Deck 22: World War I: the Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad, 1914-1920

Question 1

Once Congress declared war against Germany in April 1917, President Wilson stated the Americans' goal in the war was to

A) vindicate the principles of peace and justice.
B) destroy Germany and the other Axis powers.
C) restructure Europe to exclude Germany.
D) prevent Germany from conquering the United States.

Answer 1

vindicate the principles of peace and justice.

Question 2

Why did Germany decide to resume unrestricted submarine warfare in January 1917?

A) It did not believe the United States had any intention of entering the war.
B) It felt it could win the war before the United States could bring its army to Europe.
C) Its army in France was nearly defeated and it had nothing to lose.
D) It had received intelligence reports that America was mobilizing for war.

Answer 2

It felt it could win the war before the United States could bring its army to Europe.

Question 3

How did William Jennings Bryan react to President Wilson's threat to break diplomatic relations with Germany?

A) Bryan resigned, feeling the president was too cautious in a time of war.
B) Bryan resigned because he felt the president had placed the U.S. on a collision course with Germany.
C) Bryan offered public support for the president's decision to break diplomatic relations with Germany.
D) Bryan switched his allegiance to the Republican party because more Republicans than Democrats opposed going to war.

Answer 3

Bryan resigned because he felt the president had placed the U.S. on a collision course with Germany.

Question 4

What motivated the rebellion of Mexican farmers led by Pancho Villa in 1916-17?

A) The rebels wanted to restore the government of General Victoriano Huerta.
B) The rebels wanted government subsidies as compensation for crops lost in a major drought.
C) The rebels believed that the new American-backed government had betrayed the revolution's promise to help the common people.
D) The rebelling farmers sought American aid to help them restore their fields after they were damaged during the civil war under General Victoriano Huerta.

Question 5

According to President Wilson, American neutrality entailed

A) the right to offer nonmilitary aid to the Allies.
B) free trade with all nations at war and a guarantee of safety on the open seas.
C) an embargo on all private passenger ships traveling between the British Isles, Europe, and the United States.
D) a mediator role in the peace process.

Question 6

On August 3, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia and

A) Serbia.
B) Austria-Hungary.
C) France.
D) Great Britain.

Question 7

Why did President Wilson allow billions of dollars in loans that kept American goods flowing to Britain and France in 1916?

A) He had publicly abandoned the idea of neutrality.
B) He hoped to bait the Germans into declaring war on the United States.
C) He did not believe that the loans were inconsistent with the true spirit of neutrality.
D) He did not want to jeopardize America's wartime prosperity.

Question 8

The immediate cause of President Wilson's decision to ask Congress for a declaration of war against Germany in 1917 was

A) the discovery of the German's true hostility toward the U.S. through the Zimmermann telegram.
B) German submarine attacks on five American vessels off the coast of Great Britain.
C) pressure from Theodore Roosevelt and other powerful and influential interventionists.
D) the discovery of German submarines poised to attack American cities on the Atlantic coast.

Question 9

Which precedent guided President Wilson's policies toward Latin America?

A) The Monroe Doctrine
B) Expansionism
C) Isolationism
D) Dollar diplomacy

Question 10

What was the impact of Great Britain's blockade of Germany in 1914?

A) The United States immediately cut off trade with Great Britain.
B) Trade between the United States and Great Britain increased.
C) Trade between the United States and Germany was not affected.
D) President Wilson immediately declared war against Germany.

Question 11

How did President Wilson respond to the initial outbreak of war in Europe in 1914?

A) He issued a proclamation of America's absolute neutrality.
B) He sided with the Allies.
C) He banned trade with any nation involved in the war.
D) He immediately deployed U.S. troops to Europe.

Question 12

Which divisions did European countries establish before the outbreak of World War I?

A) Western Europe and Eastern Europe
B) The Axis powers and the Allied nations
C) The Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance
D) The British and the German empires

Question 13

Why did President Woodrow Wilson choose William Jennings Bryan to serve as his secretary of state in 1912?

A) The Senate supported Bryan.
B) Bryan was an avowed pacifist.
C) Bryan had extensive military experience.
D) Bryan had served successfully under William Howard Taft.

Question 14

What triggered the outbreak of World War I in 1914?

A) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by a Bosnian Serb terrorist
B) German pillaging in Belgium that preceded its attack on and invasion of France
C) The monarch's objection to the national election of a socialist prime minister in Poland in 1914
D) The accidental sinking of the British passenger ship Lusitania by German U-boats

Question 15

The Selective Service Act of 1917 authorized the armed forces to conscript

A) more than five million men and women.
B) all young men.
C) African Americans and veterans of the Spanish-American War.
D) only those who were already serving in the country's reserve units.

Question 16

How did Germany react to the 1914 blockade?

