Deck 10: Conception, Pregnancy and Childbirth

Question 1

Of couples who experience infertility problems, how many will eventually succeed in conceiving a child?

A)20%
B)35%
C)50%
D)60%

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Just prior to ovulation, basal body temperature

A)rises slightly and remains higher for three to four days.
B)dips slightly then rises and remains elevated until menstruation.
C)rises slightly then dips and remains slightly lower until menstruation.
D)dips slightly and remains lower until menstruation ends.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How long should a couple have tried to conceive before being considered infertile?

A)3 months
B)6 months
C)10 months
D)12 months

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Hyaluronidase is a(n)

A)treatment for cervical cancer.
B)enzyme.
C)bacterium.
D)abnormal growth.

Question 5

Which of the following does not cause infertility in women?

A)irregular ovulation
B)endometriosis
C)vaginitis
D)declining hormone levels

Question 6

In what percentage of cases is the male partner the source of infertility?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 7

Collecting the sperm from multiple ejaculations of a man with low sperm count and injecting them into a woman's uterus is a technique known as

A)sperm uterine transfer.
B)natural fertility enhancement.
C)sperm multiplier therapy.
D)artificial insemination.

Question 8

Over-the-counter ovulation kits analyze the urine or saliva for the presence of

A)luteinizing hormone.
B)estrogen.
C)follicle stimulating hormone.
D)progesterone.

Question 9

What percentage of female ovulation problems are attributed to a lack of ovulation?

A)3% to 5%
B)7% to 8%
C)10% to 15%
D)20% to 25%

Question 10

Laparoscopy is

A)an abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue swells beyond the abdominal cavity.
B)a medical procedure in which a long, narrow tube is inserted through an incision in the naval, permitting the visual inspection of organs in the pelvic cavity.
C)a test in which carbon dioxide gas is blown through the cervix and its progress through the reproductive tract is tracked to determine whether fallopian tubes are blocked.
D)a test in which a dye is injected into the reproductive tract and its progress is tracked by X-rays to determine whether the fallopian tubes are blocked.

Question 11

Which of the following may contribute to a low sperm count?

A)infrequent ejaculation
B)cold showers or baths
C)a low-fat diet
D)tight fitting underwear

Question 12

Sperm counts have been increased by

A)a high fiber diet.
B)surgical repair of the varicose veins in the scrotum.
C)an increase in cardio-vascular activity.
D)taking steps to keep the testicles warm.

Question 13

The drug clomiphene works by stimulating the release of

A)estrogen in non-ovulating women.
B)testosterone in men with low sperm counts.
C)follicle-stimulating hormone in men with low sperm counts.
D)follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in non-ovulating women.

Question 14

What percentage of North American couples experience infertility?

A)5%
B)15%
C)35%
D)45%

Question 15

Endometriosis occurs when

A)infectious agents scar the fallopian tubes.
B)cells break away from the uterine lining, implant, and grow elsewhere.
C)hormonal imbalances prevent ovulation.
D)malnutrition causes hormonal imbalances and prevents ovulation.

Question 16

For men whose sperm are immature, which procedure produces the best chance of conception?

A)removal of sperm from the testes and in vitro fertilization
B)pooling of several ejaculates and injection of the sperm into the uterus
C)pooling of several ejaculates and injection of the sperm near the cervix
D)small injections of estrogens to increase sperm count and viability

Question 17

Sarah and Jim have decided to have a child and have stopped using birth control. It has been several months and Sarah is still not successful. Which of the following suggestions should they follow to increase their chance of conception?

A)use the female superior position
B)engage in coitus when her vaginal mucus is clean and thin
C)engage in coitus within a few hours of ovulation
D)engage in coitus when her basal temperature starts to climb

Question 18

Which is the most likely cause of infertility issues in men?

A)a pituitary imbalance
B)low sperm count
C)diabetes
D)thyroid disease

Question 19

What is the gelatinous layer that surrounds an ovum?

A)zona pellucida
B)hyaluronidase
C)epiovum
D)gonadotropin

Question 20

John and his partner are trying to conceive. John knows that his sperm count is slightly low. Which recommendation should John follow for the best chance of conception?

