Deck 4: Sexual Arousal and Response

Question 1

Which is true regarding the sense of smell?

A)It is the most powerful of the five senses in sexual arousal.
B)The aversion to body odour is a culturally conditioned response.
C)All societies find the odour of genital secretions to be offensive.
D)The use of soaps and perfumes to mask body odours increases sexual attractiveness.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The most potent chemical aphrodisiac is

A)Viagra
B)testosterone
C)arginine
D)alcohol

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Primary erogenous zones are rich in nerve endings.
B)Primary erogenous zones are learned through experience.
C)Primary erogenous zones produce the same response in all humans.
D)Primary erogenous zones are learned through association with sexual stimulation.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Two drugs that do have aphrodisiac effects are

A)amyl nitrate and Viagra.
B)bupropion and L-dopa.
C)Prozac and Tofranil.
D)nicotine and alcohol.

Question 5

Viagra was originally developed as a treatment for

A)ulcers.
B)enlarged prostate.
C)angina.
D)depression.

Question 6

An aphrodisiac is a

A)drug that causes an erection in the male.
B)substance that increases sexual pleasure and response.
C)treatment for erectile dysfunction.
D)substance that reduces sexual responsiveness.

Question 7

The placebo effect may explain why some people experience enhanced sexual arousal with the consumption of

A)oysters
B)arginine
C)amyl nitrate
D)L-dopa

Question 8

Drugs that have aphrodisiac effects work by directly affecting

A)respiration.
B)blood flow to the genital region.
C)brain receptors for dopamine.
D)blood flow to the heart.

Question 9

Which sense has the most direct effect on sexual arousal and responsiveness?

A)smell
B)touch
C)vision
D)taste

Question 10

A "popper" is

A)a drink made from yohimbe bark.
B)a raw oyster.
C)an ampoule of amyl nitrate.
D)a drink made from reindeer horn.

Question 11

What is potassium nitrate?

A)an aphrodisiac
B)an anaphrodisiac
C)an antihypertensive
D)a tranquilizer

Question 12

Research suggests that women's menstrual cycles can become synchronized when they are exposed to each other's

A)perspiration.
B)menstrual blood.
C)vaginal secretions.
D)nasal secretions.

Question 13

Decreases in the rhinoceros population can be partially attributed to myths about the aphrodisiac properties of their

A)testicles.
B)horns.
C)hooves.
D)tails.

Question 14

Which statement is true regarding pheromones?

A)All pheromones have aphrodisiac qualities.
B)The smell of pheromones can only be detected by members of the same species.
C)In humans, the vomeronasal organs (VNOs)are found in the mucous lining of the nose.
D)Sensitivity to pheromones is acquired in adulthood.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a primary erogenous zone?

A)the anus
B)the breasts
C)the lower back
D)the inner thighs

Question 16

In pheromone research with heterosexual men, which of the following has been a typical result?

A)Men masturbated more frequently.
B)Men had sexual intercourse more frequently.
C)The pheromones directly stimulated sexual behaviour.
D)The pheromones directly affected behaviour.

Question 17

Which statement is true regarding visual cues in human sexual arousal?

A)Both men and women can become sexually aroused by visual stimuli.
B)Men are much more sexually aroused by visual stimuli than women.
C)Women are more visually oriented than men.
D)Visual stimuli do not play an important role for either men or women.

Question 18

Erogenous zones are

A)parts of the body that are especially sensitive to tactile sexual stimulation.
B)genital areas.
C)genital areas plus the buttocks.
D)non-genital areas that cause stimulation like ears, inner thighs, etc.

Question 19

What does research suggest about the effect of pheromones on the behaviour of men and women?

A)Pheromones increase the frequency of masturbation for both men and women.
B)Pheromones stimulate men's sexual behavior.
C)Pheromones enhance men's sexual attractiveness to their partners.
D)Pheromones affect sexual receptiveness but not moods.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between sexual orientation and body odours?

A)Heterosexual males are attracted to the body odours of both heterosexual and gay men.
B)Gay men are attracted to the body odours of heterosexual men.
C)Lesbians are more attracted to the body odours of heterosexual men than the odours of gay men.
D)Heterosexual females are attracted to the body odours of both lesbians and gay men.

