Deck 6: Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Question 1

Plant cells ________.

A)do not need chloroplasts because their mitochondria meet their energy needs
B)have chloroplasts and mitochondria
C)use carbon dioxide but do not use oxygen
D)do not need mitochondria because their chloroplasts meet their energy needs

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A horse eating some hay is an example of ________.

A)an autotroph eating a producer
B)an autotroph eating a consumer
C)a consumer eating a producer
D)a consumer eating a heterotroph

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The ultimate source of energy in food is ________.

A)the sun
B)producers
C)ATP
D)consumers

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which statement is an accurate comparison of energy-yielding processes?

A)Oxygen is a product of cellular respiration; carbon dioxide is a product of photosynthesis.
B)Lactic acid is a product of aerobic respiration; ethyl alcohol is a product of fermentation.
C)Oxidation is the gain of electrons; reduction is the loss of electrons.
D)Carbon dioxide is a product of aerobic respiration; lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration.

Question 5

Which are products of cellular respiration?

A)ATP and water
B)carbon dioxide and ATP
C)carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
D)oxygen and glucose

Question 6

The first electron acceptor of cellular respiration is ________.

A)CO₂
B)O₂
C)NAD⁺
D)H₂O

Question 7

Humans are both ________.

A)heterotrophs and consumers
B)heterotrophs and producers
C)producers and decomposers
D)autotrophs and producers

Question 8

The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ________.

A)ATP
B)oxygen
C)lactic acid
D)NAD⁺

Question 9

Photosynthetic organisms like grass are able to ________.

A)make all of their organic matter from organic molecules in the soil
B)use water they take in through their leaves as a final electron acceptor
C)turn light energy from sunlight into sugars
D)use molecules in the air as a major source of carbon

Question 10

Choose the equation that describes aerobic cellular respiration most accurately.

A)glucose → lactic acid + energy
B)energy + carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen + water
C)glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
D)energy + glucose → water + carbon dioxide

Question 11

A product of glycolysis is ________.

A)lactic acid
B)ethyl alcohol
C)O₂
D)pyruvic acid

Question 12

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

A)cytoplasm
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)within the fluid just inside the inner mitochondrial membrane
D)between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 13

Lactic acid buildup in muscles is a sign that ________.

A)aerobic respiration capacity has not been reached
B)respiration is operating effectively
C)insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles
D)the muscles will be able to operate continuously for a long time

Question 14

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?

A)C₆H₁₂O₆
B)glucose
C)ATP
D)fat

Question 15

Plants use photosynthesis to ________.

A)store chemical energy, and they use cellular respiration to harvest energy from organic molecules
B)change light energy into chemical energy as well as to harvest chemical energy
C)harvest energy from organic molecules, and they use cellular respiration to store chemical energy
D)turn light energy into sugars

Question 16

Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the air. Cellular respiration ________.

A)produces ATP
B)produces oxygen
C)produces glucose

Question 17

When electrons move through a series of electron acceptor molecules in cellular respiration ________.

A)the electrons gain energy as they move from one electron acceptor to another
B)oxygen is eventually reduced by the electrons in the formation of water
C)the electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one electron acceptor to another
D)glucose is eventually reduced by the electrons in the formation of water

Question 18

A process is referred to as aerobic if it requires ________.

A)oxygen
B)carbon dioxide
C)ATP
D)carbohydrates

Question 19

The waste products of cellular respiration include ________.

A)water only
B)carbon dioxide only
C)water and carbon dioxide
D)water and glucose

Question 20

Photosynthetic organisms are ________.

A)producers that make all of their organic matter from organic molecules that they take in
B)consumers that obtain organic molecules from other living organisms
C)producers that make their own organic matter from inorganic molecules
D)decomposers that obtain nutrients from the soil

Question 21

Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH?

A)electron transport chain
B)citric acid cycle
C)glycolysis
D)fermentation

Question 22

Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days, they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that ________.

A)the mixture needs more sugar; yeast need a lot of energy before they can begin to produce alcohol
B)the mixture needs less oxygen; yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen
C)the mixture needs more oxygen; yeast need oxygen to break down sugar to produce alcohol
D)the mixture needs less sugar; high sugar concentrations stimulate cellular respiration, and alcohol is not a by-product of cellular respiration

Question 23

Examine the figure above. Which reactant(s)primarily come(s)from the air?

