Deck 19: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Question 1

How do the releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary?

A) Vessels of the zona fasciculata
B) Chromophils
C) Median eminence
D) Hypophyseal portal system

Answer 1

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 2

A nurse recalls that direct stimulation of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas by the autonomic nervous system is an example of which type of control?

A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Neural
D) Substrate-level dependent

Answer 2

Neural

Question 3

A 70-year-old female has brittle bones secondary to osteoporosis.Her primary care provider prescribes calcitonin to:

A) activate vitamin D.
B) stimulate osteoclastic activity.
C) inhibit calcium resorption from bones.
D) promote thyroid hormone release.

Answer 3

inhibit calcium resorption from bones.

Question 4

Where are the target cells for oxytocin located?

A) Renal tubules
B) Thymus
C) Liver
D) Uterus

Question 5

Insulin is primarily regulated by:

A) metabolic rate.
B) serum glucose levels.
C) prostaglandins.
D) enzyme activation.

Question 6

A 40-year-old patient undergoes surgery for a PTH-secreting tumor in which the parathyroid is removed.Which physiologic alteration would the nurse expect following surgery?

A) Increased serum calcium
B) Decreased bone formation
C) Decreased calcium reabsorption in the kidney
D) Increased calcitonin

Question 7

A patient who has elevated thyroxine production should be assessed for which accompanying condition?

A) Increased thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)
B) Increased anterior pituitary stimulation
C) Decreased T₄
D) Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 8

Which organ contains prolactin-inhibiting factor's target tissue?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Mammary glands
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 9

ADH release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by which process?

A) Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys.
B) High plasma osmolarity sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
C) Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys.
D) High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body.

Question 10

Which nutrient would the nurse encourage the patient to consume for thyroid hormone synthesis?

A) Zinc
B) Sodium
C) Iodine
D) Calcium

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of the protein hormone?

A) Thyroxine (T₄)
B) Aldosterone
C) Testosterone
D) Insulin

Question 12

Which of the following lab results would indicate a slowdown in the rate of parathyroid hormone secretion?

A) Increased serum calcium levels
B) Decreased serum calcium levels
C) Decreased levels of TSH
D) Increased levels of TSH

Question 13

If a patient's posterior pituitary is removed, which hormone would the nurse expect to decrease?

A) PRF
B) ADH
C) ACTH
D) Growth hormone (GH)

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the pancreas alpha cells.Which of the following would the nurse expect to be most likely increased in this patient?

A) Amylin
B) Glucagon
C) Insulin
D) Somatostatin

Question 15

Which control mechanism will a patient's target cells implement in order to adapt to high hormone concentrations?

A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Downregulation
D) Upregulation

Question 16

What type of effect occurs when insulin binds to its receptors on muscle cells, resulting in an increase in glucose uptake by those muscle cells?

A) Pharmacologic
B) Permissive
C) Biphasic
D) Direct

Question 17

Which of the following is a water-soluble amine?

A) Growth hormone (GH)
B) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Epinephrine

Question 18

How do lipid-soluble hormone receptors cross the plasma membrane?

A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Endocytosis

Question 19

When a staff member asks the nurse which gland secretes ADH and oxytocin, how should the nurse respond?

A) Anterior pituitary
B) Posterior pituitary
C) Hypothalamus
D) Pineal

Question 20

Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to be increased in a patient with deficient ADH production?

A) Blood volume
B) Urine osmolality
C) Urine volume
D) Arterial vasoconstriction

Question 21

A patient with one kidney underwent surgery for an adrenal tumor that removed a large portion of the zona glomerulosa.The nurse would expect a postsurgical decrease in the patient's:

A) sodium.
B) aldosterone.
C) potassium.
D) acid.

Question 22

When catecholamines are released in a patient, what should the nurse assess for?

A) Nutrient absorption
B) Fluid retention
C) Hypotension
D) Hyperglycemia

Question 23

Where is the main site of aldosterone synthesis?

A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Adrenal cortex
D) Hypothalamus

Question 24

A 39-year-old female is recovering from the birth of her third child.Which hormone would help prevent uterine bleeding?

A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin

Question 25

If the patient has a problem with the pineal gland, which substance would the nurse monitor?

A) Melatonin
B) Epinephrine
C) Cortisol
D) Somatostatin

Question 26

Which is the most potent naturally occurring glucocorticoid?

A) Aldosterone
B) Testosterone
C) Cortisol
D) Prolactin

Question 27

What regulates aldosterone secretion?

A) The sympathetic nervous system
B) ACTH feedback
C) The renin-angiotensin system
D) Positive feedback

Question 28

What can trigger ACTH to be released?

A) High serum levels of cortisol
B) Hypotension
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Stress

Question 29

Elevated levels of glucocorticoids result in which of the following assessment findings? (Select all that apply.)

A) Polycythemia
B) Increased appetite
C) Weight loss
D) Decreased calcium
E) Increased height

Question 30

If a patient has a problem with the adrenal medulla, which of the following hormones should the nurse monitor?

A) Cortisol
B) Epinephrine
C) Androgens
D) Estrogens

Question 31

A nurse recalls insulin has an effect on which of the following groups of electrolytes?

A) Sodium, chloride, phosphate
B) Calcium, magnesium, potassium
C) Hydrogen, bicarbonate, chloride
D) Potassium, magnesium, phosphate