Question 21

Trevor's physician has just prescribed a tranquilizer to help Trevor cope with an anxiety disorder. One of the more common side effects Trevor might experience is

A)reduced levels of testosterone.
B)decreased sexual drive.
C)premature ejaculation.
D)heightened sexual desire.

Question 22

In experiments with rats, courting and mounting behaviour increased when researchers stimulated the

A)hypothalamus.
B)cerebral cortex.
C)cerebellum.
D)reticular activating system.

Question 23

Which is not an example of an anaphrodisiac?

A)antiandrogen
B)Prozac
C)nicotine
D)arginine

Question 24

Cheryl takes the antidepressant imipramine. Her physician is careful to explain that she might experience

A)decreased vaginal lubrication.
B)hot flashes.
C)lack of sexual desire.
D)decreased sexual inhibition.

Question 25

Which is not an example of an amphetamine?

A)LSD
B)speed
C)crystal meth
D)cocaine

Question 26

Because of testicular cancer, Sean had to have both testes removed. As a result of the surgery, he can expect

A)little change in sexual desire.
B)a sudden and dramatic decrease in his ability to achieve or maintain an erection.
C)a gradual decrease in sexual desire and performance.
D)no decrease in sexual desire but a dramatic increase in his ability to achieve an erection.

Question 27

Stimulants may heighten sexual arousal by

A)depressing the central nervous system.
B)dilating blood vessels throughout the body.
C)activating the central nervous system.
D)increasing testosterone levels.

Question 28

An example of the activating effect of sex hormones is

A)sexual desire.
B)feminine and masculine mating behaviour.
C)prenatal sexual differentiation of the brain.
D)differentiation of tissues into male or female genitalia.

Question 29

When sex hormones influence the type of sexual behaviour that is expressed, it is called

A)a directional effect.
B)an organizational effect.
C)a situational effect.
D)an activating effect.

Question 30

Which statement about alcohol is false?

A)Large amounts can increase sex drive.
B)It lowers sexual inhibitions.
C)It can reduce sexual potency.
D)It reduces central nervous system activity.

Question 31

Daniel is very nervous about his first sexual experience. To loosen up, his friends suggest that he buy a six-pack of beer and drink it before his date arrives. You disagree. Which explanation should you give Daniel?

A)Alcohol will only increase his sexual inhibitions.
B)Alcohol will simply increase his anxiety.
C)Alcohol will increase the incidence of premature ejaculation.
D)Large amounts of alcohol will impair sexual response.

Question 32

Which street drug has recently been used as an aphrodisiac?

A)LSD
B)heroin
C)cocaine
D)crystal methamphetamine

Question 33

Researchers speculate that transsexual individuals may have

A)a mismatch between brain sexual organization and the differentiation of their genitals.
B)been exposed to large amounts of estrogen in the womb.
C)been socialized to behave in ways that are opposite to their brain sexual organization.
D)inherited an extra X or Y chromosome.

Question 34

Two psychoactive drugs widely believed to have aphrodisiac effects are

A)nicotine and alcohol.
B)amphetamines and antidepressants.
C)cocaine and alcohol.
D)barbiturates and caffeine.

Question 35

Which of the following is not a secondary sex characteristic?

A)lengthening of the vocal cords in males
B)breast development in females
C)pubic hair growth in males and females
D)maturation of ova in the female

Question 36

Which statement is true regarding sex hormones?

A)Sex hormones act on the body and exert little influence over the brain.
B)Prenatal sex hormones differentiate the genitalia and brain structures of males and females.
C)Sex hormones determine the differentiation of gonads but do not play a role in sexual orientation.
D)Prenatal sex hormones directly influence adult sexual behaviour.

Question 37

Hypogonadism is a condition in which the

A)testes produce an overabundance of testosterone.
B)testes or ovaries produce an overabundance of sex hormones.
C)ovaries do not produce enough estrogen.
D)testes produce low levels of testosterone.

Question 38

Substances secreted by endocrine glands are called

A)neurotransmitters.
B)enkephalins.
C)hormones.
D)stimulants.

Question 39

Which is true regarding female hormones?

A)Estrogen plays a vital role in sex drive but progesterone does not.
B)Adequate levels of both estrogen and progesterone are required to activate sexual interest.
C)Progesterone plays the more important role in a female's sex drive and response.
D)Neither estrogen nor progesterone plays a role in sex drive or response.

Question 40

Which part of the brain helps determine whether sensory information is a sexual turn-on or turn-off?

