Deck 16: Nervous System: Senses

Question 1

Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from internal organs?

A) Interoceptors
B) Exteroceptors
C) Proprioceptors
D) Nociceptors
E) Thermoreceptors

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not one of the three criteria used to describe receptors?

A) Stimulus strength (intensity of stimulus)
B) Stimulus origin (location of stimulus)
C) Receptor distribution (body location)
D) Modality of stimulus (stimulating agent)

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Changes in the external and internal environment are ________ that are detected by the sensory system.

A) sensations
B) receptors
C) stimuli
D) adaptations
E) transducers

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from the external environment?

A) Interoceptors
B) Exteroceptors
C) Proprioceptors
D) Nociceptors
E) Thermoreceptors

Question 5

Conscious awareness of incoming sensory information is called

A) sensation.
B) receptor.
C) a stimulus.
D) adaptation.
E) transducer.

Question 6

Which statement accurately describes the merits of different receptive field properties?

A) Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, but because more receptors are needed it increases overall energy costs.
B) Having large receptive fields allows for more precision, but because the area of responsiveness is larger, it increases the body's energy costs.
C) Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, smaller body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall.
D) Having large receptive fields allows for more precision, larger body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall.

Question 7

If the receptive fields of the skin's receptors were smaller, then

A) precision would be greater, and we would not need as many receptors to monitor the environment for stimuli.
B) precision would be greater, but we would need more receptors to monitor the environment for stimuli.
C) precision would be lessened, and we would need more receptors to monitor the environment for stimuli.
D) precision would be lessened, but we would not need as many receptors to monitor the environment for stimuli.

Question 8

The classification of a receptor as a photoreceptor or a mechanoreceptor depends on

A) the location of origin of the stimulus it perceives.
B) the modality of the stimulus it perceives.
C) its location in the body.
D) whether it is a somatic or visceral receptor.

Question 9

The entire area through which the sensitive ends of the receptor cells are distributed is the

A) sensory field.
B) receptive field.
C) stimulus area.
D) adaptative radius.
E) transducer field.

Question 10

A reduction in sensitivity to a continually applied stimulus is called

A) sensation.
B) tonicity.
C) conscious awareness.
D) adaptation.
E) transduction.

Question 11

Our ability to precisely locate a stimulus is ________ proportional to receptive field size.

A) directly
B) inversely

Question 12

Our body responds to the osmolarity of our blood plasma, but we are not consciously aware of it. Because we respond but are not aware, this is an example of a sensation, but not of a stimulus.

Question 13

________ receptors respond continuously to a stimulus at a constant rate.

Question 14

Receptors contain modality-gated channels within their plasma membranes.

Question 15

In general, you become unaware of the shirt on your back because your touch receptors

A) are tonic.
B) undergo adaptation.
C) are transducers.
D) maintain firing but are ignored.

Question 16

By definition, transducers

A) are electrical devices that do not work with biological systems.
B) change one form of energy into another form.
C) transmit signals away from the central nervous system.
D) transmit signals toward the central nervous system.

Question 17

These receptors respond to changes in temperature.

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Thermoreceptors
C) Photoreceptors
D) Mechanoreceptors
E) Baroreceptors

Question 18

Which term best describes receptors that detect body and limb movements, skeletal muscle contraction and stretch, and joint capsule structure?

A) Interoceptors
B) Exteroceptors
C) Proprioceptors
D) Nociceptors
E) Thermoreceptors

Question 19

The type of receptor that readily adapts to a stimulus is known as a ________ receptor.

A) phasic
B) tonic
C) transducer
D) multimodal

Question 20

These receptors detect specific molecules in our external and internal environments.

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Thermoreceptors
C) Photoreceptors
D) Mechanoreceptors
E) Baroreceptors

Question 21

These receptors detect changes in pressure within the body caused by the stretch or distention of internal structures.

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Thermoreceptors
C) Photoreceptors
D) Mechanoreceptors
E) Baroreceptors

Question 22

The papillae located mainly on the tip and sides of the tongue that contain only a few taste buds each are the ________ papillae.

