Deck 17: The Evolution of Animals

Question 1

Sponges are examples of ________.

A)animals that exhibit bilateral symmetry
B)photoautotrophs
C)animals that lack a true body cavity
D)suspension feeders

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What name is given to the food-trapping cells of sponges?

A)cnidocytes
B)amoebocytes
C)skeletal fibers
D)choanocytes

Answer 2

D

Question 3

On a hike in the mountains, you find a stream with a rocky bottom. Many of the rocks are covered in algae. Which type of mollusc is most likely to be found living in this environment?

A)A cephalopod because it can move quickly through the stream to avoid predators.
B)A gastropod because it can use its radula to scrape the rocks for algae on which to feed.
C)A bivalve because its sedentary life style allows it to remain still when currents flow over the rocks.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Unique features of vertebrates include the presence of a(n)________.

A)endoskeleton and suckers
B)notochord and feathery tentacles
C)skull and a backbone
D)pharyngeal slit and a mantle

Question 5

The common ancestor of all animals is likely to have been a ________.

A)colonial, flagellated protist
B)colonial, ciliated protist
C)colonial, flagellated bacterium
D)colonial, ciliated bacterium

Question 6

All ________ exhibit the arthropod characteristic of multiple pairs of specialized appendages.

A)crustaceans
B)arachnids
C)flatworms
D)roundworms

Question 7

Which mode of nutrition characteristic distinguishes animals from other eukaryotes?

A)Animals obtain nutrients by absorption.
B)Animals obtain nutrients by eating.
C)Animals use photosynthesis to produce their own food.

Question 8

________ are the most diverse group of arthropods.

A)Insects
B)Millipedes
C)Arachnids
D)Crustaceans

Question 9

A characteristic of arthropods that has allowed for their great success is the presence of ________.

A)bilateral symmetry
B)an endoskeleton
C)a brain
D)specialized segments

Question 10

You are given the task of confirming the categorization of a newly discovered animal that has been tagged as a species of annelid. What evidence would convince you that it is an annelid and not a roundworm or flatworm?

A)an incomplete digestive tract
B)presence of a highly branched gastrovascular cavity
C)parasitic feeding habits
D)body segmentation

Question 11

You are given the task of confirming the categorization of a newly discovered marine animal that has been tagged as a species of echinoderm. What evidence would convince you that it is an echinoderm and not different marine animal such as a sponge or sea anemone?

A)a lack of segmentation
B)presence of a water vascular system
C)presence of radial symmetry
D)larvae with bilateral symmetry

Question 12

Radial symmetry is seen in a ________.

A)butterfly
B)spoon
C)snowflake
D)shoe box

Question 13

________ are characterized body tissues, radial symmetry, and tentacles with stinging cells.

A)Annelids
B)Sponges
C)Cnidarians
D)Roundworms

Question 14

You discover an organism that has scaly skin and is aquatic but returns to the land to reproduce. What else would you expect to find in this organism?

A)asexual reproduction
B)amniotic egg
C)a water vascular system
D)radial symmetry

Question 15

Which animals have a cylindrical body that is tapered at both ends?

A)platyhelminthes
B)cnidarians
C)annelids
D)roundworms

Question 16

Which characteristic is common to all chordates?

A)They all have vertebral columns.
B)They all exhibit radial symmetry.
C)They all have a notochord sometime during their life cycle.
D)They all have an exoskeleton sometime during their life cycle.

Question 17

The stationary stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the ________ stage.

A)bilateral
B)polyp
C)tadpole
D)medusa

Question 18

There are more species of ________ than of any other type of animal.

A)nematodes
B)molluscs
C)arthropods
D)chordates

Question 19

The arthropod skeleton is composed of ________.

A)mucus
B)suckers
C)chitin
D)amoebocytes

Question 20

A(n)________ is an example of a chordate that is not a vertebrate.

A)lancelet
B)echinoderm
C)bird
D)fish

Question 21

Which human characteristic was hypothesized to have evolved first but was later found NOT to have evolved first?

A)enlarged brain
B)erect posture
C)language
D)loss of body hair

Question 22

The first hominid species to spread beyond Africa was ________.

A)Paranthropus robustus
B)Australopithecus afarensis
C)Homo erectus
D)Homo neanderthalensis

Question 23

Almost every element of bird anatomy is modified for what?

