of well-organized political parties.
E) was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of Nicholas Biddle.

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of William Crawford.

Question 12

In the 1820s and 1830s, the two issues that greatly raised the political stakes were

A) westward expansion and Indian removal.
B) the end of property qualifications for voting and political conventions.
C) the admission of Texas and Oregon to the Union.
D) hard money and banking regulation.
E) slavery and economic distress.

Question 13

JIdentify and state the historical significance of ohn C. Calhoun.

Question 14

By the 1840s, voter participation in the presidential election reached

A) nearly 50 percent.
B) 25 percent.
C) 40 percent.
D) 15 percent.
E) nearly 80 percent.

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of Martin Van Buren.

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of Black Hawk.

Question 17

The new two-party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s

A) significantly reduced sectional political divisions in the country.
B) was seen at the time as a weakening of democracy.
C) resulted in the Civil War.
D) fulfilled the wishes of the founding fathers.
E) became an important part of the nation's checks and balances.

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of Henry Clay.

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of William Harrison.

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of John Quincy Adams.

Question 21

John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a "corrupt bargain" when he appointed ____ to become ____.

A) John C. Calhoun, vice president
B) William Crawford, chief justice of the United States
C) Henry Clay, secretary of state
D) Daniel Webster, secretary of state
E) John Eaton, secretary of the navy

Question 22

Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because

A) it would hurt their growing manufacturing sector.
B) this same use of the power of the federal government could be used to suppress slavery.
C) it might hurt Andrew Jackson's political career.
D) they were convinced that it would destroy the American woolen industry.
E) it could damage the chances of the American System's success.

Question 23

John Quincy Adams could be described as

A) a politician who enjoyed engaging in political bargaining and "horse-trading" with political colleagues and adversaries.
B) a man who sought popular support.
C) a politician with great tact.
D) possessing almost none of the arts of the politician.
E) a man of limited intelligence.

Question 24

In response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1828, President Andrew Jackson

A) publicly hanged several of the nullifiers.
B) dispatched naval and military forces to the state while denouncing nullification.
C) worked quietly to defuse the confrontation.
D) mobilized all the other southern states to oppose nullification.
E) sought a Supreme Court ruling declaring nullification invalid.

Question 25

Which of the following interest group(s) supported the exceptionally high rates of the Tariff of 1828?

A) Western backcountry farmers, shopkeepers, artisans, and laborers who thought the tariff would revive a stagnant American economy
B) Abolitionists who saw it as the opening wedge for the use of federal power against slavery
C) Wool and textile manufacturers from New England
D) Supporters of Henry Clay's American System
E) Southern plantation owners who wanted to prevent dumping of Egyptian cotton in America

Question 26

John C. Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition was an argument for

A) secession.
B) protective tariffs.
C) majority rule.
D) states' rights.
E) trade with England.

Question 27

The South Carolina state legislature, after the election of 1832

A) voted to abolish all federal legislation, with regard to tariffs, as unconstitutional.
B) declared the existing tariff constitutional and part of South Carolina law.
C) was taken over by a majority of Federalists.
D) voted to secede from the union.
E) declared the existing tariff null and void in South Carolina.

Question 28

John Quincy Adams's weaknesses as president included all of the following EXCEPT

A) his strong nationalistic ideology.
B) his support for elitist proposals like a national university.
C) his personal coldness and tactlessness with people.
D) the charges of "corrupt bargain" hanging over his presidency.
E) his encouragement of his supporters to "sling mud" at Jackson.

Question 29

As president, John Quincy Adams

A) was more successful than as secretary of state.
B) was impeached by the House of Representatives, but he was acquitted by the Senate.
C) was one of the least successful presidents in American history.
D) put many of his supporters on the federal payroll.
E) was successful in getting most of his programs enacted into law.

Question 30

The person most responsible for defusing the tariff controversy that began in 1828 was

A) Andrew Jackson.
B) John C. Calhoun.
C) John Quincy Adams.
D) Daniel Webster.
E) Henry Clay.