A) papiform
B) filiform
C) fungiform
D) vallate
E) foliate

Question 23

Which papillae, distributed on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue surface, lack taste buds?

A) Papiform
B) Filiform
C) Fungiform
D) Vallate
E) Foliate

Question 24

The least numerous but the largest of the papillae are arranged as a V-shape on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue. They contain the majority of taste buds and are called ________ papillae.

A) papiform
B) filiform
C) fungiform
D) vallate
E) foliate

Question 25

Which statement accurately describes structures at a taste bud?

A) The gustatory microvillus of a gustatory cell extends through the taste pore of a taste bud.
B) The gustatory villi of basal cells project through the taste bud to the surface of the epithelium.
C) The gustatory microvilus of a papilla projects through the gustatory pore to the gustatory glomerulus.
D) Basal cells contain villi that project through the pore of a papilla to make a taste bud.

Question 26

This receptor detects continuous deep pressure and distortion of the skin.

A) Krause bulbs
B) Lamellated corpuscles
C) Arrector pili corpuscles
D) Ruffini corpuscles
E) Tactile corpuscles

Question 27

The battery of your electric toothbrush is running down and so you feel a low-frequency vibration in your oral cavity. Which receptors detect this stimulus?

A) Root hair plexus
B) Free nerve ending
C) Bulbous corpuscle
D) End bulbs
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

A receptor that is wrapped in connective tissue is referred to as being ________.

Question 29

The least developed of the papilla types are the ________ papillae, which house only a few taste buds during infancy and early childhood.

A) papiform
B) filiform
C) fungiform
D) vallate
E) foliate

Question 30

These receptors respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch.

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Thermoreceptors
C) Photoreceptors
D) Mechanoreceptors
E) Baroreceptors

Question 31

When pain signals originating from visceral structures are perceived to be coming instead from the skin, the phenomenon is called ________ pain.

Question 32

A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the left arm. This pain is known as

A) referred pain.
B) phantom pain.
C) selected pain.
D) covert pain.
E) masked pain.

Question 33

These receptors detect changes in the color, intensity, and movement of light.

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Thermoreceptors
C) Photoreceptors
D) Mechanoreceptors
E) Baroreceptors

Question 34

There are three types of unencapsulated tactile receptors. Select the exception.

A) Free nerve endings
B) Sebaceous filaments
C) Root hair plexuses
D) Tactile discs

Question 35

The most numerous type of receptor in the body is the

A) chemoreceptor.
B) tactile receptor.
C) thermoreceptor.
D) nociceptor.
E) photoreceptor.

Question 36

There are four types of encapsulated receptors. Select the exception.

A) End bulbs
B) Lamellated corpuscles
C) Arrector pili corpuscles
D) Ruffini corpuscles
E) Tactile corpuscles

Question 37

The receptors responsible for detecting deep pressure and high-frequency vibration are

A) Krause bulbs.
B) lamellated corpuscles.
C) arrector pili corpuscles.
D) Ruffini corpuscles.
E) tactile corpuscles.

Question 38

Because numerous cutaneous and visceral sensory neurons conduct signals on ________ ascending tracts of the spinal cord, the brain sometimes falsely localizes the location of a pain stimulus.

A) the same
B) very different

Question 39

Phasic receptors for light touch and texture are

A) Krause bulbs.
B) lamellated corpuscles.
C) arrector pili corpuscles.
D) Ruffini corpuscles.
E) tactile corpuscles.

Question 40

These receptors respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli.

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Thermoreceptors
C) Photoreceptors
D) Mechanoreceptors
E) Nociceptors

Question 41

Certain odors can initiate behavioral and emotional reactions because

A) the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the medulla oblongata.
B) there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system.
C) olfactory sensations are interpreted at the prefrontal cortex.
D) the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the occipital lobe.
E) the sense of olfaction occurs immediately at the olfactory epithelium.

Question 42

The primary function of eyebrows is to

A) allow the appropriate amount of light to enter the eye.
B) prevent excess light from entering the eye.
C) prevent objects from striking the eye.
D) prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye.
E) form a protective barrier of fat and hair to help shade the eye.