A) By sending submarines to America's East Coast
B) By declaring war on the United States
C) By beginning a submarine blockade of Great Britain
D) By attacking American ships

Question 17

Which of the following describes the Zimmermann telegram that made headlines in 1917?

A) It revealed German plans to destroy the Panama Canal.
B) It encouraged Mexico to recruit men for service in the German army.
C) It promised Mexico its lost provinces in the United States if it would declare war on its northern neighbor.
D) It conveyed the Germans' belief that the United States would adhere to its neutral position.

Question 18

How did President Wilson respond to the Germans' sinking of the Lusitania?

A) He threatened a break in diplomatic relations with Germany.
B) He reiterated William Jennings Bryan's call for peace.
C) He declared war on Germany.
D) He warned Americans about sailing on foreign ships that might carry arms.

Question 19

Which of the following describes Wilson's experience in the presidential election of 1916?

A) He faced two opponents: Theodore Roosevelt and Charles Evans Hughes.
B) He won the election but only by a very small margin.
C) Divisions in the Democratic party compelled him to run on the Reform ticket.
D) He promised that he would continue to keep the United States out of the war in Europe.

Question 20

President Wilson justified which decision by declaring that he would not support a "government of butchers"?

A) Dispatching troops to Latin America after the outbreak of World War I
B) Pulling American troops out of the Dominican Republic
C) Intervening in Mexico's affairs after the Mexican Revolution
D) Supporting the establishment of a dictatorship in Haiti

Question 21

Which statement describes African Americans' participation in the war?

A) Most refused to fight on behalf of a discriminatory country.
B) They received the same treatment as white soldiers.
C) Most saw actual combat action, not just labor service.
D) They accounted for 370,000 of American forces.

Question 22

What event finally spurred the granting of suffrage to all American women in 1920?

A) Southern states gave the vote to women.
B) The Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny women the right to vote.
C) Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment, which was subsequently ratified by two-thirds of the states.
D) Woodrow Wilson granted woman suffrage by executive order.

Question 23

How did President Wilson demonstrate his progressive credentials when the United States entered the war in 1917?

A) He appointed Theodore Roosevelt commander of the American Expeditionary Force.
B) He nationalized the country's railroads and heavy industries for the duration of the war.
C) He created new federal agencies to deal with the specific needs of the troops and the home front.
D) He made a concerted effort to keep the war effort from influencing his domestic policies.

Question 24

The war provided a huge boost for the temperance movement and led to what outcome by late 1917?

A) Congressional passage of the Eighteenth Amendment
B) Prohibition victories in more than half the states
C) Prohibitionists' determination to lead a new national Temperance Commission
D) The establishment of a national drinking age of twenty-one to prevent the sale of liquor to minors

Question 25

President Wilson created the Committee on Public Information to

A) silence the antiwar film industry.
B) ban novels written by German authors.
C) stir up patriotism with posters, pamphlets, cartoons, and press releases.
D) protect war critics like Jane Addams and Emily Greene Balch.

Question 26

The U.S. government passed the Espionage Act, the Trading with the Enemy Act, and the Sedition Act during World War I to

A) promote patriotism among groups who might be loyal to Germany.
B) quiet conscientious objectors and other critics of the war.
C) punish anything it considered disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive.
D) warn German citizens that dissent would be punished by deportation.

Question 27

What reform or reforms did the National War Labor Policies Board enact successfully during World War I?

A) Health insurance, increased wages, and a pension plan for government employees
B) Death and disability insurance for workers in industries involved in war production
C) The eight-hour workday, a living minimum wage, and collective bargaining rights in some industries
D) Compensated sick days for all American workers no matter how long they had been in their jobs

Question 28

What was the impact of the labor shortage that resulted from the mobilization of U.S. troops in 1917?

A) Expanded employment opportunities for women
B) A decrease in the nation's agricultural output
C) Weakened labor unions by depriving them of members
D) Expanded U.S. immigration quotas to grow the workforce

Question 29

What was the impact of World War I on partisan politics in the 1918 elections in the United States?

A) The national commitment created political unity and silenced partisan politics.
B) Republicans used the war to achieve narrow majorities in the House and Senate.
C) The American victory in the war widened the Democratic majority in the House and Senate.
D) Widespread anti-German sentiment threatened the unity of the Republican party and its continued role in American politics.

Question 30

What was the irony of the 369th Regiment of the 92nd Division winning more medals than any other American combat unit?

A) This black regiment had to serve with the French in order to be deployed in active combat versus a labor unit detail.
B) It spent barely a month in battle.
C) It lost most of its battles during the war.
D) It consisted primarily of German immigrants.

Question 31

What did President Wilson call for in his Fourteen Points?

A) A return to the prewar status quo
B) The right of Europeans to self-determination
C) Strict punishment of the German nation
D) The United Nations to begin meeting immediately

Question 32

Which event led the German republic to seek an armistice in 1918?

