Deck 28: Rights, Rebellion, and Reaction, 1960-1974

Question 1

Which of the following factors contributed to John F. Kennedy's win in the presidential election of 1960?

A) His willingness to speak out against McCarthyism
B) The African American vote
C) His impressive political experience
D) Support from moderate Republicans

Answer 1

The African American vote

Question 2

In its 1963 decision in Baker v. Carr, the Supreme Court established

A) the principle of one person, one vote for state and national legislatures.
B) states' duty to provide counsel to indigent people accused of crimes.
C) the unconstitutionality of Bible-reading and prayer in public schools.
D) the requirement that police officers inform criminal suspects of their rights.

Answer 2

the principle of one person, one vote for state and national legislatures.

Question 3

Which of the following describes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965?

A) It required the implementation of programs for gifted students in underperforming K-12 schools.
B) It sent federal money to local school districts with high poverty populations.
C) It neglected to provide support for private and parochial schools serving poor students.
D) It provided federal funds only to districts that had implemented significant desegregation measures in K-12 schools.

Answer 3

It sent federal money to local school districts with high poverty populations.

Question 4

How did the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren expand the Constitution's promise of equality and individual rights?

A) It strictly limited government activism.
B) It supported an activist government.
C) It denied accused criminals state-appointed lawyers.
D) It supported Bible reading and prayer in public schools.

Question 5

What made the Community Action Program (CAP) the most controversial part of the War on Poverty programs?

A) Its beneficiaries were given no voice in its direction.
B) It promised to be an extremely expensive program that might not work.
C) Few believed its key element, the Job Corps, had any chance of success.
D) It required the maximum feasible participation of the poor it proposed to help.

Question 6

What was the outcome of the National Housing Act of 1968?

A) A mandate for subsidized housing for all people living in poverty
B) A requirement that adults in subsidized housing prove that they had jobs
C) The decision to keep construction and ownership of low-income housing in the private sector
D) The government's denial that it was responsible for providing low-cost housing

Question 7

The Supreme Court ruled in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) that accused criminals were entitled to

A) a reading of their rights.
B) certain jail privileges, such as phone calls.
C) a prompt hearing before a judge.
D) a lawyer.

Question 8

In its 1967 Loving v. Virginia decision, the Supreme Court invalidated state laws banning what?

A) Black voting
B) Restrictive covenants
C) Interracial marriage
D) Segregated schools

Question 9

What was the end result of Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty?

A) It did not significantly redistribute total national income.
B) It led to the rich getting richer and the poor getting even poorer.
C) It did not significantly change or reduce national rates of poverty.
D) It led to the complete elimination of poverty for select individuals.

Question 10

What did President Lyndon B. Johnson bring to the White House?

A) Little experience in the political arena
B) Enormous skill in persuading and threatening legislators
C) Insufficient political power to pass Kennedy's legislation
D) A strong commitment to avoiding further involvement in Vietnam

Question 11

In 1965, President Johnson became the first president to send Congress a special message on

A) political conditions in Southeast Asia.
B) the national security threat posed by terrorism.
C) the dawning of the computer age.
D) the condition of the environment.

Question 12

Why did the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organize the Freedom Rides in 1961?

A) To transport African American voters to the polls
B) To commemorate the emancipation of slaves in the United States
C) To provide free transportation to poor people of all races in the South
D) To integrate interstate transportation in the South

Question 13

What happened during civil rights demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963?

A) The police attacked the peaceful demonstrators.
B) African Americans stopped protesting owing to fear of violence.
C) The police protected the demonstrators from an attack by white supremacists.
D) Members of the Ku Klux Klan attacked the demonstrators.

Question 14

What did the Medicare program provide?

A) Universal compulsory insurance for the elderly
B) Health insurance coverage for all people on welfare
C) Hospital insurance only for those in need
D) Free prescription drug coverage for the elderly

Question 15

How did the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 change U.S. immigration policy?

A) It stopped all immigration from China.
B) It extended the national-origins quota system.
C) It removed all restrictions on immigration.
D) It abolished the national-origins quota system.

Question 16

What was the result of the election of 1964?

A) Hubert Humphrey came close to winning the Electoral College vote.
B) Barry Goldwater ran a close race against Lyndon Johnson in the popular vote.
C) Lyndon Johnson was elected president in a record-breaking landslide.
D) The Republicans increased their majorities in Congress.