A)water
B)glucose
C)carbon dioxide
D)oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 24

Glycolysis results in ________.

A)the production of CO₂
B)the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid
C)a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
D)conversion of NADH to NAD⁺

Question 25

A physician is examining a patient who fatigues easily after walking only a short distance. Tissue examination reveals that certain skeletal muscle cells are missing mitochondria. Laboratory tests are likely also to find ________.

A)the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise
B)the muscles contain large amounts of carbon dioxide following even mild physical exercise
C)the muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function
D)the muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvic acid

Question 26

Which metabolic pathway is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown?

A)the citric acid cycle
B)the electron transport chain
C)conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid
D)glycolysis

Question 27

In cellular respiration, most ATP is DIRECTLY produced as a result of ________.

A)the movement of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
B)the citric acid cycle
C)fermentation
D)the electron transport chain

Question 28

Electron transport takes place in the ________.

A)mitochondria
B)chloroplasts
C)cytoplasm
D)ribosomes

Question 29

Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to ________.

A)produce more ATP than is possible through complete aerobic respiration
B)produce ATP using the electron transport chain
C)regenerate NADH
D)produce ATP without O₂

Question 30

Examine the figure above. Which of these stages occur(s)in the cytoplasm?

A)glycolysis
B)citric acid cycle
C)glycolysis and citric acid cycle
D)citric acid cycle and electron transport

Question 31

Examine the figure above. Most of the organic matter in the tree shown in the figure comes from ________.

A)water
B)glucose
C)the air
D)the soil

Question 32

What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions?

A)ethyl alcohol
B)pyruvic acid
C)lactic acid
D)creatine

Question 33

Examine the figure. Which of these stages receive input from more than one other stage?

A)glycolysis
B)citric acid cycle
C)electron transport

Question 34

In an active muscle cell, aerobic cellular respiration generates about ________ ATP from one glucose.

A)2
B)hundreds
C)fewer than 50
D)The number generated depends on whether the end product of aerobic respiration is lactic acid or ethyl alcohol.

Question 35

What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle?

A)acetyl CoA
B)lactic acid
C)ethyl alcohol
D)citric acid

Question 36

Which claim about the history of the Earth has the most scientific support?

A)Photosynthetic producers must have come first to provide food for other organisms.
B)Anaerobic bacteria must have come first because there was no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
C)Photosynthetic producers must have come first to provide oxygen for other organisms.
D)Anaerobic organisms must have come first because there was no oxygen in the atmosphere.

Question 37

In Texas, a man showed up at a medical facility claiming that he felt drunk when he had not ingested any alcohol. Indeed his blood alcohol measured 0.37, many times the legal limit. Although he was a home brewer, he claimed that this intoxication had been happening often without his drinking any alcohol. Which of these hypotheses and actions might be most useful in diagnosing this problem?

A)His home brew concoctions have created a type of alcohol that lasts a long time. Have him refrain from home brewing for a week and recheck his blood alcohol.
B)He might have recently had a round of antibiotics that killed the bacteria that usually live in his gut and allowed a yeast species to overgrow. Put him on probiotics and a low carb diet for a week and recheck his blood alcohol.
C)The fumes from the alcohol that he is using as a cleaning solution might be getting into his bloodstream. Ask him if he is using alcohol externally.
D)Maybe he feels drunk because he has been eating mushrooms that have sprouted during this very wet weather. Check him for fungal toxins.

Question 38

Large amounts of oxygen gas first appeared in Earth's atmosphere about ________ of years ago.

A)thousands
B)millions
C)billions
D)hundreds

Question 39

The only stage of cell respiration that is not dependent on the other stages of cell respiration is ________.

A)the electron transport chain
B)the citric acid cycle
C)lactic acid fermentation
D)glycolysis

Question 40

ATP synthase plays a role in ________.

A)pulling electrons down the electron transport chain
B)glycolysis
C)pumping hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
D)generating ATP

Question 41

Which transition describes a possible order of cell respirations activities?

A)a product of the citric acid cycle enters glycolysis
B)a product of glycolysis enters the electron transport chain
C)a product of fermentation enters the citric acid cycle
D)ATP enters the electron transport chain and ADP results

Question 42

The figure above shows that ________.