A) Battle of the Somme
B) Battle at Château-Thierry
C) Siege of Paris
D) The offensive along the Meuse River

Question 33

Which nation suffered the most casualties in World War I?

A) The United States
B) Great Britain
C) France
D) Germany

Question 34

What did the Allies hope to gain in negotiating the 1919 peace treaty in Paris?

A) Leniency in dealing with the German people
B) An end to secret treaties and alliances
C) Free trade among all European nations
D) Disarmament and punishment for Germany

Question 35

To ensure the loyalty of an immigrant nation to the cause of war, President Wilson

A) demanded that public schools add recent world events to their curricula.
B) enforced meatless and wheatless weekends so that Americans would understand how Europeans were suffering.
C) launched a government-sponsored propaganda campaign to foster patriotism among ethnic groups.
D) made it illegal for Americans to identify publicly with their ethnic origins.

Question 36

Woodrow Wilson selected General John Pershing to command the American Expeditionary Force in Europe because

A) Pershing's romantic patriotism reminded the president of Theodore Roosevelt.
B) Pershing had a longstanding affiliation with West Point.
C) Pershing was known for the kind of level-headed efficiency many progressives believed was needed in modern warfare.
D) the president believed that Pershing's lack of battle experience would actually be an asset in the war.

Question 37

Which group of American senators opposed the Treaty of Versailles?

A) Democratic interventionists
B) Republican isolationists
C) Democratic party loyalists
D) Roosevelt progressives

Question 38

What resulted from the patriotic fervor that grew in the United States during World War I?

A) The German language disappeared from public school curricula.
B) German speech was banned in public settings.
C) All German citizens living in the United States were detained.
D) German immigrants were refused naturalization.

Question 39

How were Wilson's Fourteen Points honored in the Versailles treaty?

A) The treaty included the establishment of the League of Nations.
B) The treaty guaranteed freedom of the seas for all nations.
C) Germany's colonies in Asia were granted self-determination.
D) Germany was required pay war reparations to its former rivals.

Question 40

Why were the Germans outraged by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A) They did not believe they had lost the war.
B) They had agreed to an armistice based on Wilson's Fourteen Points.
C) They had expected that France would take sole blame for causing the war.
D) Their Asian colonies were assigned to Japan.

Question 41

How did U.S. workers respond to the government's efforts to return the United States to a peacetime economy in 1919? What was the outcome of their actions?

Question 42

What chain of events finally moved President Wilson to ask Congress for a declaration of war against Germany?

Question 43

When Warren G. Harding declared a need for "normalcy" in America, he called for which of the following?

A) A regular steady order of things, without excess
B) An America of yesteryear, when life was simpler
C) Rugged individualism and self-help, without the government interference
D) A repeal of the constitutional amendment allowing women to vote

Question 44

What development resulted from the U.S. labor situation in 1919?

A) Workers' hours were cut to accommodate cutbacks in production.
B) Four million workers organized more than 3,600 strikes.
C) The country's industrial centers experienced unprecedented growth of labor unions.
D) The American middle-class population grew exponentially.

Question 45

Discuss the numerous federal agencies created to meet the specific needs of mobilization after the United States declared war against Germany. Include each agency's name, purpose, and leadership.

Question 46

The Committee on Public Information was charged with promoting patriotism in the United States during World War I. What kinds of activities did it use to fend off criticism of the war?

Question 47

Why did the United States fail to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations?

A) President Wilson would not compromise on the terms of the treaty.
B) Americans overwhelmingly opposed the League of Nations.
C) The House of Representatives voted against the treaty's ratification.
D) President Wilson's health limited his ability to lobby the members of Congress for their support.

Question 48

How did the values and priorities of progressivism shape the experiences of the new recruits drafted as a result of the Selective Services Act of 1917?

Question 49

What did Mexican migrants to the American Southwest, immigrants from Europe, and black migrants from the South have in common?

A) All dreamed of a better life but found a mix of opportunity and disappointment.
B) All chose to relocate in urban centers with significant industrial development.
C) All readily assimilated into a comfortable middle-class life.
D) None faced significant discrimination in their new homes.

Question 50

How did African Americans seek to escape the South's cotton fields and kitchens between 1915 and 1920?

A) They moved in large numbers to California, Oregon, and Washington state.
B) They left the South for northern industrial cities such as Detroit and Cleveland.
C) They founded new communities in Kansas and Oklahoma.
D) They participated in the war effort at home and abroad and won recognition for their diverse talents.

Question 51

What events triggered World War I? In Europe, who declared war against whom?

Question 52

How did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in the case of Schenck v. United States (1919)?