A)hypothalamus
B)cerebral cortex
C)thalamus
D)medulla

Question 41

The second phase of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle is the plateau phase and consists of

A)ejaculation, for males.
B)contractions in the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, and prostate gland.
C)an advanced state of arousal.
D)the first signs of erection or vaginal lubrication.

Question 42

In the sexual response cycle, myotonia refers to

A)increased respiration.
B)elevated blood pressure.
C)dilation of the blood vessels.
D)muscle tension.

Question 43

The "sex flush" is

A)a darkening of the labia to a deep wine colour.
B)more pronounced in women.
C)dilation of the capillaries in the skin.
D)the flow of blood to the vaginal area during sexual stimulation.

Question 44

Some researchers have noted that a woman's sexual activity increases at points in the menstrual cycle when

A)estrogen levels are high.
B)androgen levels in the bloodstream are high.
C)both progesterone and estrogen levels are high.
D)progesterone levels in the bloodstream drop.

Question 45

The term "refractory period" refers to the

A)relaxation and drowsiness that follows orgasm and leads to sleep.
B)period when vasocongestion and myotonia dissipate.
C)post-orgasmic period when men no longer respond to sexual stimulaltion.
D)period where both men's and women's bodies return to a pre-aroused state.

Question 46

The research of Meredith Chivers (2007)on sexual arousal indicates that

A)women are more flexible than men in terms of which gender arouses them.
B)men become aroused more quickly than women.
C)women are not as responsive as men to sexually explicit materials.
D)level of sexual activity depicted in videos was more important for men than for women.

Question 47

Which of the following is an indication that a male is in the plateau phase?

A)Erection occurs.
B)The scrotal skin thickens.
C)The Cowper's gland secretes a few drops of fluid.
D)Seminal fluid collects in the urethral bulb.

Question 48

Canadian researchers Mah and Blink (2002)studied university students to determine what characteristics were common to human experience of orgasm. Their findings supported a two-dimensional model of the psychological experience of orgasm. The two dimensions were

A)sensory and emotional.
B)physical and sensory.
C)cognitive-affective and physical.
D)sensory and interpersonal.

Question 49

Kaplan's model differs from Masters and Johnson's model because Kaplan emphasizes

A)the neurological basis of desire.
B)psychological factors in sexual response.
C)sexual responses during masturbation.
D)gender differences in sexual response.

Question 50

Orgasm in the female results in contractions of the

A)vaginal barrel, uterus, and anal sphincter.
B)uterus and cervix.
C)vaginal barrel and urethral bulb.
D)uterus and urethra.

Question 51

The period following orgasm, in which the body returns to its pre-aroused state, is called the

A)final phase.
B)rest phase.
C)resolution phase.
D)relaxation phase.

Question 52

In females, vasocongestion swells the clitoris, flattens the labia majora, and increases the size of the ______ in the excitement phase.

A)labia minora
B)clitoral hood
C)uterus
D)perineum

Question 53

Rosemary Basson (2001), a Vancouver therapist, developed an intimacy-based model of female sexual response. She argues her model is especially relevant for

A)women with sexual dysfunctions.
B)single men.
C)women in long-term relationships.
D)men having issues around intimacy.

Question 54

Which of the following is not one of the types of female orgasm suggested by Singer and Singer?

A)G-spot
B)vulval
C)uterine
D)blended

Question 55

According to Masters and Johnson, which of the following is not a phase in the sexual response cycle?

A)foreplay
B)plateau
C)orgasm
D)resolution

Question 56

Which of the following statements is false regarding the orgasmic phase?

A)It consists of three distinctive phases.
B)In males it consists of muscular contractions.
C)The internal sphincter of the urinary bladder contracts preventing seminal fluid from entering the bladder in a backward, retrograde ejaculation.
D)In the second stage, the external sphincter of the bladder relaxes, allowing the passage of semen.

Question 57

What propels ejaculate through the urethra and out of the body?

A)relaxation of the vas deferens and prostate gland
B)contraction of the external sphincter of the bladder
C)contractions of the muscles surrounding the urethral bulb and base of the penis
D)contractions of the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland

Question 58

Which of the following statements is false regarding the effects of ovariectomies?

A)Women usually experience a loss of sexual desire.
B)Women no longer produce female sex hormones.
C)Vaginal dryness may make intercourse painful.
D)Angdrogens continue to be produced.

