Deck 20: Native Americas and Oceania

Question 1

The Maya erected stelae with _____ in the city of Copán's great plaza.

A) ​records of their battles
B) an image of the hummingbird god​
C) sacrificed enemies​
D) portraits of their rulers​

Answer 1

portraits of their rulers​

Question 2

The Aztec image of Coyolxauhqui from the Great Temple portrays _____.

A) ​a ruler's mistress
B) ​the disembodied body of the moon goddess
C) ​a serpent
D) ​the hummingbird god

Answer 2

​the disembodied body of the moon goddess

Question 3

The site where Olmec people gathered for religious rituals was _____.

A) ​Tenochtitláan
B) Chichén Itzá​
C) La Venta​
D) Bonampak​

Answer 3

La Venta​

Question 4

The pyramid form found at La Venta may have been chosen because of its visual association with _____ held sacred by the people.

A) ​the king's headdress
B) the sun​
C) Egyptian architecture​
D) a mountain​

Question 5

The _____ wrapped their dead in layers of fabric with embroidered designs.

A) ​Olmecs
B) Toltecs​
C) Paracas​
D) Nasca​

Question 6

The arrival of the _____ in central Mexico coincided with the fall of the Classic civilizations.

A) ​Hopi
B) Olmecs​
C) Paracas​
D) Toltec​

Question 7

How was the city of Tenochtitlán laid out?

A) ​A spiral
B) Temples aligned with the sun and moon​
C) Around the Avenue of the Dead​
D) A grid divided into quarters​

Question 8

The center of the Preclassic city at Teotihuacán is _____.

A) ​the Pyramid of the Sun
B) a colossal Olmec head​
C) a stele with a ruler portrait​
D) a ball court​

Question 9

The _____ created immense earth drawings.

A) ​Maya
B) Inka​
C) Nasca​
D) Aztecs​

Question 10

_____ describes the practice of the Aztecs and other Mesoamerican peoples of nesting earlier walls within later structures.

A) ​Superimposition
B) Recycling​
C) Kivas​
D) Pueblo​

Question 11

_____ celebrates the important role of elite women.

A) ​Goddess, wall painting from the Tetitla apartment complex,
B) Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc​
C) ​Stele D portraying Ruler 13
D) Coyolzauhqui​

Question 12

_____ are representations of fallen warriors that held receptacles for sacrificial offerings.

A) ​Moches
B) Paracas​
C) Chacmool​
D) Katsinas​

Question 13

The _____ engaged in human sacrifice on a greater scale than any other Mesoamerican people.

A) ​Toltecs
B) Olmecs​
C) Aztecs​
D) Nascas​

Question 14

_____ were common features of Mesoamerican cities.

A) ​Ball courts
B) Latrines​
C) Earthen mounds​
D) Canals​

Question 15

What term is used for the present-day region of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and the Pacific coast of El Salvador?

A) ​Oceania
B) Mesoamerica​
C) Preclassic​
D) Andean​

Question 16

The Toltec colossal _____ at Tula were meant to ward off hostile forces.

A) ​atlantids
B) colossal heads​
C) chacmool​
D) pyramids​

Question 17

Nasca earth drawings seem to be related to _____.

A) ​the movement of the sun
B) their various deities​
C) planting crops​
D) water supply and irrigation​

Question 18

_____ was one of the first Mayan sites excavated.

A) ​Tenochtitlán
B) La Venta​
C) Copán​
D) Chichén Itzá​

Question 19

The ______ were the only ancient American society to create a systematic written history.

A) ​Olmec peoples
B) Maya​
C) ancestral Puebloans​
D) Nascas​

Question 20

The _____ were the most renowned of the indigenous people of the Western hemisphere before 1300.

A) Maya​
B) ancestral Puebloans​
C) Nascas​
D) Olmecs​

Question 21

_____ one of the most pervasive art forms found throughout Oceania.

A) ​Masks are
B) Body decoration is​
C) Earth drawings are​
D) Bark painting is​

Question 22

The Woodland Adena culture of Ohio buried their elite with _____.

A) ​shields
B) funerary cloths​
C) pipes​
D) beads​

Question 23

_____ are the colossal sculptures found Easter Island in Polynesia.

A) ​Moai
B) Kwakwaka'wakw​
C) Dreamings​
D) Katsina​

Question 24

______ were the spiritual centers of ritual and civic life for the ancestral Puebloans.

A) ​Forests
B) effigy mounds​
C) Kivas​
D) ​Palaces

Question 25

_____ are common subjects of Aboriginal art.

A) ​Dreamings
B) Deities​
C) Landscapes​
D) Animals​

Question 26

The _____ is an important motif in Mississippian art because of its association with earth and fertility of crops.

A) ​serpent
B) ​rain god
C) ​hummingbird
D) ​moon god

Question 27

Which of the following has been proposed as the identity of the giant Olmec heads?

A) ​Priests of the Feathered-Serpent
B) Deities​
C) Maya overlords​
D) Tulers​

Question 28

Miisissipian effigy mounds usually housed _____.

A) ​gold
B) weapons​
C) pottery​
D) burials​

Question 29

At the time of the Spanish conquest, the _____ had the largest population in the world.

A) ​Inka
B) Nasca​
C) Moche​
D) Adena​

Question 30

Murals found in the prehistoric pueblos of the Southwest most often depicted which of the following?