A)John and his partner should have intercourse every day for the entire week.
B)John and his partner should have intercourse twice a day for the entire week.
C)John and his partner should engage in intercourse every 72 hours and John should masturbate every day to increase his sperm count.
D)John and his partner should have intercourse every 48 hours.

Question 21

Over-the-counter pregnancy tests are intended to detect

A)luteinizing hormone in the urine.
B)lower than normal estrogen levels in the blood.
C)higher than normal follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the urine.
D)human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine.

Question 22

The most common risk of using assisted reproductive technology is

A)sexual dysfunction.
B)increased risk for cancer of the reproductive organs.
C)multiple gestation.
D)adrenal hyperplasia.

Question 23

Several days into the germinal stage, the cell mass takes the form of a fluid-filled ball of cells, which is called a

A)follicle.
B)blastocyst.
C)morula.
D)zygote.

Question 24

In Canada, surrogate motherhood is

A)illegal when it is done for pay.
B)illegal regardless of whether the surrogate mother is paid or not.
C)legal in some provinces but not in others.
D)legal only if the parents pay the surrogate mother a minimum deposit of $2500.

Question 25

________ is a method of conception in which a woman volunteer is artificially inseminated by the male partner of the intended mother, after which the embryo is removed from the volunteer and inserted into the uterus of the intended mother.

A)Embryonic transfer
B)Gamete intrafallopian transfer
C)Intracytoplasmic transfer
D)Zygote intrafallopian transfer

Question 26

The beta subunit HCG radioimmunoassay can detect HCG in the woman's blood as early as

A)the third week of pregnancy.
B)about five days preceding the expected period.
C)two days after conception.
D)eight hours after endometrial tissue has been exposed to sperm.

Question 27

How long does it take a zygote to reach the uterus?

A)24 hours
B)three to four days
C)seven to eight days
D)10 days

Question 28

Pregnant women often experience

A)an increase in sexual interest in the first trimester followed by a decrease in the second and third trimesters.
B)a gradual and consistent decrease in sexual interest as the pregnancy progresses.
C)no change in sexual interest compared to before they were pregnant.
D)a decline in sexual interest in the first trimester followed by an increase in the second.

Question 29

For many women the first sign of pregnancy is

A)missing a period.
B)morning sickness.
C)retaining water.
D)a faint vaginal twinge.

Question 30

In vitro fertilization is a procedure in which

A)donor sperm is injected near the cervix or in the uterus.
B)sperm are removed from a man's testes and injected in the uterus.
C)eggs are removed from the ovary, fertilized, and implanted in the uterus.
D)sperm are amplified and injected directly into the fallopian tube.

Question 31

Only a minority of babies born at the end of the second trimester survive if they

A)are born to teenage mothers.
B)weigh under a kilogram.
C)are not breastfeed.
D)are prone to asthma.

Question 32

The beta subunit HCG radioimmunoassay tests the ____ for HCG.

A)urine
B)blood
C)uterine secretions
D)vaginal discharge

Question 33

The majority of miscarriages occur within the first ____ weeks of pregnancy:

A)2
B)4
C)7
D)9

Question 34

Charlene and her partner want to have a baby, but Charlene cannot produce any ova in her ovaries. Which procedure will Charlene have to try in order to give birth?

A)ZIFT
B)donor IVF
C)GIFT
D)IVF

Question 35

In most women, morning sickness usually subsides by the

A)twelfth week of pregnancy.
B)eighth week of pregnancy.
C)sixth week of pregnancy.
D)fourth week of pregnancy.

Question 36

The protective environment in which the fetus grows is called the

A)placenta.
B)amniotic sac.
C)fallopian tubes.
D)ovum.

Question 37

Which procedure involves placing the parents' zygote in the mother's fallopian tube?

A)ZTB
B)donor IVF
C)GIFT
D)ZIFT

Question 38

The main provisions of the Act Respecting Assisted Human Reproduction passed by the Canadian parliament in 2004 include all of the following except

A)banning the cloning of humans.
B)banning the selection of a baby's sex for non-medical purposes.
C)making it legal to pay women to be surrogate mothers.
D)making it illegal to pay for sperm donations.

