Deck 7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Question 1

The Calvin cycle requires ________ and ________ from the light reactions in order to operate.

A)glucose; carbon dioxide
B)electrons; NADH
C)ATP; NADPH
D)RuBP; NADP⁺

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The energy of wavelengths that appear ________ is LEAST useful to photosynthesis.

A)red
B)green
C)blue
D)orange

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which molecule is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A)O₂
B)CO₂
C)C₆H₁₂O₆
D)ADP

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A ________ is an autotroph

A)human
B)mushroom
C)pine tree
D)fish

Question 5

Which equation best summarizes photosynthesis?

A)6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + 6 O₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆
B)6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
C)6 CO₂ + 6 O₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O
D)C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

Question 6

The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are ________.

A)ATP and NADH
B)BTP and NADPH
C)RuBP and O2
D)ATP and NADP⁺

Question 7

Plants obtain most of their water through their ________.

A)roots
B)stem cells
C)stomata
D)leaves

Question 8

All but one of these is an advantage of biofuels from food crops. Choose the EXCEPTION.

A)reduced carbon emissions from biofuels
B)biofuels are a renewable resource
C)car manufacturers are producing cars that can use biofuels efficiently
D)biofuels are cheaper to produce

Question 9

One reason plants have accessory pigment molecules, like chlorophyll b and carotenoids, is ________.

A)to reflect more energy
B)to absorb energy in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that chlorophyll a cannot
C)to give them different colors
D)because plants cannot make enough chlorophyll a for all of their energy needs

Question 10

Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by ________.

A)taking in oxygen and making wood
B)taking in carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbohydrates)
C)synthesizing carbon dioxide and making cellulose
D)converting sugar to oxygen and water

Question 11

In photosynthesis, redox reactions ultimately transfer electrons from ________ to ________.

A)O₂; CO₂
B)C₆H₁₂O₆; O₂
C)H₂O; C₆H₁₂O₆
D)H₂O; CO₂

Question 12

A shade-tolerant plant that is provided its preferred wavelength of light, but only minimal amounts of water, would likely experience ________.

A)increased plant growth
B)increased amounts of oxygen released by the plants
C)decreased amounts of ATP being produced by the plants
D)increased growth of the plants' leaves

Question 13

A discrete packet of light is called a ________.

A)proton
B)wavelength
C)photon
D)prism

Question 14

Interconnected sacs of membranes inside the chloroplasts called ________ are suspended in a thick fluid called the ________.

A)chlorophyll; thylakoid
B)thylakoids; grana
C)thylakoids; stroma
D)grana; thylakoid

Question 15

What are the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast?

A)stroma
B)mitochondria
C)thylakoids
D)vesicles

Question 16

What wavelength of light is reflected by a plant that appears blue to us?

A)blue
B)green
C)red
D)yellow

Question 17

What is the function of stomata?

A)water absorption
B)Calvin cycle
C)surrounding photosystems
D)gas exchange

Question 18

When looking at a pigmented object, the color we see is the wavelengths that ________.

A)are absorbed by the pigmented object
B)are reflected or transmitted by the pigmented object
C)have been raised to an excited state by the pigmented object
D)the pigmented object created after interacting with sunlight

Question 19

What are grana?

A)thick fluids inside chloroplasts
B)convolutions of the inner chloroplast membrane
C)stacks of membranous sacs in chloroplasts
D)pigments found in chloroplasts

Question 20

What is responsible for the yellow-orange coloration of leaves in the fall?

A)RuBP
B)chlorophyll a
C)carotenoids
D)chlorophyll b

Question 21

Which process is found in both cellular respiration and in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A)citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)Calvin cycle
D)electron transport chain

Question 22

In the accompanying figure, the molecule that makes up the bulk of the mass of the plant comes in mostly ________.

A)through the veins, which bring materials from the roots
B)through the transparent covering of the leaf into the photosynthetic cells
C)through the stomata
D)from the roots where they are stored during the night

Question 23

When a molecule absorbs a photon, one of its electrons is raised to the ________ state.

A)energetic
B)quantum
C)positive
D)excited

Question 24

Which molecule is the source of electrons for the light reactions?

A)C₆H₁₂O₆
B)CO₂
C)NADPH
D)H₂O

Question 25

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
How many times must the Calvin cycle turn for the plant cell to be able to produce one molecule of glucose?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)six

Question 26

In photosynthesis, an H⁺ ion gradient forms across the ________.

A)thylakoid membrane
B)outer chloroplast membrane
C)endomembrane
D)inner chloroplast membrane

Question 27

Scientists are working to create a better biofuel factory through which processes?

A)increasing the rate at which certain algae reproduce
B)developing strains of algae that can clean up oil spills
C)increasing the genetic variation in groups of algae
D)restricting hydrocarbon production

Question 28

The Calvin cycle makes direct use of ________ to make ________.