A)laying eggs
B)eating seeds
C)flying
D)development of unique songs

Question 24

All chordates have ________.

A)a dorsal, hollow nerve cord and a notochord
B)a post-anal tail and a single opening for the mouth and anus
C)a cranium and vertebrae
D)pharyngeal slits and a cranium

Question 25

________ are the mammalian group that lays eggs.

A)Eutherians
B)Tunicates
C)Monotremes
D)Marsupials

Question 26

How do New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys?

A)New World monkeys have a prehensile tail.
B)New World monkeys have enhanced depth perception.
C)Old World monkeys are arboreal.
D)Old World monkeys have claws.

Question 27

Tunicates are examples of ________.

A)annelids
B)flatworms
C)chordates
D)tunicates

Question 28

What is a way in which scientists can test hypotheses about events that occurred in the distant past?

A)by dissecting current animal specimens
B)by analyzing fossils recovered from the Earth
C)by visiting local libraries to research the events
D)by interviewing current scientists and researchers

Question 29

Placental mammals are called ________.

A)birds
B)marsupials
C)eutherians
D)monotremes

Question 30

Which group of fishes includes a lineage that migrated out of fresh water and adapted to life on land?

A)ray-finned fishes
B)jawless fishes
C)lobe-finned fishes
D)cartilaginous fishes

Question 31

A feature that freed reptiles from dependence on water for reproduction is ________.

A)parental care of eggs
B)ectothermy
C)metamorphosis
D)the amniotic egg

Question 32

A feature unique to mammals includes ________.

A)the presence of hair
B)extended parental care of young
C)endothermy
D)laying amniotic eggs

Question 33

A characteristic that is shared by snakes and birds is ________.

A)ectothermy
B)the presence of only a single ovary in females
C)the amniotic egg
D)endothermy

Question 34

While on an archaeology expedition, you unearth a skeleton with the following characteristics: four long, slender finger bones and a smaller opposable thumb bone, long arm bones, fingernails, and eye sockets close together on a skull. What type of organism do you suspect you may have found?

A)an anthropoid
B)an anthropod
C)a crustacean
D)a marsupial

Question 35

Swim bladders ________.

A)contain gills
B)are required for fish to exchange gases with surrounding water
C)are present in both bony and cartilaginous fishes
D)help bony fish to maintain buoyancy

Question 36

What does the term "tetrapod" mean?

A)egg-laying
B)living on land
C)living a double life
D)having four feet

Question 37

At a natural history museum, you see a skeleton with the following characteristics: four long, slender finger bones and a smaller opposable thumb bone, and larger feet with long toes. In what type of environment would you expect this organism to have lived?

A)one that lacks vegetation
B)one that is very cold
C)one that is very dry
D)one that is heavily forested

Question 38

Rays are a type of ________.

A)tunicate
B)cartilaginous fish
C)jawless fish
D)bony fish

Question 39

Among vertebrates, the unique feature of lampreys and hagfish is the ________.

A)presence of a cartilaginous skeleton
B)absence of a backbone
C)absence of jaws
D)absence of a post-anal tail

Question 40

Where did humans first appear?

A)South America
B)Africa
C)Asia
D)Europe

Question 41

The process of biological evolution often allows humans to survive consistent environmental stresses that occur across multiple generations. As humans colonized Earth's diverse environments, they encountered hot, dry areas and decided to settle. What trait likely offered an advantage in this environment?

A)the ability to produce sweat to cool their bodies
B)the ability to shiver to create body heat
C)the ability to squint eyes to block out bright light
D)the ability to dig deep holes to find groundwater

Question 42

If researchers are able to determine when HIVs emerged and therefore how transmission of these viruses to humans occurred, how will this help modern medical care?

A)This information will allow new medical instruments to be produced.
B)This information will allow those infected with HIVs to be cured.
C)This information will enable construction of new medical facilities.
D)This information will enable scientists to find ways to prevent future transmissions.

Question 43

When the crown of thorns starfish hatches, it has a semitransparent, jellylike appearance with a non-defined shape. As it ages, it grows arms and then spikes, giving rise to its name. This dramatic change in its body features describes the starfish's ________.

