Deck 30: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Question 1

A newborn is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome.When obtaining the patient's history, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition?

A) Low birth weight
B) Alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
C) Premature birth
D) Smoking by the mother during pregnancy

Answer 1

Premature birth

Question 2

An infant was born 10 weeks premature and requires mechanical ventilation.Two months later, the infant presents with hypoxemia and hypercapnia.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe documented on the chart?

A) Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
B) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Pneumonia

Answer 2

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Question 3

What is the most likely cause of croup?

A) Bacteria
B) Acute hyperventilation
C) Allergy
D) Viral infection

Answer 3

Viral infection

Question 4

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an _____ disease.

A) autosomal recessive
B) autosomal dominant
C) X-linked recessive
D) X-linked dominant

Question 5

A newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome is monitored for atelectasis because of:

A) a lack of surfactant.
B) pulmonary edema.
C) airway obstruction.
D) pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 6

A 9 year old contracted influenza.Which of the following complications is of greatest concern to the nurse?

A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Bronchiolitis obliterans
C) Emphysema
D) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Question 7

A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma.Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as a part of an asthmatic attack?

A) Headache
B) Chest pain
C) Wheezing
D) Low heart rate

Question 8

To help confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in a 1-year-old child, which substance will be monitored for in the child's sweat?

A) Potassium
B) Chloride
C) Magnesium
D) Carbonic acid

Question 9

During a respiratory assessment of an infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, a depression in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was noted with inspiration.This observation is documented as:

A) grunting.
B) tachypnea.
C) retractions.
D) nasal flaring.

Question 10

A 2-week-old female presents with fever, productive cough, respiratory distress, and empyema.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

A) Viral pneumonia
B) Pneumococcal pneumonia
C) Staphylococcal pneumonia
D) Mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 11

A 10 year old is diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea.When the parents ask, the nurse shares that the initial treatment will be:

A) tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A).
B) weight loss.
C) continuous positive airway pressure.
D) drug therapy.

Question 12

A 5 year old presents with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, and dysphagia.Acute epiglottitis is suspected.When assessing the child, the nurse would avoid:

A) trying to keep the child calm.
B) examining the throat for redness.
C) auscultating the child's respiratory rate.
D) counting the heart rate apically.

Question 13

A cardiovascular alteration seen in a newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome includes:

A) left-to-right shunt.
B) left ventricular dilation.
C) pulmonary hypotension.
D) opening of fetal shunt pathways.

Question 14

An 11 year old presents with a low-grade fever and cough and is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia.What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

A) Pneumococcal pneumonia
B) Viral pneumonia
C) Mycoplasma pneumonia
D) Streptococcal pneumonia

Question 15

After nearly drowning a 2 year old developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Which of the following should the nurse assess the patient for?

A) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased lung compliance
C) Increased surfactant production
D) Hypoxemia

Question 16

A 7 month old presents with cystic fibrosis (CF) accompanied by failure to thrive and frequent, loose, and oily stools.Sweat testing confirms the diagnosis.Which of the following is characteristic of CF?

A) Autoantibodies that target the lungs and pancreas
B) Thick mucous sputum
C) Enzymes that degrade surfactant in the alveoli
D) A toxic amount of electrolytes from secretory glands

Question 17

A 2 year old presents with fever and cough and is diagnosed with pneumonia.While planning treatment for this patient, the nurse recognizes that which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Mycoplasma species
D) Toxic inhalations

Question 18

A 6 month old presents with rhinorrhea, cough, poor feeding, lethargy, and fever and is diagnosed with bronchiolitis.Which of the following will the nurse most likely observe on the culture report?

A) Parainfluenza virus
B) Haemophilus influenzae type B
C) Respiratory syncytial virus
D) Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus

Question 19

A newborn experiencing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) will demonstrate signs:

A) within minutes of birth.
B) 2-3 hours after birth.
C) within the first 12-24 hours after birth.
D) 24-48 hours after exposure to an infectious organism.

Question 20

Which pathology is characteristic of asthma?

A) Increased lung volumes
B) Expiratory wheezing
C) Air trapping
D) Dead space

Question 21

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) peaks between _____ and ____months of age.

A) 1; 2
B) 2; 4
C) 6; 8
D) 10; 12

Question 22

A young patient is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) exacerbation.The nurse monitors the patient closely for which potentially fatal complication of CF?

A) Airway rigidity
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Respiratory failure
D) Asthma-like bronchospasms

Question 23

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup.Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be present when the nurse performs an assessment? (Select all that apply.)

A) Barking cough
B) Stridor
C) Hoarseness
D) Drooling
E) Truncal rash

Question 24

To prevent sudden infant death syndrome, the nurse should instruct parents to:

A) place infants on a soft mattress for sleeping.
B) always lay infants down on their backs to sleep.
C) breastfeed their infants.
D) keep the infant's room very warm.

Question 25

Asthma affects ____% of children between birth and 17 years of age.

Question 26

The coroner ruled sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) as the cause of death of a 5-month-old-female.Which risk factor is most likely associated with SIDS?

A) Congenital heart disease
B) Female gender
C) White race
D) Frequent respiratory infections