Deck 12: Other Technical Applications of Computed Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles

Question 1

The selection of peak kilovoltage (kVp) and milliamperage used in computed tomographic angiography examinations is usually determined by each of the following except:

A) patient body habitus.
B) abnormalities of the area being imaged.
C) level of noise in the images.
D) patient size.

Answer 1

abnormalities of the area being imaged.

Question 2

What technological advancement made spiral/helical scanning possible thus creating one basis for continuous scanning in CT imaging?

A) Back-projection algorithm
B) Step-and-shoot acquisition
C) Slip ring
D) Xenon detector array

Answer 2

Slip ring

Question 3

All of the following are steps crucial to performing a computed tomographic angiography examination except:

A) acquisition measures.
B) contrast media administration.
C) decreased collimation.
D) patient preparation.

Answer 3

decreased collimation.

Question 4

The maximum fluoroscopy time for continuous imaging is:

A) 50 seconds.
B) 100 seconds.
C) 150 seconds.
D) 200 seconds.

Question 5

Which visualization technique uses all of the information in the axial data set to display internal structures?

A) Interactive cine
B) Maximum intensity projection
C) Multiplanar reconstructions
D) Volume rendering

Question 6

Which volume-rendering parameter refers to the degree that structures close to the user obscure structures that are further away?

A) Accuracy
B) Brightness
C) Opacity
D) Windowing

Question 7

Image quality parameters in CT fluoroscopy include all of the following except:

A) artifacts.
B) contrast resolution.
C) density resolution.
D) spatial resolution.

Question 8

Computed tomographic angiography techniques have proved useful in imaging each of the following except:

A) coronary artery disease.
B) renal vasculature.
C) stroke.
D) metastatic lung disease.

Question 9

Which visualization tool refers to the viewing and evaluation of the images in the axial data set by panning through the set of images?

A) Interactive cine
B) Maximum intensity projection
C) Multiplanar reconstructions
D) Volume rendering

Question 10

All of the following are automated systems used to assist with contrast administration except:

A) CARE Bolus.
B) Smart Bolus.
C) Smart Prep.
D) Sure Start.

Question 11

Which of the following visualization tools reconstructs faster than any other three-dimensional (3D) technique?

A) Interactive cine
B) Multiplanar reconstruction
C) Shaded surface display (SSD)
D) Volume rendering

Question 12

All of the following are fundamental imaging principles involved in real-time CT except:

A) continuous image display.
B) fast continuous scanning.
C) fast image reconstruction.
D) volume-rendering capabilities.

Question 13

The table speed can be expressed as:

A) d = R/T.
B) d = R + S/t.
C) S = R/P + t.
D) P = R/t -S.

Question 14

The operator does not have control of which action from the control console during a CT fluoroscopy procedure?

A) Detector selection
B) Table height
C) Table movement
D) Gantry tilt

Question 15

Each of the following are dedicated cardiac CT scanners except:

A) dual-source.
B) dynamic volume.
C) dual-slice.
D) AquilionONE.

Question 16

Which visualization tool is most frequently used in computed tomographic angiography examinations to display the structure of vessels?

A) Interactive cine
B) Maximum intensity projection
C) SSD
D) Volume rendering

Question 17

SSD images are useful in the display of all of the following except:

A) demonstrating tortuous structures.
B) surface controls of vessels.
C) vascular relationships.
D) vessel origins.

Question 18

Dedicated hardware components of CT fluoroscopy include all of the following except:

A) back-projection gate array.
B) fast arithmetic unit.
C) high-speed memory.
D) direct conversion detectors.

Question 19

Maximum intensity projection can be used to separate all of the following except:

A) cerebral vascular accidents.
B) intravascular thrombus.
C) lumen thrombus.
D) vascular calcifications.

Question 20

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) applications include all of the following except:

A) coronary angiography.
B) assessment of pulmonary veins.
C) gated stress imaging.
D) ventricular function assessment.

Question 21

All of the following are problems associated with transporting patients to a fixed CT scanner except:
a.
cost of staff involved in the transport.
b.
inconvenience to the patient's family.
c.
maintenance of nurse-to-patient ratio.
d.
risk of transporting unstable patients.

Question 22

Operators standing in the CT room during the procedure must wear all of the following except:

A) lead aprons.
B) lead glasses.
C) sterile gowns.
D) thyroid shields.

Question 23

The procedure that describes a geometric simulation process that provides beam arrangements and treatment fields without any dosimetric information is:

A) CT fluoroscopy.
B) CT simulation.
C) quantitative CT (QCT).
D) virtual reality CT.

Question 24

Technical developments in radiation therapy intended to improve the clinical performance of radiation treatment schemes include all of the following except:

A) accurate localization of tumor volumes.
B) dose fractionation values.
C) image guidance.
D) target delineation.

Question 25

A virtual simulator is hardware that recreates the treatment machine.

Question 26

Which step in the CT simulation process includes the beam placement and the treatment design that are executed with virtual simulation software?

