Deck 4: A Tour of the Cell

Question 1

Most human cells contain ________ chromosomes.

A)36
B)46
C)2
D)23

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region that surrounds organelles but is not found inside the nucleus?

A)cytoplasm
B)phospholipid bilayer
C)nucleoid
D)chloroplast

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The extracellular matrix of animal cells ________.

A)protects and supports cells
B)provides avenues for the exchange of DNA
C)is a warehouse for the storage of extra lipids and carbohydrates
D)is primarily a site of dead matter and waste materials

Answer 3

A

Question 4

________ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.

A)Steroids
B)Fats
C)Phospholipids

Question 5

Plants are susceptible to bacterial infections, which can damage their structure or even kill them. Which would be the best antibiotic to treat a plant that is infected with bacteria?

A)a drug that interferes with mitochondria function
B)a drug that disrupts cell wall structure and function
C)a drug that destroys the central vacuole
D)a drug that blocks gene expression in circular chromosomes

Question 6

When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ________.

A)have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water
B)have hydrophilic fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups that avoid water
C)have hydrophilic heads that are attracted to their hydrophobic tails

Question 7

All of the following options (except one)are locations where ribosomes are found inside the cell. Choose the exception.

A)inside the nucleus
B)in the cytosol
C)attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D)attached to the outside of the nucleus

Question 8

When using a microscope to view cells you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cells lack nuclei; therefore, you conclude that the cells must be a type of ________ cell.

A)plant
B)eukaryotic
C)fungal
D)prokaryotic

Question 9

Which structure manufactures the components of ribosomes?

A)nucleus
B)cytoplasm
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)nucleolus

Question 10

You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it is likely to be a(n)________ cell.

A)prokaryotic
B)animal
C)bacterial
D)plant

Question 11

The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ________.

A)nucleoli
B)RNA
C)chromatin
D)ribosomes

Question 12

Which is a feature of prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells?

A)fimbriae
B)cell wall
C)flagella
D)ribosomes

Question 13

Which is a function of the plasma membrane?

A)regulate traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell
B)regulate production of lipids in the cell
C)regulate transport of DNA in and out of the nucleus
D)regulate production of proteins in the cell

Question 14

Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ________.

A)mRNA
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)DNA
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

The endomembrane system includes ________.

A)ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
B)Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
C)Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum
D)Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ________ prokaryotic cells.

A)have DNA, which is lacking in
B)have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in
C)have a plasma membrane, which is lacking in
D)have a nucleoid region, which is lacking in

Question 17

Where does protein synthesis take place?

A)in the nucleolus
B)on smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)on ribosomes
D)in the nucleus

Question 18

The nuclear envelope is composed of ________.

A)chromatin
B)DNA
C)a double membrane
D)carbohydrates

Question 19

The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ________.

A)phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
B)phospholipids but not proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
C)most proteins but not phospholipids to drift about in the plane of the membrane
D)carbohydrates to drift into and out of the membrane

Question 20

What is a gene?

A)A portion of a protein that contains information to produce DNA.
B)A portion of DNA that contains information to produce a protein.
C)A portion of RNA that contains information to produce a protein.
D)A portion of DNA that contains information to produce additional DNA.

Question 21

Vacuoles are ________.

A)membranous sacs
B)manufactured by ribosomes
C)composed of microtubules
D)found only in plant cells

Question 22

If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ________.

A)shrivel
B)divide into two cells
C)digest itself
D)need to manufacture more lysosomes

Question 23

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in ________ cells.

A)brain
B)liver
C)intestinal
D)muscle

Question 24

A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ________.

A)in a marine environment
B)within the cells of another organism
C)in fresh water

Question 25

Tay-Sachs disease results from ________ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme.

A)the Golgi apparatus
B)lysosomes
C)mitochondria
D)the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________.

A)steroid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
B)lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification
C)lipid synthesis and drug detoxification
D)lipid synthesis and storage of genetic information

Question 27

Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ________.

A)cell wall and a contractile vacuole
B)cell wall and a central vacuole
C)nucleus and a cell wall
D)nucleus and a contractile vacuole

Question 28

Which makes up portions of the cytoskeleton?

A)cilia
B)flagella
C)microtubules

Question 29

Which adaptation increases the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration?

A)cristae of a mitochondrion
B)outer membrane of a chloroplast
C)grana of a chloroplast
D)outer membrane of a mitochondrion

Question 30

A hormone that is secreted from a cell is manufactured by ribosomes ________.

A)attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
B)attached to the Golgi apparatus
C)attached to the plasma membrane
D)inside the nucleus

Question 31

In plant cells, ________ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.

A)mitochondria
B)chloroplasts
C)lysosomes
D)central vacuoles

Question 32

During a race such as a marathon, the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles. What organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells?

A)mitochondria
B)Golgi apparatus
C)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

Cells in the thyroid gland produce and secrete thyroid hormone (a polymer of amino acids)that helps to regulate metabolism. What organelle is most likely abundant in cells of the thyroid gland?

A)mitochondria
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)free ribosomes
D)lysosomes

Question 34

Transport vesicles move proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to what other organelle?

A)mitochondria
B)nucleus
C)Golgi apparatus
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 35

Which is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

A)digestion of organic matter inside the cell
B)protein modification
C)drug detoxification
D)cell respiration

Question 36

Digestion of organic matter inside the cell takes place in what organelle?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)mitochondrion
C)lysosome
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ________.

