Deck 12: Nervous System: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

The motor nervous system is also known as the ________ nervous system.

Answer 1

efferent

Question 2

Which is not characteristic of neurons?

A) High mitotic rate
B) High metabolic rate
C) Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen
D) Extreme longevity
E) No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The portion of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses is the ________ division.

A) autonomic motor
B) somatic sensory
C) somatic motor
D) visceral sensory

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the ________ division.

A) motor
B) cranial
C) ganglial
D) efferent
E) sensory

Question 5

The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.

Question 6

Which is not a function of the motor division of the nervous system?

A) Conducts impulses from the CNS
B) Transmits impulses to muscles and glands
C) Transmits impulses from the viscera
D) Voluntary control of skeletal muscle
E) Involuntary control of the heart

Question 7

What structures extend into the axon and dendrite of a neuron to provide tensile strength?

A) Motor filaments
B) Nissl bodies
C) Telodendria
D) Neurofibrils
E) Collateral fibers

Question 8

The nervous system controls the activity of muscles and glands. Muscles and glands can generate changes and are therefore called

A) afferents.
B) effectors.
C) stimuli.
D) visceral.

Question 9

Receptors are parts of the nervous system that allow it to

A) initiate responses to information.
B) process information.
C) collect information.
D) conduct impulses to muscles.

Question 10

The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the ________ division.

A) autonomic motor
B) somatic sensory
C) somatic motor
D) visceral sensory

Question 11

Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus?

A) Dendrite
B) Axon
C) Soma
D) Axon hillock
E) Synaptic knob

Question 12

Which statement is consistent with the current understanding of neural tissue?

A) A person is born with all of the neurons they will ever have.
B) Most neurons formed in fetal development last a lifetime, but some brain regions in adults can generate new neurons.
C) Neurons are constantly dying and being replaced throughout all regions of the brain.
D) Stem cells in the brain become glia, which can later become neurons if there is a need for them to do so.

Question 13

A neuron conducting an impulse from the CNS to the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder would be classified as a(n) ________ neuron.

A) autonomic motor
B) somatic sensory
C) somatic motor
D) visceral sensory

Question 14

Nerves and ganglia are structures found in the

A) central nervous system.
B) peripheral nervous system.
C) central and peripheral nervous systems.

Question 15

Electrical signals are conducted toward the cell body of a neuron by its ________.

Question 16

A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as a(n) ________ neuron.

A) autonomic motor
B) somatic sensory
C) somatic motor
D) visceral sensory

Question 17

Conductive activity in a neuron generally causes it to secrete

A) a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.
B) a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.
C) several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target.
D) several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that are broadcast to excite and inhibit multiple targets.
E) several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

Question 18

Which is not a general function of the nervous system?

A) Transporting materials throughout the body
B) Collecting information
C) Processing and evaluating information
D) Responding to information
E) No exceptions; all are general functions of the nervous system.

Question 19

The cytoplasm within a cell body of a neuron is called the

A) soma.
B) perikaryon.
C) neurokaryon.
D) chromatophilic substance.
E) chromatophobic substance.

Question 20

Where are synaptic knobs located?

A) At the distal ends of an axons
B) At the ends of dendrites
C) Within the cell body
D) Along axon collaterals
E) At the axon hillock

Question 21

When transmission occurs at a synapse, neurotransmitter is released by

A) the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.
B) the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.
C) the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.
D) the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles.
E) the postsynaptic neuron's telodendria into the axon hillock.

Question 22

Fast axonal transport is

A) passive and only occurs in the anterograde direction.
B) passive and only occurs in the retrograde direction.
C) active (requires ATP) and only occurs in the anterograde direction.
D) active (requires ATP) and only occurs in the retrograde direction.
E) active (requires ATP) and can occur in either the anterograde or retrograde direction.

Question 23

In a mixed nerve,

A) some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.
B) individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.
C) chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.
D) astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

Question 24

Anterograde transport is the movement of materials from synaptic knobs to the cell body.

Question 25

Electrical synapses involve coupling of neurons by

A) synaptic clefts.
B) desmosomes.
C) gap junctions.
D) satellite cells.

Question 26

A mixed nerve is one that contains both

A) cranial and spinal nerve fibers.
B) sensory and motor neurons.
C) unipolar and bipolar neurons.
D) an endoneurium and an epineurium.
E) presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.

Question 27

Vesicles and glycoproteins required at the synapse are moved down a nerve fiber by ________ axonal transport.