Question 17

In the months before his death, President Kennedy had been pursuing initiatives such as

A) tax increases on the wealthy and an increase in munitions development.
B) programs to expand welfare, health care benefits, and federal education loans.
C) programs to attack poverty, grow the economy, and promote civil rights.
D) legislation to reverse policies previously established by the New Deal and Fair Deal.

Question 18

What did the Warren Commission conclude about the assassination of President Kennedy?

A) There had been a conspiracy to kill President Kennedy.
B) Both Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby had acted alone.
C) There was not enough evidence to determine the facts underlying the assassination.
D) The assassination by Lee Harvey Oswald was a Communist plot.

Question 19

Which of the following statements characterizes the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

A) It initially rejected the principles of Martin Luther King Jr.
B) It initially organized peaceful demonstrations using civil disobedience.
C) It staged nonviolent strategies that met with almost immediate success.
D) It was founded as a centralized and hierarchical organization.

Question 20

To eradicate poverty and solve most social problems, President Kennedy believed the United States needed to

A) grow the economy.
B) control runaway inflation.
C) have a strong military presence.
D) redistribute wealth through its tax policy.

Question 21

In 1965, President Johnson issued an executive order to require employers holding government contracts

A) to give pay raises to African American workers.
B) to take affirmative action to ensure equal opportunity.
C) to give pay raises to women workers.
D) to hire minorities based on a federally mandated quota.

Question 22

When Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968, he was

A) leading a march in Atlanta.
B) demonstrating on Chicago's South Side.
C) supporting a municipal garbage workers' strike in Memphis.
D) giving a speech to support fair housing in Tallahassee.

Question 23

What happened at a massive civil rights demonstration in the nation's capital in August 1963?

A) Fighting broke out between white and black participants.
B) Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I have a dream" speech.
C) Riot police randomly clubbed hundreds of protesters and dispersed crowds with tear gas.
D) Martin Luther King Jr. alienated most white Americans with an inflammatory speech.

Question 24

In the 1960s, the members of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

A) were young, politically naïve, middle-class rebels who raised a lot of trouble but had few concrete goals.
B) were idealistic young people with too much time on their hands and too little commitment to change.
C) wanted to mobilize a New Left around the goals of civil rights, peace, and universal economic security.
D) hoped to convince more radical organizations to work within the system, which they saw as more effective.

Question 25

How did President Johnson respond to the Bloody Sunday event of 1965?

A) He called up the National Guard to protect the marchers.
B) He did not take any action at all.
C) He allowed Governor George Wallace to cancel the march.
D) He jailed SNCC chairman John Lewis.

Question 26

What 1969 event became the most dramatic action taken by militant Indians in the United States?

A) A hostile takeover of a federal building in Washington, D.C., for two weeks
B) Local Indian activists' seizure and occupation of Alcatraz Island
C) Apaches damming of the Colorado River, causing flooding in Colorado
D) Sioux Indians holding South Dakota legislators hostage for twenty-one days

Question 27

In 1964, students at the University of California, Berkeley, held a large-scale protest in support of

A) free speech.
B) a ban on nuclear weapons.
C) an end to the Vietnam War.
D) freedom of thought.

Question 28

Which statement describes the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project of 1964?

A) It successfully registered half of the adult blacks in Mississippi to vote.
B) It was a stellar example of the effectiveness of nonviolent protest.
C) It put northern college students to work helping blacks register to vote.
D) It met with little resistance because it was organized and staffed primarily by whites.

Question 29

How did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 transform southern politics?

A) It empowered the federal government to intervene directly to enable African Americans to register and vote.
B) It recalled every legislator and state and local official that had been elected by a white electorate.
C) It gave the Supreme Court the power to nullify state elections in which blacks were deprived of their voting rights.
D) It mandated a basic literacy test for voters of all races, not just blacks.

Question 30

As the radical chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Stokely Carmichael

A) called for blacks to form their own political organizations.
B) called whites devils who are inherently evil.
C) advocated extreme violence as a way to achieve racial equality.
D) started the back-to-Africa movement.

Question 31

What was an important goal of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s?

A) The establishment of survival schools to teach Indian history and values
B) A return to the policies of relocation and termination
C) Full acceptance and assimilation into mainstream America
D) An end to traditional Native American religious practices

Question 32

How did the Civil Rights Act of 1968 address racial equality?