A)of sunlight to energy stored in organic compounds
B)stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP
C)stored in ATP to energy stored in food molecules
D)stored in ATP to energy used to do work

Question 38

Which part(s)of a cell is (are)most like the shipping center of a company?

A)the Golgi apparatus
B)mitochondria
C)chloroplasts
D)the nucleolus

Question 39

What is the major function of chloroplasts?

A)to store water
B)to degrade cellular waste products
C)to manufacture proteins
D)to allow for photosynthesis to occur

Question 40

Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ________.

A)surrounded by two membranes
B)able to synthesize carbohydrates
C)manufactured by the nucleolus
D)able to synthesize lipids

Question 41

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Different species of bacteria are resistant to different types of antibiotics. For example, one species of bacteria may be resistant to an antibiotic that targets bacterial ribosomes but may not be resistant to a different antibiotic that targets bacterial cell walls. In order to figure out what type of antibiotic(s)a species of bacteria was resistant to, a researcher treated the bacteria with four different antibiotics (A, B, C, and D)and measured how many bacteria were alive over the course of a few weeks. The data that she collected are summarized below.
The bacteria show the greatest resistance to which antibiotic?

A)Antibiotic A
B)Antibiotic B
C)Antibiotic C
D)Antibiotic D

Question 42

Which characteristic of chloroplasts suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?

A)Chloroplasts have cell walls.
B)Chloroplasts contain pigments.
C)Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
D)A single, highly folded plasma membrane surrounds chloroplasts.

Question 43

The child shown in the figure below is not feeling well. Why does the poster say "No Antibiotics Please?"

A)His illness may be caused by an allergy to penicillin.
B)His illness is caused by bacteria.
C)His illness is caused by a virus.

Question 44

The microscope best for viewing living cells at low levels of magnification is the ________.

A)light microscope
B)scanning electron microscope
C)transmission electron microscope

Question 45

Why do bacteria numbers start to decline when treated with antibiotic C but then begin to increase as time goes on?

A)Some bacteria with resistance to antibiotic C were selected for over time.
B)Additional bacteria were added to the experimental group.
C)Antibiotic C degraded and thus was no longer effective.
D)This is the normal course of bacterial growth no matter which antibiotic is applied.

Question 46

The figure shows a Paramecium, a single-celled freshwater protist. The hairlike structures visible on the Paramecium allow it to move. These structures are ________.

A)microfilaments
B)intermediate filaments
C)flagella
D)cilia

Question 47

Where is this molecule normally found in a eukaryotic cell?

A)cytosol
B)Golgi apparatus
C)nucleus
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 48

You are working in the lab and want to use a microscope to examine the fimbriae of a bacterium at the highest magnification possible. What type of microscope should you use?

A)light microscope
B)scanning electron microscope
C)transmission electron microscope

Question 49

If you were treating a patient infected with this species of bacteria, which antibiotic would you prescribe to kill the bacteria most effectively?

A)Antibiotic A
B)Antibiotic B
C)Antibiotic C
D)Antibiotic D

Question 50

Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke)are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal)pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the BEST explanation for this phenomenon?

A)Tobacco interferes with the microtubule network of eggs, thus weakening their structure.
B)Tobacco interferes with the functioning of microtubules in sperm cells.
C)Tobacco interferes with microfilament formation in sperm, thereby forcing the zygote to implant in the tubes of the oviduct
D)Tobacco interferes with sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus.

Question 51

Scientists are always on the hunt for new and more effective antibiotics. Suppose that a new antibiotic (antibiotic X)is discovered that may be able to kill MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus), a particularly dangerous and resistant strain of bacteria. Which experiment would be best to conduct to determine if antibiotic X is more effective at killing MRSA than the antibiotic penicillin?

A)Treat a sample of MRSA with both antibiotic X and penicillin, and count how many MRSA cells are alive after three days.
B)Treat a sample of MRSA with only antibiotic X and a second sample of MRSA with only penicillin, and count how many MRSA cells are alive in each sample after three days.
C)Treat a sample of MRSA with only antibiotic X, and count how many MRSA cells are alive after three days.
D)Treat a sample of MRSA with only penicillin, and count how many MRSA cells are alive after three days.

Question 52

Examine the structure of the plant cell in the figure. Which organelles connect(s)to the endoplasmic reticulum?

A)the Golgi apparatus
B)lysosomes
C)mitochondria
D)nuclear envelope

Question 53

Suppose you are designing an antibiotic that specifically targets prokaryotic cells. Which labeled structure in the figure below should you target such that the antibiotic only affects prokaryotic cells?

A)structure A
B)structure B
C)structure C

Question 54

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
The first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago.
What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts?

A)Mitochondria can sometimes divide to produce chloroplasts.
B)Only mitochondria have their own DNA.
C)Some mitochondria have chloroplasts inside of them.
D)Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.

Question 55

Which characteristic of mitochondria suggests they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?

A)Mitochondria have cell walls.
B)The plasma membrane of a mitochondrion is the site of many important steps of cellular respiration.
C)Mitochondria have their own DNA.
D)Mitochondria rely upon proteins as their source of energy.

Question 56

Using the figure for a reference, approximately how many times larger is the smallest bacteria compared to an atom?

A)10 times larger
B)100 times larger
C)1,000 times larger
D)10,000 times larger

Question 57

What cellular structure do antibiotics typically target?

A)cell walls
B)cell membranes
C)mitochondria
D)vacuoles