Question 39

Sperm and ova are inserted together into a fallopian tube. This technique is called

A)gamete intrafallopian transfer, or GIFT.
B)zygote intrafallopian transfer, or ZIFT.
C)donor IVF.
D)embryonic transfer.

Question 40

Provided that the pregnancy is progressing normally and the woman has no history of miscarriage, how long is it necessary to wait before sexual intercourse after conception?

A)nine months
B)10 months and 2 weeks
C)one month
D)zero days

Question 41

In the first stage of labour, the cervix dilates to about

A)3 cm.
B)10 cm.
C)5 cm.
D)4 cm.

Question 42

An episiotomy is performed

A)when the woman's cervix is not dilating properly.
B)when the baby needs to be removed quickly due to pain in the mother.
C)if the baby's shoulders are too wide to emerge without tearing the perineum.
D)if there is risk of HIV viral transfer.

Question 43

During the third stage of labour, the

A)placenta is expelled.
B)baby moves down the birth canal.
C)baby is born.
D)cervix fully dilates.

Question 44

What is the Lamaze method sometimes called?

A)regular breathing
B)partnered childbirth
C)contraction control
D)prepared childbirth

Question 45

Maternal smoking produces all of the following except

A)a higher risk of low birth weight.
B)decreased lung function in the newborn.
C)decreased fetal heart rate.
D)an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 46

Environmental influences or agents that can harm the embryo or fetus are called

A)chromosomal contaminants.
B)teratogens.
C)steroid fluids.
D)antigens.

Question 47

Braxton-Hicks contractions

A)widen the cervix.
B)advance the baby through the birth canal.
C)become intense and frequent.
D)are false labour contractions.

Question 48

The critical period of vulnerability is a period of time during which an embryo or fetus is vulnerable to the effects of

A)estrogen.
B)teratogens.
C)bacteria.
D)illness.

Question 49

Rubella infections contracted during the first month or two of pregnancy can result in children

A)who are born prematurely.
B)with physical and psychological deformities.
C)who are deaf or develop intellectual impairments, or heart disease, or cataracts.
D)with liver and bone damage.

Question 50

In RH incompatibility,

A)the child may be born with physical deformities.
B)the problem only affects a minority of RH incompatible pregnancies.
C)the mother is Rh-positive but the baby is Rh-negative.
D)the mother is Rh-positive but the father is Rh-negative.

Question 51

The fetal stage begins in the

A)third week of pregnancy.
B)sixth week of pregnancy.
C)ninth week of pregnancy.
D)twelfth week of pregnancy.

Question 52

In Canada, in 1991, the percentage of vaginal births involving episiotomy was about 50%. In 2001, it was about

A)10%.
B)25%.
C)40%.
D)50%.

Question 53

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a

A)set of symptoms that disappear once the mother stops drinking.
B)set of symptoms, including developmental lags, caused by maternal alcohol consumption.
C)condition in which a fetus experiences withdrawal symptoms after a mother has stopped drinking.
D)a condition in which a baby is born addicted to alcohol.

Question 54

Pre-eclampsia results from

A)high blood pressure.
B)rubella.
C)a rupture in the amniotic sac.
D)malnutrition.

Question 55

The Lamaze method

A)was named after a French obstetrician.
B)aids a father in the delivery room.
C)eliminates use of anesthesia.
D)is a yoga exercise, designed to facilitate delivery.

Question 56

Baby M is small for her gestational age. She has a noticeably flattened nose and widely-spaced eyes, and her brain size is smaller than average. What would cause these characteristics?

A)marijuana
B)alcohol
C)heroin
D)tobacco

Question 57

Cherisse is four weeks pregnant. Routine blood screening reveals that she is carrying syphilis. What should Cherisse know?

A)Maternal syphilis cannot cross the placenta.
B)She can be treated with antibiotics before the fourth month of her pregnancy.
C)She must wait until the sixth month, and then she can be treated with antibiotics.
D)The syphilis organism can only cross the placenta in the first two months of her pregnancy.

Question 58

The majority of babies born to mothers with HIV will

A)develop AIDS within three years.
B)develop AIDS within five years.
C)not be HIV positive.
D)be HIV positive.

Question 59

C-sections

A)usually allow the mother to begin walking again on the same day as the birth.
B)are performed in 56% of all in-hospital deliveries.
C)are performed in 70% of all in-hospital deliveries.
D)decrease natural serotonin levels in the mother.