A) ​Warriors and conquest
B) Royal court ceremonies​
C) Coming-of-age ceremonies​
D) Spirits associated with agricultural fertility​

Question 31

What circumstantial details are included in the Mayan murals of Bonampak?

Question 32

Polynesians developed the art of _____ more fully than any other Oceanic peoples.

A) ​bark paintings
B) cloaks​
C) tattoo​
D) atlantids​

Question 33

The _____ were the dominant culture of the American southwest before the Europeans.

A) ​Mississippians
B) Ancestral Puebloans​
C) Andeans​
D) Hopi​

Question 34

The Inka used _____ to maintain highly accurate records of their inventories and possessions.

A) ​kiva
B) khipu​
C) chacmool​
D) atlantids​

Question 35

Why did most Plains people focus their artistic attention on clothing and other portable objects?

A) ​Because they wanted to sell their goods to travelers
B) Because they believed monumental sculpture was a waste of resources​
C) Because they were nomadic​
D) because they wanted to wear symbols of their religious beliefs at all times​

Question 36

The Northwest tribe _____ wore masks in healing rituals and performances.

A) ​Andeans
B) Kuaua Pueblos​
C) Hopi Katsinas​
D) Kwakwaka'wakw​

Question 37

What is remarkable about the stones used in the construction of the Temple of the Sun, Cuzco, Peru?

A) ​They are the first instance of the use of mortar to hold the blocks together.
B) They were brought in from hundreds of miles away for reasons unknown.​
C) There is no mortar used yet they are a perfect fit.​
D) They are each marked with a symbol of an Incan deity.​

Question 38

_____ are created for the Oceanic malanggan festival.

A) ​Feather cloaks
B) Tatanua masks​
C) Katsinas​
D) Rarotonga​

Question 39

Reflecting their nomadic lifestyle, a popular Aboriginal art form _____.

A) ​is pukao
B) is mataatua​
C) are cloaks​
D) are bark paintings​

Question 40

When can humans join the Katsina world?

A) ​When males attain their majority
B) When females marry​
C) When either a male or a female makes a pilgrimage to the Sangre de Cristo mountains​
D) After death​

Question 41

How did the Inka tailor their architecture to the landscape?

Question 42

Who is portrayed, and what was his or her significance?

Question 43

Describe the construction of the Preclassic pyramids at Teotihuacán.

Question 44

What aspects of cosmology are included in the architecture? How does it reference the sun?

Question 45

What advantages did the site at Cliff Palace offer the ancestral Puebloans?

Question 46

What is the Aboriginal concept of Dreamings?

Question 47

Describe the components of the Great Temple at Tenochtitlán.

Question 48

What recent information about the Maya has come forward?

Question 49

Why were tattoos significant in Polynesian culture?

Question 50

What suggests that the colossal Olmec heads at La Venta portray rulers rather than gods?

Question 51

Who is the main figure, and how is that figure portrayed? What symbolic elements are present?

Question 52

What do surviving descriptions tell us about the organization of Cuzco?

Question 53

Describe the Maori approach to tattooing the face.

Question 54

Describe the ball court of the Maya.

Question 55

Describe the Oceanic concept of Malanggan.

Question 56

What aspects of Aztec civilization did the Europeans admire and despise?

Question 57

What myth is portrayed, and what message does this convey?

Question 58

What do the Rapa Nui moai possibly represent, and what was their function?

Question 59

How is the architectural history of Mesoamerica divided?

Question 60

What was a result of the collapse of the Classic cities?

Question 61

Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions, using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Suggested images, not in the text:

Question 62

The rulers of these ancient civilizations asserted themselves through the monuments that they built and their images. Providing examples, identify the images that conveyed the power of the ruler.

Question 63

Compare and contrast Tula and Chichén Itzá. How does each site respond to the needs of its respective groups? What are their similarities, and how does each site function within its society? What outside influences might account for the similarities between them?

Question 64

What was the function of the building, and how does the decoration support this function?

Question 65

What do the motifs represent?

Question 66

Compare and contrast the Olmec colossal head and the Mississippian Serpent Mound. How does each represent its respective area? What visual elements are used to define the creating cultures? How do they each express visually the essence of their creating cultures?

Question 67

How do the material and technique reflect the importance of the wearer?

Question 68

Contrast the empires of the Aztecs and the Inka. Consider the purpose and function of each. How did they use art and architecture to define themselves? Use examples to support your argument.

Question 69

What is the debate over the meaning of this?

Question 70

Evaluate the development of Aztec art forms. How did the Aztec use their art forms to define them? Consider the political and social implications. Use examples to support your .

Question 71

What meaning does the imagery convey?

Question 72

Evaluate monumental architecture and the role it played in Mesoamerican cultures. Include the religious as well as the political significance of the architecture. Use examples to support your .

Question 73

Several of the cultures discussed in this chapter adopted distinctive art forms. Providing examples, describe the purpose of these distinctive art forms for their respective cultures.

Question 74

What do the various motifs symbolize?

Question 75

Contrast Coatlicue with the katsina of the Hopi. What visual elements help define each work? How does each work define its creating culture? Consider the functionality of the objects and their respective environments.

Question 76

How does this reflect the tastes and tradition of the people that the artist represented?

Question 77

Several of the ancient cultures created monuments and images in honor of their deities. Providing examples, describe how these objects function in the context of the culture that created them.

Question 78

Which figures are represented, and what is their meaning?

Question 79

Evaluate the use of art to indicate social status in Mayan society. Use examples to support your .