Question 43

Caffeine and unsweetened chocolate both taste bitter, as they are

A) alkaloids.
B) acids.
C) amino acids.
D) ions of heavy molecular weight.
E) carbohydrates.

Question 44

The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the ________ conjunctiva.

A) palpebral
B) retinal
C) ocular
D) epithelial
E) visceral

Question 45

Which is not a cell type found in the olfactory epithelium?

A) Olfactory receptor cell
B) Supporting cell
C) Basal cell
D) Fungiform cell

Question 46

The olfactory tracts project

A) directly to the primary olfactory cortex of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
B) directly to the primary olfactory cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.
C) to the thalamus and then to the primary olfactory cortex of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
D) to the thalamus and then to the primary olfactory cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.

Question 47

Olfactory glomeruli are located in the

A) thalamus.
B) olfactory epithelium.
C) olfactory bulbs.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 48

The route that the sensation of taste follows is
A: Primary axons pass along cranial nerves VII and IX.
B: Primary neurons synapse in the nucleus solitarius.
C: Secondary neurons synapse in the thalamus.
D: Tertiary neurons travel to the primary gustatory cortex.

A) a, b, c, d
B) b, c, a, d
C) a, d, b, c
D) d, c, b, a
E) c, d, a, b

Question 49

What molecules help concentrate odorants at the olfactory receptor cells?

A) Sustentacularin
B) Odorant-binding proteins
C) Volatile molecules
D) G-proteins
E) Tastants

Question 50

Some odors cause visceral reactions, such as a gagging response to the smell of rotten food. Such responses are a result of olfactory pathways through the

A) cerebellum.
B) amygdala.
C) thalamus.
D) hypothalamus.
E) cerebrum.

Question 51

The flavor of food depends upon

A) olfaction.
B) gustation.
C) both olfaction and gustation.
D) neither olfaction nor gustation.

Question 52

What is the correct sequence for lacrimal fluid production and drainage?
A: Tears disperse across the surface of the eye.
B: Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland.
C: Fluid drains through the nasolacrimal duct.
D: Fluid enters the nasal cavity.
E: Fluid enters the lacrimal canaliculi and collects in the lacrimal sac.

A) a, b, c, d, e
B) b, a, c, d, e
C) c, a, d, b, e
D) b, a, e, c, d
E) c, a, b, e, d

Question 53

There are five basic taste sensations. Select the one mismatched with its stimulating agent.

A) Sweet; organic compounds such as sugar
B) Sour; hydrogen ions from acids such as those in lemons
C) Salty; metal ions such as potassium or sodium
D) Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons
E) Umami; amino acids such as glutamate or aspartate found in chicken soup

Question 54

Where would you find olfactory hairs?

A) Scattered among the lamina propria
B) At the apical surface of olfactory neurons
C) Buried within the olfactory glands
D) At the surface of supporting cells
E) Concentrated along basal cells

Question 55

Eyelids serve two purposes: one is to protect the eye and the other is to

A) help distribute blood to the eye surface.
B) help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface.
C) help spread antiviral solution.
D) help to control the transmission of the nerve impulse to the retina.
E) prevent excess mucus from obscuring vision.

Question 56

In the olfactory epithelium, ________ cells act as stem cells to continually replace olfactory neurons.

Question 57

Olfactory receptor cells are ________ neurons.

A) multipolar
B) unipolar
C) bipolar
D) nonpolar
E) apolar

Question 58

The conjunctiva is composed of ________ epithelium.

A) simple squamous
B) simple cuboidal
C) stratified squamous
D) simple columnar
E) stratified keratinized

Question 59

Another name for the vascular tunic of the eye is the ________, which means "grape."

Question 60

Gustatory cells within a taste bud are specialized neuroepithelial cells that have a ________ life span.

A) 7-10 hour
B) 7-10 day
C) 7-10 week
D) 7-10 month
E) 7-10 year

Question 61

The eye measures about ________ in diameter.

