Deck 3: Understanding the Developmental Worldview of Children and Adolescents

Question 1

According to Kohlberg, at this level children begin to incorporate a broader, more abstract perspective into their moral reasoning and seek to maintain the social order:

A)preaccommodation
B)conventional
C)postconventional
D)preconventional

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In this process an insulating layer of fat covers nerve cells.

A)cortexing
B)synaptic pruning
C)diminution
D)myelination

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The growing awareness of an internal mental life is referred to as:

A)theory of body
B)theory of spirit
C)theory of mind
D)theory of soul

Answer 3

C

Question 4

This is the term that describes those behaviors students engage in that provide them with an excuse for failing:

A)self-handicapping
B)projection
C)rationalization
D)sublimation

Question 5

According to Vygotsky, this describes the process of children comprehending new concepts by assimilating this information into existing cognitive schema:

A)assimilation
B)accommodation
C)zone of proximal development
D)cognitive development

Question 6

Although there are a few clear areas where Vygotsky and Piaget differed in their conceptualization of cognitive development, one of the most important was in the area of the role of:

A)socialization
B)spirituality
C)culture
D)communication

Question 7

Who examined the social environment in a comprehensive manner and described the multiple spheres of influence which impact children?

A)Breener
B)Bronfenbrenner
C)Tenbronfenner
D)Pronfenner

Question 8

This system in the ecological model includes the larger institutions and culture that directly or indirectly impact the individual such as legislation, government programs, and the entire educational system.

A)microsystem
B)exosystem
C)mesosystem
D)macrosystem

Question 9

Which French philosopher, put forth the romantic notion of the child as a noble savage who was naturally endowed with an innate sense of right and wrong that would be harmed by adult interference?

A)Rousseau
B)Badiou
C)Descartes
D)Sartre

Question 10

This system in the ecological model includes environments in which the child interacts on a daily basis, such as the home and classroom milieus:

A)microsystem
B)exosystem
C)mesosystem
D)macrosystem

Question 11

According to Piaget, this describes the process of children comprehending new concepts by assimilating this information into existing cognitive schema:

A)assimilation
B)accommodation
C)zone of proximal development
D)cognitive development

Question 12

It is hypothesized that the overgrowth of synapses

A)has no effect on children
B)prevents young children from adapting to their environments
C)prepares young children to adapt to their environments
D)prepares older adults to adapt to their environments

Question 13

Boys lag slightly behind girls and begin their developmental changes around the age of:

A)15
B)14
C)13
D)12

Question 14

By the time children reach the age of six, they will have a vocabulary of about

A)10,000 words
B)50,000 words
C)30,000 words
D)15,000 words

Question 15

During this stage of life, these individuals develop an incredible number of synapses, or branches that reach between neurons:

A)Infancy and early childhood
B)Adulthood
C)Middle adulthood
D)Late adulthood

Question 16

A child's ability to understand that individuals might engage in behavior according to their own false beliefs increases between the ages of

A)2 and 3
B)7 and 8
C)9 and 10
D)4 and 6

Question 17

According to Kohlberg, at this level children react to questions of right or wrong based on whether it is rewarded or punished by adults.

A)preaccommodation
B)conventional
C)postconventional
D)preconventional

Question 18

In these societies, an individual's sense of self is considered part of a strong social network that includes their families and communities:

A)Collectivistic
B)Idiosyncratic
C)Characteristic
D)Individualistic

Question 19

By this time of life, students are generally able to use flexible, abstract thinking, but may be inconsistent in their application of logical reasoning.

A)Early childhood
B)Childhood
C)Adolescence
D)Early Adulthood

Question 20

Adolescents often overestimate the amount of attention that other people pay to them, a concept known as

A)make-believe
B)imaginary audience
C)psychosis
D)attention seeking

Question 21

Mental health professionals can stop children from experiencing stress or negative events in their lives.

Question 22

There can be serious limitations to traditional counseling approaches that rely too heavily on language or oral expression, especially when working with a younger population or students who have disabilities.

Question 23

Discuss the language development process.How will this affect the way you interact with clients who are children?

Question 24

In Western societies, particularly North America, the orientation tends to be more collectivistic.

Question 25

Girls begin their developmental changes around the age of:

A)13
B)12
C)11
D)14

Question 26

Discuss the neurological changes that occur throughout the development of children and adolescents in the impact it has on counseling clients from these age groups.

Question 27

The final stage described by Kohlberg was the conventional stage in which individuals are able to consider the perspectives of others in their moral decision-making

Question 28

When synapses disappear this is called:

A)synaptic release
B)synapses reduction
C)synapses diminution
D)synaptic pruning

Question 29

List and describe the stages of Kohlberg's moral development model.As a school counselor, how do you see yourself using this model?

Question 30

While Piaget described distinct stages through which children pass as they organize their thinking, Vygotsky asserted that children had their own unique ways of internalizing information based on their social contexts.

Question 31

Most children will enter kindergarten with the ability to carry on a conversation by taking turns, keeping on topic, and using meaningful sentences.

Question 32

Attention span has been linked to myelination.

Question 33

Discuss and describe the ecological model.As a school counselor, how do you see yourself using this model?

Question 34

What two theorists have contributed much to our understanding of how children develop and build on their cognitive skills up to the highest levels of reasoning?

A)Piaget and Vygotsky
B)Ellis and Glasser
C)Vygotsky and Glasser
D)Frankl and Piaget

Question 35

School-based professionals need to be familiar with and skilled in the use of developmentally appropriate approaches that match the students' :

A)physical activity and emotional levels
B)emotional and cognitive levels
C)verbal and physical activity levels
D)parent's cognitive levels

Question 36

Early maturing girls are more likely to report a variety of internalizing and externalizing symptoms than their same age, same gender peers who experienced average pubertal maturation.

Question 37

Self-concept is related to both cognitive and social/emotional development and refers to one's understanding of oneself as an independent person with unique and consistent attributes.

Question 38

The mesosystem might be comprised of the family's socioeconomic status, the neighborhood, and the larger school system

Question 39

The process of myelination continues through:

A)late childhood
B)late adolescence
C)adulthood
D)late adulthood