Question 59

Who developed the three-stage model for sexual response?

A)Masters and Johnson
B)Kaplan
C)Basson
D)Grafenberg

Question 60

Although males and females are similar in terms of their physiological response, they differ significantly in

A)their subjective perception of arousal.
B)onset of arousal.
C)duration of arousal.
D)hormone levels related to arousal.

Question 61

The differentiation of the genitalia into male or female genitalia is an example of the activating effects of the sex hormones.

Question 62

The brain is not an erogenous zone because it is not stimulated directly by touch.

Question 63

The role of pheromones in sexual behaviour is not well understood.

Question 64

Most women with spinal cord injuries can

A)engage in intercourse, become pregnant, and deliver vaginally.
B)engage in intercourse and become pregnant, but cannot deliver vaginally.
C)engage in intercourse, but cannot become pregnant.
D)engage in intercourse, but only become pregnant in rare cases.

Question 65

In the first stage of a male orgasm, seminal fluids collect in the urethral bulb.

Question 66

Scientific research has concluded that many natural substances, such as ginseng and Spanish Fly, act as aphrodisiacs.

Question 67

People with developmental disabilities may display inappropriate sexual behaviour because

A)They can't control their sexual urges.
B)They can't understand socially accepted standards and rules regarding sexuality.
C)Sexual education has encouraged an interest in sexual matters.
D)They lack education about sexuality and appropriate social conventions.

Question 68

Barbara has arthritis. She may be limited to

A)certain types of coital positions.
B)the use of a diaphragm for contraception.
C)non-coital intimacy.
D)having infrequent sexual activity.

Question 69

When studying men with spinal cord injuries, researchers note that

A)many are still able to ejaculate naturally.
B)about 75% are able to achieve erection.
C)only 50% still produce semen.
D)25% have received a penile implant.

Question 70

Which of the following is not a stereotype associated with people with intellectual disabilities?

A)They are excessively sexual.
B)They are asexual.
C)They cannot control their sex drive.
D)They are bisexual.

Question 71

Which researcher first reported that women regularly had multiple orgasms?

A)Kinsey
B)Masters and Johnson
C)Kaplan
D)Singer

Question 72

Researchers in Quebec (Courtois et al. 2007)found that

A)some vibrators are better than others in helping men with spinal cords injuries ejaculate.
B)men with spinal cord injury report vibratory stimulation of the A-spot.
C)ejaculation is impossible with a vibrator in men with spinal cord injuries.
D)men with spinal cord injuries cannot achieve erections.

Question 73

A "dry orgasm"

A)is an orgasm where a woman fails to ejaculate fluid from the Skene's glands.
B)is an orgasm produced through masturbation rather than vaginal intercourse.
C)is a series of uterine orgasms resulting from deep intravaginal penetration.
D)is a male orgasm that occurs without ejaculation.

Question 74

The term "sex flush" refers to the reddened skin of the labia minora during the plateau phase.

Question 75

One of the greatest impediments to sexual fulfillment among people with disabilities is

A)the severity of their disability.
B)lack of sexual knowledge.
C)finding a loving and supportive partner.
D)the inability to experience vaginal or penile sensations.

Question 76

In terms of sexual responsiveness and performance, cerebral palsy

A)may limit types of sexual activity and positions.
B)causes infertility.
C)decreases sexual interest and desire.
D)impairs the ability to achieve orgasm.

Question 77

According to a study by Fisher and Sand (2007), which model of sexual response did women choose to best describe their sexual experiences?

A)Kaplan
B)Basson
C)Masters and Johnson
D)All models were equally endorsed by the women in the study.

Question 78

Viagra is not an aphrodisiac because it does not cause sexual arousal.

Question 79

Arthur is a paraplegic who injured his spine in a boating accident. The nerves affected were just above the lumbar region. In terms of sexual response, Alexander

A)will never be able to achieve an erection.
B)is still capable of achieving psychogenic and reflexive erections.
C)will only be able to achieve psychogenic erections.
D)will only be able to achieve reflexive erections.

Question 80

Which of the following is not one of the five factors that Margaret Nosek and colleagues have identified as being essential for sexual wellness?

A)positive self-concept
B)knowledge about sexuality
C)long-term, monogamous relationships
D)maintenance of good general health and sexual health, within personal limitations