Deck 4: Psychology in the Laboratory

Question 1

A term originated in the French language meaning clear seeing; this was the supposed extrasensory power of an individual, that is, the power to see or feel objects or events that could be perceived by the senses or measured objectively.

A) psychological compounding
B) nonsense syllables
C) vitalism
D) apperception
E) clairvoyance

Answer 1

clairvoyance

Question 2

The process of organizing mental elements together, the active (selective and constructive) process of attention is called:

A) apperception
B) clairvoyance
C) psychophysics
D) vitalism
E) personal equation

Answer 2

apperception

Question 3

According to Fechner, an exact science of the functional relations of dependency between body and mind is called:

A) experimental psychology
B) apperception
C) clairvoyance
D) psychophysics
E) body-mind paradox

Answer 3

psychophysics

Question 4

The view that life processes arise from or contain a nonmaterial vital principle and cannot be explained entirely as physical and chemical phenomena is called:

A) psychophysics
B) elementarism
C) structural psychology
D) vitalism
E) apperception

Question 5

Experimental introspection is the method according to which the researcher had to carefully observe his own experience as a response to a physical stimulus delivered in laboratory surroundings.

Question 6

A set of folk beliefs that the living could communicate with the deceased through special channels of communication is called:

A) clairvoyance
B) apperception
C) channel theories
D) spiritualism
E) psychophysics

Question 7

David Hume from the University of Toronto, besides teaching and writing was actively involved in campaigns to prohibit alcohol in Ontario.

Question 8

According to Wundt, what is the name of the process which connects elements by association?

A) reflex
B) emotion
C) psychological compounding
D) thinking
E) short-term memory

Question 9

Psychological compounding is a comprehensive viewpoint of society and human behavior based on the idealistic enchantment with the individuality, spontaneity, and passion.

Question 10

At various times translated as Folk Psychology, Social Psychology, or Cultural Psychology, these terms also stand for Wundt's "second psychology".

Question 11

Phrenology was called initially cranioscopy.

Question 12

In 1917 Peking University established China's first psychological laboratory.

Question 13

Charles Bell in England and Francois Magendie in France discovered and described various fibers in the spinal cord. They put forward a surprising hypothesis that nerves conduct electric impulses only in one direction.

Question 14

Mastery values is the belief that individuals using the power of science and technology must exercise control over environment, society, and own body.

Question 15

What was the term used by Ebbinghaus to describe the words containing two consonants and one vowel; the words that would have no apparent meaning in the German language?

A) abracadabra
B) active verbs
C) action words
D) irony of words
E) nonsense syllables

Question 16

Ludwig F. von Helmholtz , a German physicist, measured the speed of nervous impulses, which he registered as approximately 3 feet per second.

Question 17

A school of psychology that studies an individual by paying attention to elements of this individual's experience that are further irreducible is called:

A) mental philosophy
B) psychophysics
C) structural psychology
D) physiological psychology
E) "second psychology"

Question 18

The existence of remarkably consistent differences in measurement between two observers had been established in several experiments is called psychophysics.

Question 19

What is the interval between the presentation of a stimulus and the response to it?

A) threshold
B) reaction time
C) reflex
D) personal equation
E) psychophysics

Question 20

What was the name of a theory connecting the size and shape of the brain with human behavior and the individual's personality?

A) psychophysics
B) psychological compounding
C) phrenology (cranioscopy)
D) theory of thresholds
E) Weber's law

Question 21

Many 19th century textbooks used the term to describe various movements, including reflexes and impulsive, instinctive, and ideational movements.

A) volition
B) power
C) impulsive reflex
D) instinct
E) orientation

Question 22

George Müller never wrote a serious book in psychology. Nevertheless, his role in the history of psychology is illustrative. Like Wundt, he was a psychologist of a new breed, an experimental researcher

Question 23

Brentano divided the acts into three categories. The first is associated with sensing and imaging. The second is associated with judging, such as accepting or recalling. And the third is associated with:

A) play
B) emotional assessments
C) seeing and believing
D) hating or loving
E) moving and growing

Question 24

In the 19th century, hypnosis was again in the center of attention because of new discoveries in the field of physiology of:

A) memory
B) movements
C) learning
D) sleep
E) mental illness

Question 25

Wilhelm Wundt proposed the idea of imageless thought.

Question 26

In December 1892 at the University of Pennsylvania, the first annual meeting of the American Psychological Association took place.

Question 27

The French psychological tradition in the end of the 19th century was focused in the study of:

A) child psychology
B) animal psychology
C) psychology of adolescence
D) mental pathology
E) psychophysics

Question 28

In the history of science, who is considered a founder of psychophysics?

