Deck 24: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Question 1

The alpha and beta thalassemias are inherited in an _____ fashion.

A) autosomal recessive
B) autosomal dominant
C) X-linked recessive
D) X-linked dominant

Answer 1

autosomal recessive

Question 2

If an infant has hydrops fetalis, which type of thalassemia does the nurse suspect?

A) Beta minor
B) Beta major
C) Alpha minor
D) Alpha major

Answer 2

Alpha major

Question 3

Which mother-fetus combination is at most risk for a maternal-fetal blood incompatibility?

A) Mother is Rh-positive, and fetus is Rh-negative.
B) Mother is Rh-negative, and fetus is Rh-positive.
C) Mother has type A blood, and fetus has type O blood.
D) Mother has type AB blood, and fetus has type B blood.

Answer 3

Mother is Rh-negative, and fetus is Rh-positive.

Question 4

By what other name is the clotting factor IX disorder, hemophilia B known as?

A) Classic hemophilia
B) Christmas disease
C) Thalassemia
D) von Willebrand disease

Question 5

Testing reveals that a child has hemophilia A.This bleeding disorder results from a deficiency in factor:

A) IX.
B) XII.
C) XIII.
D) VIII.

Question 6

A 6-year-old male presents with fatigue, jaundice, and irritability.A blood smear shows the presence of sickled cells.Erythropoiesis is compromised in this child; which crisis should the nurse monitor the patient for?

A) Vaso-occlusive crisis
B) Sequestration crisis
C) Aplastic crisis
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis

Question 7

A mother has a child that is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia.While the mother does not have the disease, which characteristic of her genetic makeup is responsible for the child's disease?

A) Hb S and Hb S
B) Hb S and Hb A
C) Hb S and Hb C
D) Hb A and Hb C

Question 8

Which major symptom indicates to the nurse that patient diagnosed with sickle cell anemia is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis?

A) Peripheral edema
B) Pain
C) Petechiae
D) An enlarged spleen

Question 9

A 2-year-old male presented with growth and maturation retardation and splenomegaly.He died shortly after arriving at the ER.Autopsy revealed thalassemia secondary to defective:

A) erythrocyte membranes.
B) iron metabolism.
C) stem cell formation.
D) hemoglobin synthesis.

Question 10

A 16-month-old female presents with tachycardia, pallor, anorexia, and systolic murmur.The nurse is checking the lab results, and the hemoglobin determination indicates a level below _____ grams per deciliter.

A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 14

Question 11

A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP).What is the most common cause of this condition?

A) Normal postnatal platelet lysis
B) Virally induced antibody destruction of platelets
C) An allergic reaction to vaccinations
D) Maternal antibodies that target platelets in the neonate

Question 12

Which of the following amino acids is present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb?

A) Valine
B) Glutamic acid
C) Proline
D) Histidine

Question 13

Which type of sickle cell crisis occurs only in young children?

A) Hyperhemolytic crisis
B) Vaso-occlusive crisis
C) Aplastic crisis
D) Sequestration crisis

Question 14

A 12-month-old toddler weighing 18 pounds is brought to the clinic because of weakness, slow physical growth, and developmental delays.His mother reports that the only food he will consume is cow's milk.The symptoms support a diagnosis of which form of anemia?

A) Pernicious
B) Iron deficiency
C) Aplastic
D) Hemolytic

Question 15

A 3-year-old child presents with bruising on the legs and trunk and a petechial rash.The mother also reports frequent nosebleeds.Lab tests reveal a decreased platelet count.This symptomology supports which medical diagnosis?

A) Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
B) Leukemia
C) Thalassemia
D) Hemophilia

Question 16

Autopsy on a stillborn fetus reveals cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, edema, and ascites as well as fulminant intrauterine congestive heart failure.Considering these findings, what is the most likely cause of death?

A) Alpha thalassemia minor
B) Alpha thalassemia major
C) Hemoglobin H disease
D) Alpha trait

Question 17

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoiesis.The most likely cause is:

A) genetic factors.
B) an iron deficiency.
C) a hemoglobin abnormality.
D) an erythrocyte structural abnormality.

Question 18

In the United States, which group of people should be assessed first for sickle cell disease?

A) Asians
B) Blacks
C) Hispanics
D) Whites

Question 19

What is the most likely cause of death associated with sickle cell disease?

A) Decreased hemoglobin
B) Infection
C) An obstructive crisis
D) A hyperhemolytic crisis

Question 20

Sickled cells will be removed from circulation mostly by the:

A) liver.
B) pancreas.
C) kidney.
D) spleen.

Question 21

What is a priority assessment for Hodgkin lymphoma in children?

A) Painless adenopathy in cervical nodes
B) Significant bruising
C) Weight gain
D) Petechiae

Question 22

A nurse is planning care for a child with iron deficiency anemia.Characteristics of iron deficiency anemia include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) It is most common between the ages of 6 months and 2 years.
B) It is related to gender and race.
C) It may be related to socioeconomic factors.
D) It is rare among teenagers.
E) It is difficult to diagnose in early stages.

Question 23

Which laboratory test will assist the nurse in identifying infants who are prone to develop hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

A) Total bilirubin
B) Coombs
C) Rh antibodies
D) Platelets

Question 24

What is the most common form of childhood leukemia?

A) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
B) Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)
C) Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
D) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Question 25

A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with leukemia.Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

A) Fatigue
B) Jaundice
C) Pallor
D) Petechiae
E) Fever

Question 26

What is the most serious complication of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

A) Respiratory infection
B) Asymmetric bruising
C) Intracranial bleeding
D) Immunosuppression

Question 27

Which of the following clusters of symptoms would lead the nurse to suspect a child has immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

A) Multiple infections; bruising; abnormal bone marrow aspiration
B) Lower extremity that is warm to touch, edematous, and painful
C) Spontaneous nosebleeds, bruising, and petechiae
D) Increased platelet count; recent-onset venous thrombosis