A)metamorphosis
B)medusa body plan
C)water vascular system
D)molting

Question 44

The evolutionary tree indicates that ________ anthropoids are most closely related to humans?

A)orangutans
B)chimpanzees
C)gorillas
D)gibbons

Question 45

What would be an appropriate method to use if scientists wanted to determine how mutations of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIVs)have changed over time from a common ancestor?

A)animal life cycle analysis
B)application of the molecular clock
C)fossil evidence analysis

Question 46

All but one of these traits result from evolutionary responses of ancient ancestors to their physical and cultural environment. Choose the EXCEPTION.

A)high frequency of sickle hemoglobin
B)inherited blood disorders called thalassemia
C)increased hair loss with age
D)ability to digest lactose as adults

Question 47

The evolutionary tree indicates that humans and orangutans shared a common ancestor approximately ________.

A)1 million years ago
B)7 million years ago
C)12 million years ago
D)20 million years ago

Question 48

Suppose that the re-analysis of the genetic data confirmed that Combjellies are the oldest animal phylum. It is therefore likely that their complex traits, such as organ systems, would probably have been present in the common ancestor as well. Therefore, any organisms that would have diverged from the common ancestor after the comb jellies, such as sponges, should likely have similar organ systems. What is the best hypothesis for why sponges do not have a nervous system?

A)As sponges evolved over time, they lost the nervous system.
B)The amoebocytes that make the fibers of a sponge skeleton were not strong enough to support a nervous system.
C)As suspension feeders, sponges could not take in enough nutrients to support the development of a nervous system.
D)As stationary animals, sponges could not move to avoid predators, so they don't live long enough to develop a nervous system.

Question 49

The phylogenetic tree indicates that annelids are most closely related to ________.

A)chordates
B)arthropods
C)molluscs
D)echinoderms

Question 50

The phylogenetic tree indicates that flatworms are similar to cnidarians in that both ________.

A)are chordates
B)have true tissues
C)exhibit radial symmetry
D)exhibit bilateral symmetry

Question 51

The figure shows a simple worm. Bilateral symmetry and a highly branched gastrovascular cavity all suggest that the worm is a(n)________.

A)annelid
B)mollusk
C)chordate
D)flatworm

Question 52

The phylogenetic tree indicates that ________ demonstrate the most advanced body plan in reference to the presence of tissues and bilateral symmetry.

A)sponges
B)cnidarians
C)ancestral protists
D)arthropods

Question 53

What type of symmetry does this organism exhibit?

A)asymmetrical
B)radial
C)bilateral

Question 54

In the image, the segmented body of the worm suggests that it is a(n)________.

A)annelid
B)arthropod
C)snake
D)roundworm

Question 55

The evolutionary indicates that if a new anthropoid specimen was discovered and estimated to be approximately 42 million years old, it would be characterized as ________.

A)a species of New World monkey or a species of Old World monkey
B)a species of lemur
C)a species of tarsier
D)a species that evolved from a new ancestral primate

Question 56

If Comb jellies were actually found to be the oldest animal phylum, how would this information impact our current understanding of the evolution of organisms?

A)We would have to rethink our understanding of aspects of early evolution of multicellular animals such as the origins of nervous systems, tissues, and organs.
B)We would have to re-classify numerous invertebrate species as vertebrate species.
C)We would have to re-classify sponges into groups of organisms that exhibit bilateral symmetry.
D)We would have to throw out all fossil evidence of animal diversification thought to occur during the Cambrian period.

Question 57

Most animals are ________ and reproduce ________.

A)haploid; sexually
B)diploid; sexually
C)haploid; asexually
D)diploid; asexually

Question 58

Insects, such as the grasshopper in the image, have ________.

A)eight legs
B)a two-part body: head and abdomen
C)a three-part body: head, thorax, and abdomen
D)no wings

Question 59

All but one of these reasons indicate why humans have successfully colonized almost every major habitat on Earth. Choose the EXCEPTION.

A)Large amount of connections between cells in the brain.
B)Low ratio of brain volume to body mass.
C)Humans' abilities to learn and change behavior.
D)As the environment became less predictable, increase in brain size enabled humans to plan and change behavior rather than relying only on instinct.

Question 60

The phylogenetic tree indicates that ________ are most closely related to chordates?

A)molluscs
B)echinoderms
C)annelids
D)arthropods