A) Planning of the treatment
B) Reconstruction of the images
C) Scanning of the patient
D) Treatment setup

Question 27

During data acquisition in CT fluoroscopy, the patient remains stationary.

Question 28

During the development of CT fluoroscopy, the dose to the ________ of the operator was a concern.

A) eyes
B) hands
C) skin
D) thyroid

Question 29

Which of the following is the most sensitive of all X-ray techniques for measurement of bone mineral density?

A) Bone densitometry
B) Dual X-ray absorptiometry
C) QCT
D) Trabecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 30

The size of the needle and site of injection are not important during a computed tomographic angiography examination.

Question 31

The goal of radiation therapy is to kill tumor cells without harming surrounding healthy tissue.

Question 32

CT screening has been used in all of the following except:

A) breast screening.
B) colon screening.
C) lung cancer screening.
D) whole-body screening of healthy patients.

Question 33

All the following are advantages offered by flat-detector technology in breast CT scanning except:

A) decreased dose.
B) excellent linearity.
C) high spatial resolution.
D) no geometric distortion.

Question 34

The CT simulator features all of the following notable components except:

A) flat table top with immobilization devices.
B) large gantry aperture.
C) smaller detector array.
D) registration device.

Question 35

What action is not a step of the CT simulation process?

A) Scan the patient in the CT scanner
B) Plan the treatment and CT simulation
C) Treatment setup
D) Dose the patient with a nuclear medicine radionuclide

Question 36

Which of the following cannot reduce the dose to the patient during CT fluoroscopy?

A) Lower tube currents
B) Shorter examination times
C) Special X-ray filters
D) Shielding the imaged anatomy of interest

Question 37

The use of any medical technology for early detection of disease in asymptomatic patients is referred to as:

A) maintenance.
B) prevention.
C) screening.
D) treatment.

Question 38

Flat-detector CT (FD-CT) systems are being used in all of the following except:

A) breast CT imaging.
B) maxillofacial scanning.
C) QCT.
D) radiation therapy.

Question 39

Protective apparel must be __________ lead equivalent.

A) 0.5 mm
B) 1.0 mm
C) 1.5 mm
D) 2.0 mm

Question 40

The image reconstruction space refers to the spacing between the center of the slices.

Question 41

The direct conversion flat-panel detector is used in FD-CT systems.

Question 42

Please match the following CT applications. All answer selections will be used just once.

CT screening

A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of IV contrast
D)Real-time CT
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
G)Eliminates interference of overlapping structures to better define lesions
H)Combines images to enhance medical management of radiation therapy patients

Question 43

QCT is the use of CT for early detection of disease in asymptomatic people.

Question 44

Medical image fusion is the process of registering and combining multiple images from CT, MRI, positron emission tomography, single-photon emissions CT, and ultrasonography to improve the imaging quality and increase clinical applicability.

Question 45

Please match the following CT applications. All answer selections will be used just once.

Portable MSCT

A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of IV contrast
D)Real-time CT
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
G)Eliminates interference of overlapping structures to better define lesions
H)Combines images to enhance medical management of radiation therapy patients

Question 46

Please match the following CT applications. All answer selections will be used just once.

Medical image fusion

A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of IV contrast
D)Real-time CT
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
G)Eliminates interference of overlapping structures to better define lesions
H)Combines images to enhance medical management of radiation therapy patients

Question 47

During a CT fluoroscopy procedure, a technologist may stand on the back side of the CT gantry to avoid scatter radiation.

Question 48

Portable multislice CT (MSCT) scanners can be transported to critically ill patients.

Question 49

CT has proven useful in breast imaging due to its three dimensional nature of eliminating superimposition of structures.

Question 50

Please match the following CT applications. All answer selections will be used just once.

Computed tomographic angiography

A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of IV contrast
D)Real-time CT
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
G)Eliminates interference of overlapping structures to better define lesions
H)Combines images to enhance medical management of radiation therapy patients

Question 51

Please match the following CT applications. All answer selections will be used just once.

CT fluoroscopy

A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of IV contrast
D)Real-time CT
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
G)Eliminates interference of overlapping structures to better define lesions
H)Combines images to enhance medical management of radiation therapy patients

Question 52

Please match the following CT applications. All answer selections will be used just once.

Breast CT imaging

A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of IV contrast
D)Real-time CT
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
G)Eliminates interference of overlapping structures to better define lesions
H)Combines images to enhance medical management of radiation therapy patients

Question 53

Please match the following CT applications. All answer selections will be used just once.

QCT

A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of IV contrast
D)Real-time CT
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
G)Eliminates interference of overlapping structures to better define lesions
H)Combines images to enhance medical management of radiation therapy patients

Question 54

Please match the following CT applications. All answer selections will be used just once.

CT simulation

A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of IV contrast
D)Real-time CT
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
G)Eliminates interference of overlapping structures to better define lesions
H)Combines images to enhance medical management of radiation therapy patients