A) fast
B) slow

Question 28

A bipolar neuron has

A) two axons extending from the cell body.
B) two dendrites extending from the cell body.
C) one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body.
D) a single short process that extends from the cell body and then splits into a peripheral and a central branch.

Question 29

Which functional class of neurons lies entirely within the central nervous system?

A) Bipolar neurons
B) Sensory neurons
C) Interneurons
D) Unipolar neurons
E) Motor neurons

Question 30

Which statement accurately compares the transmission speed of the different types of synapses?

A) Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.
B) Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.
C) Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.
D) Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

Question 31

Glial cells differ from neurons in that they

A) are larger and capable of meiosis.
B) are smaller and capable of mitosis.
C) are found only in the CNS.
D) are found only in the PNS.
E) transmit nerve impulses much more slowly.

Question 32

Most commonly, a synapse is made between a

A) presynaptic neuron's dendrite and a postsynaptic membrane's cell body.
B) presynaptic neuron's axon and a postsynaptic neuron's dendrite.
C) presynaptic neuron's axon hillock and a postsynaptic neuron's cell body.
D) presynaptic neuron's soma and a postsynaptic neuron's synaptic knob.

Question 33

Spinal nerves extend from the spinal cord, whereas ________ nerves extend from the brain.

Question 34

A nerve cell that has dendrites but no axons is categorized as a(n) ________ neuron.

Question 35

Based on function, the vast majority of neurons are

A) sensory neurons.
B) motor neurons.
C) unipolar neurons.
D) bipolar neurons.
E) interneurons.

Question 36

Typically, a multipolar neuron has many dendrites and one axon extending from the cell body.

Question 37

Based on structure, the most common type of neuron is the ________ neuron.

A) multipolar
B) bipolar
C) unipolar
D) pseudounipolar

Question 38

The neurons that are responsible for integrating information by retrieving, processing, storing, and "deciding" how the body responds to stimuli are

A) sensory neurons.
B) motor neurons.
C) accessory neurons.
D) correlation neurons.
E) interneurons.

Question 39

The nervous system contains more neurons than glial cells.

Question 40

Chemical synapses are more common than electrical synapses.

Question 41

The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons in the peripheral nervous system is the

A) astrocyte.
B) ependymal cell.
C) neurolemmocyte.
D) microglial cell.
E) oligodendrocyte.

Question 42

The glial cell that defends the body against pathogens is the

A) astrocyte.
B) ependymal cell.
C) neurolemmocyte.
D) microglial cell.
E) oligodendrocyte.

Question 43

Which statement is true regarding the action of an oligodendrocyte?

A) Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.
B) An oligodendrocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier.
C) Oligodendrocytes function only within the PNS.
D) Each oligodendrocyte can wrap only a 1-mm portion of a single axon.
E) A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

Question 44

The glial cell with perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS is the

A) astrocyte.
B) ependymal cell.
C) neurolemmocyte.
D) microglial cell.
E) oligodendrocyte.

Question 45

The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to

A) the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.
B) their proximity to light-reflecting cartilage.
C) their proximity to white bone.
D) the white color of the perivascular feet.
E) the covering of ependymal cells.

Question 46

The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the

A) astrocyte.
B) ependymal cell.
C) neurolemmocyte.
D) microglial cell.
E) oligodendrocyte.

Question 47

The glial cell that provides structural support and organization to the CNS is the

A) astrocyte.
B) ependymal cell.
C) neurolemmocyte.
D) microglial cell.
E) oligodendrocyte.

Question 48

The glial cell with the responsibility of occupying the space left by dead or dying neurons is the

A) astrocyte.
B) ependymal cell.
C) neurolemmocyte.
D) microglial cell.
E) oligodendrocyte.

Question 49

In the CNS all axons are myelinated, but in the PNS some are myelinated and some are unmyelinated.

Question 50

Which is true regarding the action of a neurolemmocyte?

A) Each neurolemmocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.
B) A neurolemmocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier.
C) Neurolemmocytes function only within the CNS.
D) Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1 mm portion of a single axon.
E) A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

Question 51

Along an axon, the gaps between neurolemmocytes are called neurofibril ________.

Question 52

What do all glial cells have in common?

A) They help to transmit the nerve signals.
B) They transfer blood to the various neurons.
C) They assist neurons in their respective functions.
D) They all attack pathogens.
E) They absorb extra blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 53

The function of myelin is to

A) block the transmission of a nerve impulse.
B) provide points of attachment for nerve threads.
C) produce faster nerve impulse propagation.
D) produce slow but continuous impulse conduction.