A)light energy and CO₂; sugar
B)CO₂, ATP, and NADPH; sugar and O₂
C)light energy, CO₂, and water; sugar and O₂
D)CO₂, ATP, and NADPH; sugar

Question 29

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is TRUE regarding the behavior of a chlorophyll molecule as it absorbs a photon?

A)An electron goes from the excited state to the ground state.
B)Light is released.
C)The energy of a photon raises an electron to the excited state.
D)ATP is broken down.

Question 30

The shorter the wavelength of visible light, the ________.

A)less energy that is absorbed by photosynthetic pigments
B)redder the color
C)more photons it contains
D)greater the energy

Question 31

If the interior of the thylakoid were not a sealed compartment, ________.

A)there would be no location for the electron transport chain
B)light would not be able to reach the photosystems
C)water could not be split
D)the proton gradient could not be maintained

Question 32

Plant photosystems are located in ________.

A)chlorophyll molecules
B)thylakoid membranes
C)mitochondria
D)stroma

Question 33

What compound is found at the reaction center of a photosystem?

A)chlorophyll b
B)carotenoids
C)phycobilins
D)chlorophyll a

Question 34

________ is the source of the oxygen gas released by a photosystem.

A)H₂O
B)Chlorophyll a
C)CO₂
D)C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 35

The light reactions are generally presented in zig-zag patterns, as shown in the accompanying figure which has an implied amount of energy on the vertical axis. What is the significance of the primary electron receptor shown at position 2 being slightly higher than the primary electron receptor shown at position 3?

A)The electron that has been accepted gains energy as it leaves the primary electron receptor at 2 and heads to the primary electron receptor at position 3.
B)The primary electron receptor at 2 has slightly less energy than the primary electron receptor at position 3.
C)The primary electron receptor at position 2 comes before the primary electron receptor at position 3.
D)Since electrons have given off energy in the electron transport chain, they can be boosted higher by the second photosystem.

Question 36

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.
Which statement BEST describes the direct mechanism of ATP production during photosynthesis?

A)uses energy generated as hydrogen ions (H⁺)move to an area where there are more hydrogen ions this energy is directly used to make ATP
B)uses energy released as excited electrons are passed from one molecule to another in the electron transport system; the energy is converted to the chemical bond energy of ATP
C)uses energy stored in excited electrons; as the electrons move from the excited state to the ground state, the energy released is directly converted to the energy stored in the third phosphate bond in ATP
D)uses energy stored in hydrogen ion (H⁺)gradients; the potential energy of the proton gradient is released as the protons move down their gradient through special membrane protein channels; this energy is directly converted to chemical bond energy in the ATP molecule

Question 37

Which compound is a direct output of the Calvin cycle?

A)C₆H₁₂O₆
B)NADPH
C)G3P
D)ATP

Question 38

When a molecule releases energy gained by absorption of a photon, in what form may that energy be released?

A)heat
B)fluorescence
C)light
D)all of the above

Question 39

The light reactions of photosynthesis take place ________.

A)in the stroma
B)in the mitochondria
C)in the thylakoid membrane
D)in the cytosol

Question 40

Refer to the accompanying figure. Plant cells that contain the organelle responsible for photosynthesis are concentrated in cells of the ________.

A)roots
B)leaves
C)stomata
D)grana

Question 41

The last stage of one complete turn of the Calvin cycle involves regeneration of ________.

A)G3P
B)CO₂
C)RuBP
D)sugar

Question 42

Please use the following information to answer the following questions.
You work for a company selling tropical rain forest plants commonly found in the understory of the forest. These plants are shade tolerant and can be grown indoors because they require low light. Your employer wants you to find out what is the best type of light to maximize growth of these understory plants. Using a full spectrum of natural light would cause these plants to die because they are a shade-tolerant plant species.
From your biology class, you recall that the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve pigment molecules that absorb light of specific wavelengths. You also remember the experiments done by the German biologist Theodor Engelmann, in which he separated light using a prism into different wavelengths and then determined which wavelengths were best for promoting photosynthesis in the algae species he was examining. Your goal is to determine which wavelengths (colors)of light are best for promoting photosynthesis to enhance growth in your species of plant. To achieve this, you grew your plants under different wavelengths of light and measured their growth rates. The wavelengths were measured in nanometers (nm), and the growth rate was measured in millimeters per day (mm/day). The data you collected are as follows:
Make a bar graph plotting growth rates on the y-axis and wavelengths of light on the x-axis. Referring to your graph, answer the following questions:
Which wavelength of light is the LEAST useful to your plants' growth?