Question 31

Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the

A) return of Jeffersonian simplicity.
B) newly won ascendancy of the masses.
C) supremacy of states' rights over federal power.
D) reemergence of a dominant Federalist ethic of government and Federalist economic policies.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 32

The Force Bill of 1833 provided that the

A) Congress could use the military for Indian removal.
B) President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties.
C) President could use the army to collect excise taxes.
D) military could force citizens to track down runaway slaves.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 33

Despite his suspicions of the federal government, Andrew Jackson's Democratic political party

A) offered support of a strong central government directing economic affairs.
B) advocated strongly for the enactment of Henry Clay's "American System."
C) favored using the U.S. Army to restrict westward and southern American settlement into Indian areas.
D) created the spoils system in the federal government.
E) asserted conviction of the need for "the best and the brightest" in government.

Question 34

The purpose behind the spoils system was

A) to press those with experience into governmental service.
B) to make politics a sideline and not a full-time business.
C) to reward political supporters with public office.
D) to reverse the trend of rotation in office.
E) the widespread encouragement of a bureaucratic office-holding class.

Question 35

The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in

A) a superior class of intelligent, competent federal job holders than under previous presidential administrations.
B) the replacement of insecurity by security in employment.
C) the destruction of the personalized political machine.
D) the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs.
E) the same public policies as those taken by John Quincy Adams.

Question 36

People in the West tended to prefer Andrew Jackson in the 1824 election because he

A) was less inclined to engage in wars with Indian nations than to seek fair negotiated treaties with Native Americans to resolve territorial disputes.
B) campaigned against the forces of corruption and privilege in government.
C) promised to uphold the needs of free labor.
D) had embraced the American System.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 37

The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in a clear-cut victory for

A) South Carolina.
B) Andrew Jackson and the Union.
C) states' rights.
D) neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers.
E) the industrialists.

Question 38

Opposing the Tariff of 1828, Southerners labeled it a "Yankee Tariff" because

A) the tariff protected New England manufacturing at their economic expense.
B) it charged a tax on Southern manufactured goods, making it difficult for the South to compete in the world market.
C) it imposed a high tax on Southern-grown cotton.
D) it placed a substantially lower tax on European manufactured goods imported into the New England and middle states than it did on similar European gods imported into states in the South.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 39

Writing about his observations of America and Americans as he traveled across the United States, the Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville was most struck by

A) the comparative wealth of Americans versus Europeans.
B) the general equality of social and economic conditions among Americans.
C) the low voter participation.
D) the ugliness of political campaigns.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 40

The Nullification Crisis of 1832-1833 erupted directly over

A) banking policy.
B) internal improvements.
C) tariff policy.
D) extension of slavery into the western territories.
E) Indian policy.

Question 41

Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because

A) the Indians assimilated too easily into white society.
B) the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy.
C) whites wanted the Indians' lands.
D) Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and their lands.
E) they continued their attacks on white settlements.

Question 42

Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of

A) Santa Anna.
B) Goliad.
C) the Alamo.
D) San Jacinto.
E) the Rio Grande.

Question 43

The Whigs hoped to win the 1836 election by

A) supporting Henry Clay.
B) using smear tactics.
C) forcing the election into the House of Representatives.
D) emphasizing personality over issues.
E) outspending their opponents.

Question 44

Innovations in the election of 1832 included

A) direct election of the president.
B) adoption of written party platforms.
C) a series of presidential debates between the candidates.
D) presidential nominations of "favorite sons" by state legislatures.
E) abandonment of party conventions.

Question 45

Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on

A) constitutional grounds exclusively.
B) advice from Henry Clay and other close advisors.
C) the Supreme Court's McCulloch v. Maryland decision.
D) the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation as well as unconstitutional.
E) the belief that it was supported by the "necessary and proper" clause in the Constitution.

Question 46

The Whigs offered all of the following proposals for the remedies of the economic ills facing America in 1837 EXCEPT

A) expansion of bank credit.
B) proposal of the Divorce Bill.
C) proposal of higher tariffs.
D) proposal of subsidies for internal improvements.
E) more active involvement on the part of the federal government in advancing private economic development in the nation.

Question 47

Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United States EXCEPT that

A) the bank was unconstitutional.
B) it was controlled and managed by wealthy financiers and private bankers of the East.
C) the bank was autocratic and tyrannical.
D) the bank was beholden to British and French financial interests.
E) the bank's president arrogantly defied the president.

Question 48

While in existence, the Second Bank of the United States

A) was the depository of the funds of the national government.
B) irresponsibly inflated the national currency by issuing federal bank notes.
C) limited economic growth by extending public credit.
D) forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures.
E) was not a significant influence on the health and growth of the economy.

