Deck 13: Diversity in the Workplace

Question 1

On average, women earn less than men because:

A) Women tend to tolerate lower wages.
B) Women do not want high-paying jobs because they require too many hours away from home.
C) Many positions held by women are valued less than the positions typically held by men.
D) None of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Features of a job that comparable worth assessments may take into account do not include:

A) Turnover rates
B) Workplace responsibilities
C) Mental and physical stress
D) Extent of training needed
True/False

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The majority of women with children under the age of six have a paying job.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In recent decades, the male-female wage gap has neither increased nor decreased.

Question 5

People in the inner cities may be at a disadvantage when finding a job in other parts of the city and its suburbs because:

A) It may be difficult to get to job sites due to a lack of public transportation services.
B) Work outside the city is unappealing to them.
C) They do not get along with people outside the city.
D) Suburban jobs usually require higher levels of skill.

Question 6

A human-capital approach to explaining gender-based job segregation suggests that women tend to choose jobs that allow them to balance work and family responsibilities.

Question 7

The unemployment rate for women is currently greater than the rate for men.

Question 8

Which statement about unemployment rates today is correct

A) Women have higher unemployment rates than men.
B) The unemployment rate for men and women is about the same.
C) Latino men have higher rates of unemployment than African American men
D) Asian American men have lower rates of unemployment than white men.

Question 9

Unlike race-based discrimination, discrimination based on gender has never been legal.

Question 10

Throughout their history, labor unions have exhibited less discriminatory behavior than employers

Question 11

The demand for employees with "soft skills" is about the same as it was a generation ago.

Question 12

African American women with college degrees typically earn more than white working women with the same credentials.

Question 13

Using seniority as a basis for promotion appeals to managers because:

A) It has the potential to reduce turnover rates.
B) It recognizes a worker's contributions to the success of the company.
C) It rewards workers who have chosen to work long hours and undesirable shifts.
D) It decreases the pool of workers from which managers must choose from.

Question 14

Promotion based upon merit appeals to workers' sense of

A) Need
B) The value of loyalty
C) Fairness
D) Inherent worth

Question 15

One of the reasons that the average earnings of men are greater than those of women is that on average men work more hours per year.

Question 16

Kanter uses the term homosocial reproduction to describe managers who seek to reduce uncertainty by hiring and promoting workers who:

A) Most closely resemble themselves
B) Fit in well with the company
C) Have had previous experience in the same type of work
D) Remind them of former employees

Question 17

An example of an application of affirmative action is:

A) Expanding the ability of women and minorities to have a fair chance of applying for jobs and educational opportunities.
B) Posting job openings that specifically encourage applications by women and minority group members.
C) Creating educational and training programs that will help women and minorities develop essential skills.
D) All of the above

Question 18

According to the _____________ perspective, men and women's jobs generally reflect innate skills, abilities and preferences.

A) Evolutionary
B) Essentialist
C) Psychological
D) Biological

Question 19

White men constitute a minority of the labor force.

Question 20

A "soft" skill that may affect an employer's hiring practices include:

A) Technical capabilities
B) Use of standard English
C) Dressing according to the latest fashions
D) Knowledge gained through formal education

Question 21

The essence of affirmative action programs is the use of quotas when making hiring and promotion decisions.

Question 22

Promotion on the basis of merit is a tool that employers can use to motivate employees to go above and beyond minimal requirements for job performance.

Question 23

How might educational requirements perpetuate discrimination within the labor market?

Question 24

What have been the consequences of the "hollowing out" of the economic base of many cities for minority groups?

Question 25

What are the principles underlying the use of comparable worth policies? What difficulties might be encountered in implementing these policies

Question 26

What occurs when a job which was once dominated by men becomes dominated by women? Give an example.

Question 27

Can exclusionary practices by employers be unintentional? Explain.

Question 28

What is the link between remuneration and one's life cycle? Provide a gendered analysis of this correlation.

Question 29

What are some possible explanations of the disparity in wages among different race/class/gender groups?

Question 30

What does Kanter mean by "homosocial reproduction" within organizations? How does this practice limit the opportunities of women and people of color?

Question 31

Describe gender-based segregation within the labor market. Offer two theoretical explanations as to the cause of this situation.

Question 32

What is problematic with associating promotion with merit? What problems are encountered when using seniority as the basis for promotion?

Question 33

Comparable worth legislation aims to determine a wage or salary based upon assessments that take into account the key features of a job such as workplace responsibilities and the amount of prior training needed.

Question 34

Promotions tied to seniority have the advantage of being based on an unambiguous criterion,