A) By mandating a system of busing for all public school students
B) Through a ban on discrimination in housing and jury selection
C) Through the prohibition of literacy requirements for black voters
D) By forbidding the FBI to investigate civil rights leaders

Question 33

Where did Malcolm X attract an especially large following?

A) Rural areas of the South
B) Southern suburbs
C) Poor areas of the Sun Belt
D) Northern urban ghettoes

Question 34

What was Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A) An extension of voting rights in the South
B) A ban on discrimination, including gender discrimination, in employment
C) A law that prohibited discrimination in restaurants and hotels
D) A law that mandated the integration of public education

Question 35

Like black nationalist organizations, La Raza Unida

A) rejected appeals to cultural pride and brotherhood.
B) paid little attention to economic justice and police brutality.
C) made cultural pride and brotherhood a central part of its agenda.
D) placed the concerns of women at the top of its agenda.

Question 36

Drawing on the example of the Beats, the counterculture of the 1960s

A) revered the writings of the Brontë sisters.
B) rejected mainstream values such as materialism.
C) insisted that the ends justified their violent means.
D) believed that a citizen's first responsibility was to society.

Question 37

By 1966, the civil rights movement in the United States

A) had reconfirmed its commitment to nonviolence.
B) had achieved most of its major goals.
C) was no longer committed to nonviolence.
D) had been forced underground by continuing violence.

Question 38

What was the event that sparked a larger movement to end discrimination against gay men and lesbians in 1969?

A) A police raid at the Stonewall Inn in New York City
B) A protest outside the Miss America pageant
C) The occupation of the national American Psychiatric Association Convention
D) The assassination of New York's first openly gay city councilor

Question 39

How did most whites perceive civil rights activism by 1966?

A) They still supported civil rights activism.
B) They thought that blacks were pressing for too much too quickly.
C) They sympathized with black power advocates' calls for independence.
D) They felt that activists were unjustly persecuted by racist police officers.

Question 40

Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta organized the Chicanos primarily to achieve

A) improved conditions of migrant farmworkers in California.
B) coursework on Mexican history in public schools.
C) fewer and less strict restrictions on immigration from Mexico.
D) higher wages for Mexican American factory workers in California canneries.

Question 41

What were the primary differences between the women's liberation movement and women's rights organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW)? What did they have in common?

Question 42

How did the approach of some black activists in the civil rights movement change by 1966?

Question 43

What were the Stonewall riots and how did they spark the movement for gay and lesbian rights?

Question 44

To what extent did President Kennedy live up to his promise to confront the nation's "unsolved problems of peace and war . . . ignorance and prejudice . . . poverty and surplus"?

Question 45

What were the terms and provisions of each of the three civil rights bills passed in the 1960s?

Question 46

What factor helped to spark the new wave of feminism in the late 1960s and early 1970s?

A) The wholesale abandonment of the workplace by women after World War II
B) The declining number of women attending institutions of higher education
C) The federal government's efforts to challenge women's traditional domestic roles
D) An escalating number of women performing paid jobs in the workplace

Question 47

Why were women of color critical of white women's feminist organizations?

A) White feminists ignored the poverty faced by many minority women.
B) White feminist groups only focused on achieving voting rights for women.
C) White feminists seemed indifferent to the problems of women in the workplace.
D) White feminist organizations failed to support women who were running for office.

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of the sweeping change forged by feminists in the 1960s and 1970s?

A) Woman suffrage
B) The adoption of the Equal Rights Amendment
C) Passage of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972
D) The end of gender discrimination in most workplaces

Question 49

To what extent did liberal policies and programs extend into the Nixon administration?

Question 50

The radical feminist movement differed from the National Organization for Women and other mainstream feminist organizations in that

A) it ignored women's subordination in the family and in other personal relationships.
B) radical women focused on equal treatment of women in the public sphere.
C) it focused primarily on equal treatment for women in the workplace.
D) radical feminists sought fundamental changes in the nation's institutions.

Question 51

Phyllis Schlafly is most closely associated with

A) the effort to liberalize abortion laws.
B) the conservative challenge to feminism in the 1970s.
C) the effort to gain equal access to medical and law schools for women.
D) the protest of the Miss America Pageant in 1968.