Question 49

On the forced march from their Georgia homeland to Oklahoma known as the Trail of Tears, the Cherokees experienced all of the following EXCEPT

A) 100,000 Indians being uprooted.
B) the loss of their ancestral and ostensibly legally protected lands to white settlement.
C) countless Indian men, women, and children dying on route or after arriving in Indian Territory.
D) having to abandon sacred and family grave sites.
E) the rampant sexual abuse of wives and daughters by U.S. soldiers.

Question 50

One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was

A) its officers' awareness of the bank's responsibilities to society.
B) its attention to regional differences in American economy and culture.
C) its function as a source of credit and stability, promoting the nation's expanding economy.
D) its ability to expand and contract paper currency as needed.
E) it ceded control of the nation's gold and silver to smaller state and western territory banks.

Question 51

The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when

A) Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance.
B) the federal army crushed all resistance.
C) Congress used the provisions of the Force Bill.
D) Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833.
E) South Carolina took over the collection of tariffs.

Question 52

Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following EXCEPT

A) opponents of public education.
B) backers of southern states' rights.
C) large northern industrialists.
D) many evangelical Protestants.
E) backers of the American System.

Question 53

Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was

A) the first presidential veto.
B) a major expansion of presidential power.
C) unconstitutional.
D) overturned by a two-thirds vote in Congress.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 54

The Panic of 1837 was caused by all of the following EXCEPT

A) excessive speculation.
B) President Jackson's banking and financial policies including the Bank War and the Specie Circular.
C) financial problems abroad.
D) failure of wheat crops.
E) taking the country off the gold standard.

Question 55

The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes involved

A) inconsistently veering between progressive assimilation and encouraging the eastern Indian tribes to preserve their traditional culture.
B) rapid assimilation into white American culture.
C) forced removal from their traditional lands.
D) federal protection from state governments.
E) to encourage them to preserve their traditional culture.

Question 56

The cement that held the Whig party together in its formative days was

A) hatred of Andrew Jackson and his aggrandizement of executive power at the expense of the states and Congress.
B) support of the American System.
C) opposition to the Anti-Masonic party.
D) the desire for a strong president.
E) opposition to the tariff.

Question 57

Andrew Jackson and his supporters disliked the Bank of the United States for all of the following reasons EXCEPT it

A) minted gold and silver coins but issued no paper money.
B) controlled much of the nation's gold and silver.
C) was a private institution.
D) foreclosed on many western farms.
E) put public service first, not profits.

Question 58

In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following EXCEPT

A) recognize the tribes as separate nations.
B) argue that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society.
C) try "to civilize Indians" by promoting literacy, agricultural, and vocational instructions.
D) trick them into ceding land to whites.
E) promise to acquire land only through formal treaties.

Question 59

All of the following were characteristics of Henry Clay's election campaign of 1832 EXCEPT

A) overconfidence of his campaign and the National Republicans.
B) a hefty and ample campaign chest of $50,000.
C) a substantial advantage over President Andrew Jackson in political support from the West and the South.
D) he had strong newspaper backing.
E) he lost both the popular vote and the Electoral vote.

Question 60

In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the following EXCEPT

A) adopt a system of settled agriculture.
B) develop a written constitution.
C) become cotton planters.
D) refuse to own slaves.
E) develop a notion of private property.

Question 61

Why was the election of 1824 so ridden with conflict and confusion? What was at stake between the competing candidates, especially Adams and Jackson?

Question 62

Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex the new Texas Republic because

A) Texans did not want to be annexed to the United States.
B) antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery.
C) they were old political opponents of the Texas president, Sam Houston.
D) public opinion in the United States opposed annexation.
E) they feared war with Mexico's ally, Spain.

Question 63

While he was president, John Quincy Adams was roundly criticized for his

A) land policy.
B) Indian policy.
C) support for internal improvements.
D) replacement of so many public servants with his own supporters.
E) supposedly aristocratic life style.

Question 64

Following his election in 1832, President Jackson decided to

A) remove federal funds from the Bank of the United States gradually.
B) stop depositing federal funds in the Bank of the United States.
C) start depositing federal funds in several "pet" state banks.
D) revoke the charter of the Bank of the United States.
E) run for a third term in 1836.