A)750 nm
B)650 nm
C)550 nm
D)500 nm

Question 43

Please use the following information to answer the following questions.
You work for a company selling tropical rain forest plants commonly found in the understory of the forest. These plants are shade tolerant and can be grown indoors because they require low light. Your employer wants you to find out what is the best type of light to maximize growth of these understory plants. Using a full spectrum of natural light would cause these plants to die because they are a shade-tolerant plant species.
From your biology class, you recall that the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve pigment molecules that absorb light of specific wavelengths. You also remember the experiments done by the German biologist Theodor Engelmann, in which he separated light using a prism into different wavelengths and then determined which wavelengths were best for promoting photosynthesis in the algae species he was examining. Your goal is to determine which wavelengths (colors)of light are best for promoting photosynthesis to enhance growth in your species of plant. To achieve this, you grew your plants under different wavelengths of light and measured their growth rates. The wavelengths were measured in nanometers (nm), and the growth rate was measured in millimeters per day (mm/day). The data you collected are as follows:
Make a bar graph plotting growth rates on the y-axis and wavelengths of light on the x-axis. Referring to your graph, answer the following questions:
Which of these wavelengths is LEAST useful to your plants?

A)650 nm
B)450 nm
C)550 nm
D)400 nm

Question 44

The first step of the Calvin cycle is the incorporation of ________ into ________.

A)O₂; G3P
B)RuBP; O₂
C)CO₂; RuBP
D)G3P; RuBP

Question 45

If an herbicide blocked the Calvin cycle before the generation of G3P, what would happen?

A)The plant would still be able to make sugar, just a lot less.
B)No oxygen would be released by the plant.
C)No sugar would be made by the plant.
D)Only RuBP would be recycled.

Question 46

The rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant can be determined by the number of bubbles released from the plant. These bubbles ________.

A)are hydrogen released when water is split
B)are oxygen released when water is split
C)are mostly carbon dioxide released when sugars are metabolized
D)are water released when sugars are metabolized

Question 47

A plant that was grown in the dark continuously would ________.

A)not be able to take in CO₂ without sunlight
B)not be able to split water to provide NADH
C)continue to photosynthesize because to in carbon dioxide, the only outside input to the Calvin cycle, does not require sunlight
D)remain healthy because plants have stored materials in their roots that can provide what the Calvin cycle needs

Question 48

A student saw a bumper sticker with "Have you thanked a green plant today." This likely referred to ________.

A)without plants to cool the earth, life would have boiled away
B)without plants to produce oxygen, most organisms could not survive
C)without plants to produce firewood, humans would freeze to death
D)without plants to feed decomposers, the soil would be sterile

Question 49

Some plant species require shaded conditions while other plant species require bright sunlight. Shade tolerance is best related to which of these characteristics?

A)Different species of plants have different ratios of pigment molecules that utilize different wavelengths of light.
B)Plant leaves without a protective coating are subject to sunburn.
C)Some species of plants are able to produce sugar without ever having been exposed to sunlight.
D)Some species of plants are consumers and do not need sunlight.

Question 50

Plants need carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms to synthesize organic molecules to make new leaves, roots, or stems. Which statement about where they get these atoms is correct?

A)The carbon atoms come from the air.
B)The carbon atoms come from the soil.
C)The oxygen atoms come from water through the roots.
D)The oxygen is breathed in by the plants.

Question 51

The rate of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant can be determined by the number of bubbles released from the plant. The number of bubbles ________.

A)will increase in the presence of predominately green light
B)is most numerous in the dark
C)is less numerous at greater depths than at shallower depths
D)will stay the same throughout a 24-hour period

Question 52

Please use the following information to answer the following questions.
You work for a company selling tropical rain forest plants commonly found in the understory of the forest. These plants are shade tolerant and can be grown indoors because they require low light. Your employer wants you to find out what is the best type of light to maximize growth of these understory plants. Using a full spectrum of natural light would cause these plants to die because they are a shade-tolerant plant species.
From your biology class, you recall that the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve pigment molecules that absorb light of specific wavelengths. You also remember the experiments done by the German biologist Theodor Engelmann, in which he separated light using a prism into different wavelengths and then determined which wavelengths were best for promoting photosynthesis in the algae species he was examining. Your goal is to determine which wavelengths (colors)of light are best for promoting photosynthesis to enhance growth in your species of plant. To achieve this, you grew your plants under different wavelengths of light and measured their growth rates. The wavelengths were measured in nanometers (nm), and the growth rate was measured in millimeters per day (mm/day). The data you collected are as follows:
Make a bar graph plotting growth rates on the y-axis and wavelengths of light on the x-axis. Referring to your graph, answer the following questions:
Which wavelength is best for your plants' growth?

A)650 nm
B)550 nm
C)500 nm
D)400 nm