Question 54

The glial cell that helps to form the blood-brain barrier is the

A) astrocyte.
B) ependymal cell.
C) neurolemmocyte.
D) microglial cell.
E) oligodendrocyte.

Question 55

The periphery of a myelinating neurolemmocyte that contains its cytoplasm and nucleus is called the ________.

Question 56

Continuous conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along

A) myelinated axons.
B) dendrites.
C) unmyelinated axons.
D) axons in the PNS.
E) axons in the CNS.

Question 57

Glial cells help maintain the structure of synapses and they can modify neural transmission.

Question 58

The glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid is the

A) astrocyte.
B) ependymal cell.
C) neurolemmocyte.
D) microglial cell.
E) oligodendrocyte.

Question 59

The glial cell that protects neuron cell bodies located within ganglia is the

A) satellite cell.
B) ependymal cell.
C) neurolemmocyte.
D) astrocyte.
E) oligodendrocyte.

Question 60

What is the most abundant glial cell in the CNS?

A) Astrocyte
B) Ependymal cell
C) Neurolemmocyte
D) Microglial cell
E) Oligodendrocyte

Question 61

Which choice correctly orders the connective tissue wrappings of a nerve, beginning at the outermost layer?

A) Perineurium → epineurium → endoneurium
B) Perineurium → endoneurium → epineurium
C) Epineurium → perineurium → endoneurium
D) Epineurium → endoneurium → perineurium
E) Endoneurium → perineurium → epineurium

Question 62

Following damage to axons nearby, oligodendrocytes

A) secrete growth factors.
B) do not secrete any chemicals.
C) secrete growth-inhibitory molecules.
D) grow their own fibers to occupy the space.

Question 63

The type of transport protein that moves a substance down its concentration gradient is a

A) channel.
B) pump.

Question 64

Contrast chemically gated and voltage-gated channels. How do their functions differ? In which segments of a neuron are they found?

Question 65

The electrochemical gradient refers to

A) the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.
B) the difference in electrical charge between two areas.
C) the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.
D) the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

Question 66

The type of voltage-gated channel that possesses an inactivation gate that temporarily closes after the channel is active is the

A) voltage-gated potassium channel.
B) voltage-gated sodium channel.
C) voltage-gated calcium channel.
D) voltage-gated chloride channel.

Question 67

Which division of the nervous system shows a greater capacity for regeneration?

A) CNS
B) PNS

Question 68

According to Ohm's law, current is

A) directly related to both voltage and resistance.
B) directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.
C) inversely related to both voltage and resistance.
D) indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

Question 69

Potassium has a higher concentration

A) inside the cell versus outside the cell, and sodium is also more concentrated inside versus outside the cell.
B) inside the cell versus outside the cell, whereas sodium has a higher concentration outside versus inside the cell.
C) outside the cell versus inside the cell, and sodium is also more concentrated outside versus inside the cell.
D) outside the cell versus inside the cell, whereas sodium has a higher concentration inside versus outside the cell.

Question 70

Chemically gated ion channels are mainly found in the ________ segment of a neuron.

A) initial
B) receptive
C) conductive
D) transmissive

Question 71

A neuron's membrane contains more potassium leak channels than sodium leak channels.

Question 72

A nerve

A) contains a single axon.
B) is found only in the CNS.
C) carries only sensory information.
D) carries information only toward the PNS.
E) is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

Question 73

Wallerian degeneration involves the breakdown of

A) the segments of axon and myelin sheath between the site of damage and the peripheral effector.
B) the segments of axon and myelin sheath between the site of damage and the cell body.
C) the neurilemma both central and peripheral to the site of trauma.
D) macrophages and microglia that have completed the job of CNS cleanup after trauma.

Question 74

The axon hillock makes up the ________ segment of a neuron.

Question 75

With damage to nerve fibers, larger distances between the site of damage and the target structure innervated result in ________ chances of successful regeneration.

A) increased
B) decreased

Question 76

Although severing a peripheral axon leads to some degeneration, the neurilemma remains largely intact.

Question 77

The connective tissue wrapping that surrounds bundles (fascicles) of axons is the

A) epineurium.
B) endoneurium.
C) perineurium.
D) endosteum.
E) periosteum.

Question 78

The epineurium is composed of

A) dense regular connective tissue.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) dense irregular connective tissue.
D) areolar connective tissue.
E) pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.

Question 79

Negatively charged protein molecules are more prevalent within a neuron's cytosol than in the interstitial fluid.

Question 80

The endoneurium is composed of

A) dense regular connective tissue.
B) simple squamous epithelium.
C) dense irregular connective tissue.
D) areolar connective tissue.
E) pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.