A) Newton
B) Darwin
C) Spencer
D) Ebbinghaus
E) Fechner

Question 29

According to Wundt, psychology was becoming a laboratory-based science of experience. The researcher was supposed to carefully measure psychological elements according to their:

A) quality, intensity, or duration
B) color, shape, and form
C) size, texture, and color
D) tone, pitch, and duration
E) loudness, familiarity, and size

Question 30

Imagine yourself in 1860. You are a student enrolled in a major university in the United States or Europe. You take a college course in psychology. Most likely, who is your teacher?

A) a psychiatrist
B) an ordained Protestant minister
C) a biologist
D) an anthropologist
E) a graduate student

Question 31

Carl Stumpf's main contribution to psychology was his:

A) theory of criminal behavior
B) cognitive- evaluative theory of emotions
C) theory of gender inequality
D) first lie detector devise
E) therapeutic work with young offenders

Question 32

According to Wundt, sensations as elementary parts of experience are activated by signals stimulating sense organs and producing responses in the brain. The other set of elements of experience was:

A) thoughts
B) elements of intelligence
C) memory "chunks"
D) perceptions
E) feelings

Question 33

Who designed a method known in psychology as the method of nonsense syllables?

A) Ebbinghaus
B) Wundt
C) Fechner
D) Galton
E) Darwin

Question 34

In the 19th century, many people believed in or individuals who allegedly served as spiritual bridges between the two worlds.

A) bridges
B) alienists
C) mediums
D) spiritual psychologists
E) hypnotherapists

Question 35

Fechner's Law is also known as:

A) Spencer's Law
B) Ebbinghaus' Law
C) James' Law
D) Weber's Law
E) Wundt's Law

Question 36

Experimental psychology had to deal with many serious obstacles impeding its development. Two described in the book. Which ones?

A) censorship and political pressure
B) cultural and technological
C) financial and ideological
D) political and engineering
E) anthropological and mechanical

Question 37

Gall divided the brain into two large groups and 37 zones representing:

A) physical and emotional characteristics
B) physical and intellectual characteristics
C) emotional and intellectual characteristics
D) male and female characteristics
E) adult and "infantile" characteristics

Question 38

In Canada the first experimental psychology laboratory was established by:

A) Norman Angell
B) James Hume
C) James Baldwin
D) Steven Green
E) Ivan Pavlov

Question 39

In Russia, the young doctor established the first psychological laboratory in 1886. Who was he?

A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Vladimir Bekhterev
C) Gustav Fechner
D) Jean Piaget
E) Alex Ovechkin

Question 40

Wundt remains in the history of psychology as a pioneer who brought psychology into the confinement of the hospital.

Question 41

For many administrators in European universities in the second half of the 19th century, psychology was not their "favorite daughter." Which disciplines were receiving more attention and funding?

Question 42

After the book Reflexes of the Brain was released in 1876, the critics hoped to censor it. Why?

Question 43

What are the dermal senses? (This was a quiz question for the seniors at Wellesley College at the end of the 19^th century).

Question 44

What were Primacy and recency effects in Ebbinghaus studies?

Question 45

What was the significance of the early measurement-based studies in psychology?

Question 46

Why did spiritualism and clairvoyance remain popular in the 19th century?

Question 47

The focus of studies of the American Society of Psychical Research was:

Question 48

Oswald Külpe asked his research subjects to recall and then analyze their experiences that had occurred during the experiment. This method received the name:

Question 49

What was Brentano's main contribution to psychology?

Question 50

The first laboratory of psychology in the United States was organized by G. Stanley Hall at which university?

Question 51

Edward Titchener wanted to build experimental psychology as an exact counterpart of:

A) history
B) modern mechanics
C) modern biology
D) modern engineering
E) archaeology

Question 52

Critic claimed that Gall's phrenology was based on a cognitive error called today the self-fulfilling prophecy. Please explain.

Question 53

As you remember, Wundt's laboratory in Leipzig hosted students from all parts of the world. Two national groups stood out in terms of the number of visitors:

Question 54

The firing of a young man named David Kinnebrook in 1794 from the British Observatory at Greenwich is such an emblematic event in the history of psychology. Why?

Question 55

Experimental psychology emerged first in Germany. Why did Germany play such a
leading role?

Question 56

Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) was among the first scientists to conduct this type of research:

Question 57

What was the main point of Sechenov's Reflexes of the Brain?

Question 58

According to Wundt, people speaking German since childhood had to become prone to:

Question 59

What was unschooled introspection according to Titchener?

Question 60

Wundt named three goals for psychology. The first was the analysis of elements of consciousness. The second was finding the manner of connection of the elements. And the third goal was:

Question 61

During its first formative years, the American Psychological Association served several important functions. Describe them.

Question 62

Dictionaries define eclectic as something incorporating, embracing individual elements from a variety of sources, systems, or styles. Do you think that the early experimental psychology was eclectic? Describe your view