Question 60

When do pregnant women generally begin to feel fetal movement?

A)three weeks after conception
B)nine weeks after conception
C)twelve weeks after conception
D)sixteen weeks after conception

Question 61

According to Save the Children research, rates of maternal mortality during childbirth and infant mortality are connected with the

A)use of contaminated cosmetic and baby feeding products.
B)environmental standards in different countries.
C)empowerment of women in a society.
D)percentage of women who become pregnant after age 30.

Question 62

Rh incompatibility can cause rheumatoid arthritis if not treated.

Question 63

The "baby blues"

A)are rare.
B)are a serious mood disorder affecting 20% of women.
C)affect most women to some extent in the weeks following delivery.
D)are usually the result of post-partum psychosis.

Question 64

Which of the following factors is not identified by Saewyc as contributing to teen pregnancy among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth?

A)wanting to show peers that they are heterosexual
B)sexual assault of lesbian teens
C)stigmatization based on sexual orientation
D)less familiarity with effective contraceptive methods

Question 65

Since the mid-1970s, the teen pregnancy rate in Canada has

A)remained stable.
B)declined sharply.
C)declined overall but has been increasing since 2001.
D)increased consistently.

Question 66

In general, a couple's level of sexual interest following childbirth

A)is unlikely to be affected by child care duties in the first few months.
B)will not revert to pre-pregnancy levels unless the couple wants to conceive another child.
C)is restored with three weeks after birth.
D)depends more on psychological than physical factors.

Question 67

The average age of women having their first child is _____ (in 2005), according to Statistics Canada (2007).

A)25.5
B)29.2
C)25.9
D)30

Question 68

Which hormone stimulates the production of milk?

A)prostaglandins
B)oxytocin
C)progesterone
D)prolactin

Question 69

The reasons the birth rate in Canada is declining include all of the following except

A)that women are marrying later.
B)that women are entering the workforce earlier.
C)that women are completing higher education.
D)increasing social acceptance of the choice to not have children.

Question 70

Women who breastfeed their baby are more likely to

A)have decreased sexual desire.
B)initiate sexual activity.
C)see their breast as sexual objects.
D)have a stronger sexual response in terms of vaginal lubrication.

Question 71

A fetus will probably not contract syphilis if the mother is treated with antibiotics in the first three months of her pregnancy.

Question 72

The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada recommends that women choose to have a C-section

A)only if they have had an episiotomy first.
B)only if it is medically necessary.
C)if they wish to maintain the elasticity of the vagina.
D)if they are nervous about pain that might occur during a vaginal delivery.

Question 73

The majority of babies born to mothers infected with HIV do not become infected with the virus.

Question 74

Distal factors affecting teen pregnancy rates include

A)levels of contraceptive use.
B)economic conditions.
C)emotional stability.
D)age at first intercourse.

Question 75

According to obstetricians, how long should women wait after childbirth before resuming intercourse?

A)two weeks
B)12 weeks
C)16 weeks
D)six weeks

Question 76

When a neonate is considered premature, it is because

A)it was born before 40 weeks.
B)it was born before 37 weeks.
C)it has a low birth weight.
D)it has not developed at the correct speed.

Question 77

The highest risk of birth defects from rubella occurs in the first trimester.

Question 78

Which statement is true regarding breastfeeding in Canada?

A)The number of women breastfeeding their children has increased since 2001.
B)Children who were not breastfed have higher rates of anxiety.
C)Breastfeeding increases the incidence of allergies in babies.
D)High-income women are less likely to breastfeed their babies.

Question 79

A British Columbia study found that, compared to 1998, the percentage of sexually active youth who used an effective contraceptive method at last intercourse in 2003

A)decreased from 86.6% to 71.1%.
B)decreased from 67.5% to 56.7%.
C)increased from 53.2% to 68.4%.
D)increased from 77.4% to 86.9%.

Question 80

Joanne noticed a reddish vaginal discharge for the past few weeks since the birth of her son. She was told not to worry as this is normal and the discharge is called

A)postpartum bleeding (PPB).
B)lochia.
C)menses.
D)postpartum menstrual bleeding (PPMB).