A) 2.5 mm
B) 12.5 mm
C) 2.5 cm
D) 12.5 cm
E) 22.5 cm

Question 62

The structural continuity between the cornea and the sclera is called

A) the substantia propria.
B) the limbus.
C) the uvea.
D) Descemet's membrane.
E) Schlemm's membrane.

Question 63

What part of the retina is responsible for the sharpest vision?

A) Optic disc
B) Ora serrata
C) Fovea centralis
D) Posterior retina
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 64

Which photoreceptor cells function in dim light?

A) Rods
B) Cones

Question 65

The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the

A) lacrimal secretion.
B) mucoid body.
C) vitreous humor.
D) hyaloid mass.
E) scleroid humor.

Question 66

Which eye feature provides vitamin A for photoreceptor cells?

A) Cornea
B) Conjunctiva
C) Sclera
D) Pigmented layer of the retina
E) Neural layer of the retina

Question 67

Where is the greatest concentration of cones located?

A) In the optic disc
B) In the ora serrata
C) In the fovea centralis
D) In the posterior retina
E) In the optic nerve

Question 68

The structure that functions as a diaphragm to control pupil size is the

A) ora serrata.
B) suspensory ligament.
C) iris.
D) cornea.
E) anterior chamber.

Question 69

Which sequence correctly traces the pathway of aqueous humor in the eye?
A: Aqueous humor is secreted by epithelial ciliary cells.
B: Aqueous humor is released into the posterior chamber.
C: Aqueous humor is drained into the scleral venous sinus.
D: Aqueous humor washes over the lens and then passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber.

A) a, b, c, d
B) b, a, c, d
C) a, b, d, c
D) d, a, c, b
E) a, c, b, d

Question 70

As middle-aged persons get older, the lenses of their eyes no longer assume as round a shape when their ligaments slacken. This results in difficulty in

A) seeing nearby objects.
B) seeing distant objects.
C) seeing colored objects.
D) seeing low-contrast scenes.

Question 71

A flattened lens

A) is necessary for near vision.
B) is necessary for distant vision.
C) is necessary for both near and far vision.
D) functions only with color vision.
E) reflects light rays.

Question 72

The fibrous tunic of the eye is composed of two parts. What are they?

A) The cornea and the sclera
B) The conjunctiva and the cornea
C) The conjunctiva and the sclera
D) The sclera and the retina
E) The sclera and the uvea

Question 73

Where would you find the protein crystallin?

A) In the retina
B) In the ciliary body
C) In the choroids
D) In the lens
E) In the optic nerve

Question 74

Accommodation of the lens occurs when

A) ciliary muscles contract.
B) the ciliary body moves closer to the lens.
C) parasympathetic axons stimulate the ciliary muscles.
D) the lens becomes more spherical.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 75

What part of the retina lacks photoreceptors?

A) Optic disc
B) Macula lutea
C) Fovea centralis
D) Posterior retina
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 76

If you were to cut a cross section of the retina and examine it under a microscope, what would be the order of features from the choroid to the posterior cavity?
A: Rods and cones
B: Ganglionic axons progressing to the optic nerve
C: Bipolar cells
D: Ganglion cells' bodies
E: Pigmented retina

A) a, b, c, d, e
B) e, a, c, d, b
C) c, a, e, d, b
D) d, e, a, b, c
E) e, d, c, b, a

Question 77

The proper sequence of eye layers from the outermost to the innermost layer is
A: Neural tunic
B: Fatty tunic
C: Vascular tunic
D: Fibrous tunic

A) a, b, c
B) b, a, c
C) a, b, d
D) c, a, d
E) d, c, a

Question 78

The lens of the eye flattens when

A) ciliary muscles contract.
B) ciliary muscles relax.
C) extrinsic eye muscles contract.
D) extrinsic eye muscles relax.
E) intrinsic muscles of the iris contract.

Question 79

The vascular tunic of the eye has three distinct regions. From anterior to posterior what are they?
A: Ciliary body
B: Choroid
C: Iris

A) a, b, c
B) b, a, c
C) c, a, b
D) c, b, a
E) b, c, a

Question 80

Which photoreceptor cells are more numerous?

A) Rods
B) Cones