A)amino acids can move directly into the electron transport chain
B)cells can use sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids to produce ATP
C)cells can produce ATP only from glucose
D)cells can produce ATP from sugars and glycerol, but not fatty acids

Question 43

Scenario: Poultry scientists recorded data to help maximize farmers' yields. They collected data about when in the life of eggs were laid by hens, how many eggs were laid by each hen in a particular age range, the weight of those eggs and the weight of the chicks that eventually hatched from those eggs. Examine the data table to answer the following questions
Egg and Chick Weight from Hens of Different Ages

Which hypothesis can be addressed with these data?

A)The time of egg laying has an impact on egg weight.
B)Bigger eggs result in larger mature chickens.
C)Young hens have fewer offspring (chicks)alive at 3 months than do older hens.
D)Egg weight is related to the amount of yolk in an egg.

Question 44

If an egg were weighed halfway between being laid and hatching, how would you expect that weight to compare to the weight of the newly laid egg?

A)The egg would weigh more at this midpoint than when laid because, during development, the chick makes new cells.
B)The egg would weigh more at this midpoint than when laid because it is taking in oxygen.
C)The egg would weigh less at this midpoint than when laid because the shell wears away over time.
D)The egg would weigh less at this midpoint than when laid because some of the mass of the egg would be released through cell respiration.

Question 45

Which molecule shown in the figure below does NOT begin cellular respiration in the cytoplasm?

A)amino acids
B)fatty acids
C)glucose
D)glycerol

Question 46

Conclusions drawn from muscle contraction experiments conducted by A.V. Hill

A)demonstrated that human muscles work the same as frog muscles.
B)have been shown to be faulty according to more recent evidence.
C)demonstrate a flaw in the process of science because the conclusions were wrong.
D)were based on poorly designed experiments without a control.

Question 47

What is(are)the main factor(s)causing differences between the chick hatch weight and the weight of the egg when it is laid?

A)The only factor that causes the chick to weigh less than the egg when it is laid is the removal of the shell.
B)Not only does the chick have no shell, but it has lost some of its mass (weight)to the air during development.
C)During development in the egg, the chick embryo grows more cells so the weight increases.
D)Egg weight immediately after laying includes a lot of organic matter that evaporates during development.

Question 48

The metabolic processes that produce acid in your muscles are similar to the processes that produce soy sauce, pepperoni, and bread. What is the similarity?

A)All involve anaerobic respiration.
B)All are food producing processes.
C)Oxygen is necessary for each process.
D)The electron transport chain is essential to each process.

Question 49

Conclusions drawn from muscle contraction experiments conducted by A.V. Hill demonstrated what about the process of science?

A)Scientific conclusions are tentative and always subject to revision.
B)Some experiments can prove hypotheses and some cannot.
C)All truly scientific conclusions are correct and should be accepted as being so.
D)Studying nonhuman animals is not useful for understanding human physiology.

Question 50

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
An abundant and continual supply of ATP is necessary for all living cells. Toxins, reduced blood flow, and a compromised respiratory system can interfere with the transport of oxygen to active cells. A runner in a marathon faces multiple obstacles to continue to produce sufficient ATP to remain competitive.
Exchanges across respiratory membranes are increased when we breathe faster as we exercise. What exchanges are increased, and why?

A)carbon dioxide out and oxygen in to support aerobic metabolism
B)oxygen out and carbon dioxide in to support aerobic metabolism
C)carbon dioxide in and lactic acid out to support anaerobic metabolism
D)oxygen in and carbon dioxide in to support anaerobic metabolism

Question 51

This figure is a model of cell respiration and like all models it has limitations. A serious limitation of this model is

A)glycolysis does not generally release products that go into the Acetyl CoA reactions
B)there are no sugars that can go directly into glycolysis
C)fatty acids must be broken down into smaller molecules to enter the Acetyl CoA reactions
D)there are ATPs produced directly from the Acetyl CoA reactions

Question 52

When the circulatory system cannot deliver oxygen fast enough to support a runner's aerobic metabolism, cells switch to an emergency mode in which ________.

A)ATP is generated less efficiently by harvesting the heat energy in a cell
B)ATP is inefficiently produced and lactic acid is generated as a by-product
C)lactic acid is broken down to produce smaller amounts of ATP
D)carbon dioxide is joined with water to generate much smaller amounts of ATP

Question 53

What processes, if any, provide energy for the developing chick?

A)alcohol producing fermentation
B)aerobic respiration
C)anaerobic respiration producing lactic acid
D)none of these processes begin until after the chick hatches