Deck 1: Cellular Biology

Question 1

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

A) Electron-transport chain
B) Aerobic glycolysis
C) Anaerobic glycolysis
D) Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 1

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 2

A student is observing a cell under the microscope.It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones.Which of the following would also be observed by the student?

A) A single circular chromosome
B) A nucleus
C) Free-floating nuclear material
D) No organelles

Answer 2

A nucleus

Question 3

A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute from an area of greater to lesser concentration.Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?

A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Hydrostatic pressure
D) Active transport

Answer 3

Diffusion

Question 4

A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication.In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?

A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleolus
D) Nucleus cytoplasm

Question 5

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells.This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?

A) Paracrine
B) Autocrine
C) Neurohormonal
D) Hormonal

Question 6

Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell's bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?

A) Peripheral membrane proteins
B) Integral membrane proteins
C) Glycoproteins
D) Cell adhesion molecules

Question 7

A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary.Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing?

A) Hydrostatic pressure
B) Osmosis
C) Diffusion
D) Active transport

Question 8

A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure.The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:

A) the concentration of sodium.
B) plasma proteins.
C) hydrostatic pressure.
D) the availability of membrane transporter proteins.

Question 9

Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?

A) Oxygen
B) Ribosomes
C) Amphipathic lipids
D) Ligands

Question 10

Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?

A) Digestion
B) Glycolysis
C) Oxidation
D) Citric acid cycle

Question 11

The ion transporter that moves Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?

A) Biport
B) Uniport
C) Antiport
D) Symport

Question 12

A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer.What alternation in the extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?

A) Decreased fibronectin
B) Increased collagen
C) Decreased elastin
D) Increased glycoproteins

Question 13

A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg.This lab result is measuring:

A) osmolality.
B) osmolarity.
C) osmotic pressure.
D) oncotic pressure.

Question 14

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions.Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?

A) Metabolic absorption
B) Communication
C) Secretion
D) Respiration

Question 15

In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:

A) solute.
B) substrate.
C) receptor.
D) ribosome.

Question 16

Which description accurately describes electrolytes?

A) Small lipid-soluble molecules
B) Large protein molecules
C) Micronutrients used to produce ATP
D) Electrically charged molecules

Question 17

An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.The athlete asks the nurse why this happened.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:

A) GTP.
B) AMP.
C) ATP.
D) GMP.

Question 18

A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism.Which phases should the nurse include?

A) Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
B) Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
C) S phase, G phase, and M phase
D) Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion

Question 19

Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?

A) Cell junction
B) Gap junction
C) Desmosome
D) Tight junction

Question 20

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

A) By passive electrolyte channels
B) By coupled channels
C) By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
D) By diffusion

Question 21

The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:

A) anaphase.
B) telophase.
C) prophase.
D) metaphase.

Question 22

A nurse teaching the staff about platelet-derived growth factor includes information that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates the production of:

A) platelets.
B) epidermal cells.
C) connective tissue cells.
D) fibroblast cells.

Question 23

A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is -70 mV.The predominant intracellular ion is Na⁺, and the predominant extracellular ion is K⁺.With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?

A) K⁺ rushing into the cell
B) Na⁺ rushing into the cell
C) Na⁺ rushing out of the cell
D) K⁺ rushing out of the cell

Question 24

What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?

A) Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development.
B) Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle.
C) Restrain cell growth and development.
D) Provide nutrients for cell growth and development.

Question 25

Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) They contain no organelles.
B) Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane.
C) They contain a distinct nucleus.
D) They contain histones.
E) They contain a cellular membrane.

Question 26

Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions occur.What is this cell cycle phase called?

A) G₁
B) S
C) M
D) G₂

Question 27

During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?

A) Endocytosis
B) Pinocytosis
C) Phagocytosis
D) Exocytosis

Question 28

Which causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?

A) Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
B) Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
C) Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
D) Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.

Question 29

A student is reviewing functions of the cell.The student would be correct in identifying a chief function of the nerve cell as:

A) sensory interpretation.
B) conductivity.
C) maintenance of homeostasis.
D) communication.