Question 65

The Whig party drew support from

A) Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
B) opponents of the American System.
C) southerners and states' rightists.
D) large northern industrialists and merchants.
E) supporters of public schools.

Question 66

The "Tippecanoe" in the Whigs' 1840 presidential campaign slogan was

A) Daniel Webster.
B) Martin Van Buren.
C) William Harrison.
D) John Tyler.
E) Henry Clay.

Question 67

Most of the very early American settlers in Texas, dubbed the "Old Three Hundred," were _____ who came from the _____.

A) Catholic, Middle Atlantic states
B) Scots-Irish, South
C) Congregationalists, New England
D) Dutch, New York
E) French, Ohio Valley

Question 68

In his veto of the bank recharter bill, President Jackson claimed that the bank was

A) unconstitutional.
B) anti-western.
C) too much influenced by aristocrats and foreigners.
D) corrupt and monopolistic.
E) heavily influenced and mostly controlled only by the government.

Question 69

The Mexican government's original grant of a huge grant land to Stephen Austin came with an understanding that these immigrants

A) become Mexican citizens.
B) be Roman Catholics.
C) not own any slaves.
D) could create and manage fully self-governing settlements.
E) could retain American citizenship and be practicing Protestants.

Question 70

Southerners disliked the Tariff of 1828 because it

A) raised the price of manufactured goods.
B) represented the growing power of the federal government.
C) invited retaliatory tariffs on American agricultural exports abroad.
D) was clearly designed to ensure the reelection of President Adams.
E) raised the price of imported rice.

Question 71

The South Carolina nullifying convention

A) declared the Tariff of 1832 null and void within South Carolina.
B) ordered the South Carolina state legislature to make military preparations to defend the state.
C) nullified the Force Bill passed by Congress.
D) threatened to secede from the Union if the national government tried to force the state into compliance with congressional law.
E) put the national interest above sectional interest.

Question 72

Martin Van Buren's administration was troubled by

A) his lack of personal popularity.
B) widespread scandal and corruption in the executive branch.
C) antislavery agitation against the annexation of Texas.
D) a serious economic depression.
E) the agitation of political adversaries of former President Andrew Jackson.

Question 73

William Henry Harrison, the Whig party's presidential candidate in 1840, was

A) a true "common man."
B) a very effective chief executive.
C) portrayed by his supporters as a poor western farmer in an effort to make a deceptive contrast with his aristocratic opponent, Democratic incumbent President Martin Van Buren
D) born in a log cabin.
E) the first military officer to become president.

Question 74

Both the Democratic party and the Whig party

A) favored a renewed national bank.
B) supported federal restraint in social and economic affairs.
C) were mass-based political parties.
D) clung to states' rights policies.
E) feared the rise of the Anti-Masonic party.

Question 75

Texas gained its independence with

A) help from Britain.
B) no outside assistance.
C) help from Americans.
D) the blessing of the Mexican government.
E) help from Spain.

Question 76

Spanish authorities allowed Moses Austin to settle in Texas because

A) they believed that Austin and his settlers might be able to "civilize the territory," which was heavily populated by Indians.
B) they believed that the militarily powerful Austin would otherwise have taken the land by force.
C) he paid them a sizable sum of money.
D) Spain planned to sell the land to the United States.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 77

The Anti-Masonic party

A) was strongest in the South and Southwest.
B) was an anti-Jackson party.
C) was the nation's first third party.
D) opposed moral and religious reform.
E) was a strong opponent of the Whig party.

Question 78

The presidential election of 1828 was characterized by

A) a campaign focused on such key issues as tariffs, banks, and foreign policy.
B) mudslinging tactics by both parties against the opposing candidate.
C) an unusually high voter turnout.
D) a narrow electoral victory for Andrew Jackson.
E) a strong third-party challenge by the Anti-Masonic party.

Question 79

One major reason for the Anglo-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that the

A) Mexicans opposed slavery.
B) Mexican government refused to allow the "Old Three Hundred" to purchase land.
C) Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritarian.
D) Anglo-Texans objected to the Mexican government's establishment of evangelical Protestantism as Texas's official religion.
E) Mexicans tried to establish slavery among the Americans.

Question 80

During his long political career, John Quincy Adams was at one time or another

A) a nationalist.
B) vice president.
C) secretary of state.
D) a congressman.
E) president.