Question 52

Who persuaded President Kennedy to create the President's Commission on the Status of Women in 1961?

A) Lyndon Johnson
B) Esther Peterson
C) Betty Friedan
D) Pauli Murray

Question 53

How successful was Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty?

Question 54

How did the environmental movement in the United States challenge the dominant values of consumption and growth?

Question 55

During the Nixon administration, the number of government assistance programs

A) was reduced drastically.
B) did not change.
C) actually grew.
D) fluctuated throughout the course of the term.

Question 56

Stagflation describes an economy that combines

A) unemployment with inflation.
B) low interest rates with deflation.
C) rapid growth with inflation.
D) rapid growth with recession.

Question 57

What was Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)? Who joined it, and what issues concerned its members?

Question 58

Describe the massive civil rights march on Washington, D.C., in August 1963. Who attended? Who was the main speaker, and what did he talk about?

Question 59

Out of all protest groups, President Nixon gave the most public support for justice to

A) Latinos.
B) Native Americans.
C) blacks.
D) Asian Americans.

Question 60

The new environmentalists of the 1970s broadened the agenda of the Progressive-era conservation movement by

A) focusing attention on the ravaging effects of industrial development on human life and health.
B) shifting attention away from land preservation and toward the preservation of threatened species.
C) focusing attention on preserving the natural world for recreational and esthetic purposes.
D) supporting limited oil drilling in the already developed regions of Alaska.

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Movement of the 1960s and 1970s that emphasized black racial pride and autonomy. Advocates encouraged African Americans to assert community control and some within the movement also rejected the ethos of nonviolence.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Federal body created by President Richard Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws, conduct environmental research, and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion, which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy. The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 64

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren interpreted the Constitution in ways that required the government to actually prevent injustice and discrimination. Explain this statement by citing specific Supreme Court decisions made between 1953 and 1969.

Question 65

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Organization established in 1968 to address the problems Indians faced in American cities, including poverty and police harassment. The organization mobilized Indians to end relocation and termination policies and win greater control over their cultures and communities.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 66

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Mobilization of Mexican Americans in the 1960s and 1970s to fight for civil rights, economic justice, and political power and to combat police brutality. Most notably, the movement worked to improve the lives of migrant farmworkers and to end discrimination in employment and education.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 67

Discuss the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project of 1964 and the civil rights march from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama, the following year. What were their common goals? What was the outcome of each?

Question 68

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Legislation passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration abolishing discriminatory immigration quotas based on national origins. Although the law did limit the number of immigrants, including those from Latin America for the first time, it facilitated a surge in immigration later in the century.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 69

How did African Americans' struggle for civil rights influence the struggles of Native Americans, Latinos, and women?

Question 70

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Women's civil rights organization formed in 1966. Initially, it focused on eliminating gender discrimination in public institutions and the workplace, but by the 1970s it also embraced many of the issues raised by more radical feminists.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 71

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Law passed during Lyndon Johnson's administration that empowered the federal government to intervene to ensure that minorities had access to the voting booth. As a result of the act, black voting and officeholding in the South shot up, initiating a major transformation in southern politics.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 72

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
President Lyndon Johnson's efforts, organized through the Office of Economic Opportunity, to ameliorate poverty primarily through education and training and by including the poor in decision making.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 73

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Social programs enacted as part of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society. One provided the elderly with universal compulsory medical insurance financed primarily by Social Security taxes, while the other authorized federal grants to supplement state-paid medical care for poor people of all ages.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 74

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment, education, and public accommodations illegal. It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 75

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren (1953-69), which expanded the Constitution's promise of equality and civil rights and issued landmark decisions in the areas of civil rights, criminal rights, reproductive freedom, and separation of church and state.

A)American Indian Movement (AIM)
B)black power movement
C)Chicano movement
D)Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
F)Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
G)Medicare and Medicaid
H)National Organization for Women (NOW)
I)Roe v. Wade
J)Voting Rights Act of 1965
K)War on Poverty
L)Warren Court

Question 76

The feminism that emerged in the 1960s affected women in many ways. How did different activist groups define feminism? What approaches did these groups take to achieve their goals? What did they achieve? What obstacles did they face?

Question 77

How did conservative activists and the Republican administration of Richard Nixon respond to the dramatic changes of the 1960s and early 1970s?