A) It struck down federal restrictions on free speech that had been imposed during the war.
B) It overturned Charles Schenck's conviction for urging resistance to the wartime draft.
C) It ruled that Charles Schenck's actions posed a clear and present danger to the nation in a time of war.
D) It upheld the conviction of Charles Schenck for threatening to assassinate the president and vice president.

Question 53

When the Great War broke out in Europe in 1914, why didn't President Wilson immediately come to the aid of the Allies?

Question 54

What was the American Red scare of 1919 and 1920?

A) A fear of internal subversion and Communist revolution that resulted in suppression of dissent
B) A frightening series of strikes led by Communist radicals in the United States
C) An epidemic of Spanish influenza that claimed the lives of some 700,000 Americans
D) A protest by socialist reformers who circulated posters and pamphlets and marched on Washington

Question 55

Discuss the debate in the U.S. Senate over the ratification of the Versailles treaty. What arguments were put forth by the treaty's critics? What was the final outcome?

Question 56

What was one result of the racial and demographic shifts that took place during World War I?

A) Race riots in two dozen northern cities
B) Better treatment of those blacks who remained in the South
C) Greater acceptance of blacks by whites throughout the nation
D) Legislative action in the South to stop blacks from leaving

Question 57

Why did President Wilson intervene in Mexican affairs beginning in 1914? What was the outcome of his intervention?

Question 58

What was the outcome of the return to free enterprise in the United States after World War I?

A) Unprecedented levels of employment and workers' well-being
B) Steady prices and continued gains for the workers class
C) Greater cooperation between government, business, and labor unions
D) A rise in unemployment and new conflicts between business and labor

Question 59

Compare the great migrations of African Americans and Mexicans during World War I. What did they hold in common? How did they differ?

Question 60

Why did Senator Henry Cabot Lodge oppose the Treaty of Versailles?

A) He believed that Great Britain should be allowed to retain its empire.
B) He feared it would allow Wilson to win the presidency again in 1920.
C) He feared the League of Nations would interfere with American autonomy in foreign policy matters.
D) He thought Germany should be forced to pay higher reparations than those specified in the agreement.

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Russian revolutionaries who forced Czar Nicholas II to abdicate and seized power in Russia in 1917. In a separate peace with Germany, their new revolutionary government withdrew Russia from World War I.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Proposed in the Fourteen Points, this international organization was designed to secure political independence and territorial integrity for all states and thus ensure enduring peace. The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, and the United States never became a member.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Treaty signed on June 28, 1919, that ended World War I. The agreement redrew the map of the world and assigned Germany sole responsibility for the war, saddling it with a debt of $33 billion in damages. Many Germans felt betrayed by the treaty.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 64

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
This 1919 Supreme Court decision established a "clear and present danger" test for restricting free speech.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 65

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
American armed forces under the command of General John Pershing, who fought under a separate American command in Europe during World War I. They helped defeat Germany when they entered the conflict in full force in 1918.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 66

Which elements of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points were reflected in the terms of the Versailles treaty? Which were not?

Question 67

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Woodrow Wilson's 1918 plan to create a new democratic world order with lasting peace. It affirmed basic liberal ideals, supported the right to self-determination, and called for the creation of a League of Nations. Wilson compromised on his plan at the 1919 Paris peace conference, and the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the resulting treaty.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 68

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Amendment banning the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol, passed by Congress in December 1917 and ratified in January 1920.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 69

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
Amendment granting women the vote, passed by Congress in 1919 and ratified in August 1920.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 70

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
This early-twentieth-century pact between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy was part of a complex network of diplomacy intended to prevent war in Europe by balancing power. In actuality, such agreements made large-scale conflict more likely.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 71

During and immediately after World War I, both the woman suffrage movement and the temperance movement finally achieved the goals they had sought for decades. How did the war contribute to these movements' victories?

Question 72

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
The widespread fear of internal subversion and Communist revolution that swept the United States in 1919 and resulted in suppression of dissent. Labor unrest, postwar recession, the difficult peacetime readjustment, and the Soviet establishment of the Comintern all contributed to this fear.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 73

Describe the social and economic climate in the United States after World War I that led to the Red scare. To what degree was the perceived menace a real threat?

Question 74

How did President Wilson deal with criticism of U.S. involvement in World War I? What were the consequences of the federal government's response to critics and dissenters?

Question 75

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
This early-twentieth-century pact between Great Britain, France, and Russia was formed as part of a complex network of diplomacy intended to prevent war in Europe by balancing power. In actuality, such agreements made large-scale conflict more likely.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty

Question 76

Why did the United States take a firm stand on maintaining neutrality in World War I in 1914 and then reverse this policy and send American troops to Europe in 1917?

Question 77

Use the following to answer questions :
Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section.
British passenger liner torpedoed by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915. The attack killed 1,198 passengers, including 128 Americans. The incident challenged American neutrality during World War I and moved the United States on a path toward entering the war.

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v. United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty