Deck 5: Attitudes: Evaluating and Responding to the Social World

Question 1

One basic form of learning that helps to form our attitudes occurs when a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to cause reactions that were originally caused by another stimulus.This type of learning is known as .

A)the Premark principle
B)observational learning
C)operant conditioning
D)classical conditioning
E)signal relations learning

Answer 1

classical conditioning

Question 2

Susan expresses indignation about illegal immigrants to one group of friends,but advocates for amnesty to another group.This is possible for her because .

A)Susan,in her own mind,believes these views are not necessarily inconsistent
B)Susan has no substantive attitude towards illegal immigrants
C)she is rewarded in one group for the former attitude,rewarded for the latter in the other group
D)Susan measures low on self-monitoring,a stable trait
E)members of the two groups never talk to each other

Answer 2

members of the two groups never talk to each other

Question 3

Initial evaluation of a stimulus generally refers to .

A)an explicit self-conscious process
B)an inferential thought process
C)a tendency to avoid a close examination of stimulus detail
D)a reaction of liking or disliking
E)the employment of several possible attitudes

Answer 3

a reaction of liking or disliking

Question 4

Once an attitude has been formed,it may be .

A)impossible to change
B)very easy to change
C)very difficult to change
D)simple to change
E)difficult or easy to change,depending

Question 5

Subliminal conditioning .

A)cannot occur
B)is rarely used in deception experiments
C)means something other than what the participant thinks
D)occurs below the threshold of conscious awareness of its content
E)is a type of instrumental conditioning

Question 6

Assume you have a negative stereotype of fraternity/sorority members as "stuck-up." Given an IAT with photos labeled "fraternity member" or "independent," and paired with the word "bad" or "good," your responses to the "fraternity member"/"bad" combination would likely be than to "independent"/"bad" combinations.

A)slower
B)forced
C)quicker

Question 7

By reinforcing children with smiles,hugs,or attention when they repeat things they've heard their parents say,parents are using to shape their childrens' attitudes.

A)instrumental conditioning
B)observational learning
C)positive regard
D)the zone of proximal development
E)classical conditioning

Question 8

An involuntary negative reaction to a member of a stigmatized group,is more likely to be the result of an attitude.

A)explicit
B)implicit
C)uncontrollable

Question 9

Classical conditioning suggests that people can learn to .

A)dislike stimuli to which they are initially neutral
B)dislike stimuli which gives them some sort of punishment
C)form evaluations only in the presence of others
D)prefer stimuli only after careful evaluation
E)form evaluations through spontaneous experiences

Question 10

Subliminal conditioning is .

A)instrumental conditioning that occurs with awareness of the stimuli that are used
B)observational learning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are use
C)zone of proximal development learning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used
D)instrumental conditioning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used
E)classical conditioning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used

Question 11

The type of learning that is based on association of two or more stimuli is called .

A)social learning
B)instrumental conditioning
C)positive learning
D)classical conditioning
E)association learning

Question 12

A form of social learning that occurs when responses to a particular stimulus lead to positive outcomes or allow the person to avoid negative outcomes is called .

A)the zone of proximal development
B)instrumental conditioning
C)classical conditioning
D)social outcomes learning
E)observational learning

Question 13

Classical condition and instrumental conditioning are examples of processes of attitude formation.

A)subliminal conditioning
B)behavioristic
C)social learning
D)social comparison
E)standard-shifting

Question 14

According to the process of instrumental conditioning,behavior will be displayed often by an individual if .

A)it is reinforced
B)the individual sees a role model perform the action
C)it is ignored
D)is preceded by a pleasant subliminal stimulus
E)it is preceded by a pleasant stimulus

Question 15

Goal orientation,a stable personal trait,can play a role in determining what sorts of persuasive messages will more effectively give rise to the desired behavior?

A)internally- or externally-focused
B)prevention- or promotion-focused
C)long-term- or short-term-focused
D)agency- or empathy-focused
E)Persuaders do not use their perception of targets' goal orientation in their crafting of persuasive messages.

Question 16

Attitudes influence .

A)social thought and behavior
B)neither social thought nor social behavior
C)social thought only
D)antisocial thought only
E)social behavior only

Question 17

Attitudes are .

A)the mechanism we use to reduce dissonance
B)the mechanism we can use to protect ourselves from unwanted views of ourselves
C)the process by which we adjust or adapt our behavior to particular circumstances
D)our evaluations of different aspects of the social world
E)our evaluations of ourselves

Question 18

Our tendency to evaluate stimuli as negative or positive occurs we attempt to understand the meaning of the stimuli; this suggests that attitudes reflect an)stage of social thought.

A)before; early
B)before; late
C)after; late
D)both before and after; both early and late
E)after; early

Question 19

If,as Arkes and Tetlock have speculated,Jesse Jackson were to "fail" an IAT that asks about his attitudes toward African Americans,it is because .

A)he endorses negative stereotypes toward African Americans,but is nevertheless slower to respond to pairings of "African American" and "good" than to African American and bad)
B)although he does not endorse negative stereotypes of African Americans in the culture,he is nevertheless slower to respond to pairings of "African American" and "bad" than to African American and good)
C)in attempting to fake his score,he may inadvertently show negative attitudes toward African Americans
D)although he does not endorse negative stereotypes of African Americans in the culture,he has good knowledge of those stereotypes
E)stereotype threat may cause his anxiety in taking the test to result in faster responses to positive- word/African American pairings than to negative-word/African American pairings)

Question 20

Marshall wants to pledge Theta Phi fraternity.He may well publicly,believing active member decision-makers will hear of his views.He is,in private, to express those same views.

A)badmouth other prospective pledges; quite likely
B)badmouth other fraternities; unlikely
C)compliment other fraternities; quite likely
D)compliment other prospective pledges; quite likely
E)compliment popular sororities; very likely

Question 21

Attitudes may be relatively stable or variable.A likely source of a change in the expression of an attitude is .

A)psychodynamic factors in the attitude-holder
B)the background of the holder of the attitude
C)the situation in which the attitude may or may not be expressed
D)length of time the attitude has been held
E)the nature of the attitude object

Question 22

When we mistakenly believe that others' attitudes are different from our own,we are exhibiting .

A)attitude discordance
B)Stockholm syndrome
C)pluralistic ignorance

Question 23

LaPiere's research with the Chinese couple pointed out the .

A)difficulty of studying actual behaviors during travel
B)concordance between actual attitudes and reported conditions
C)strong agreement between reported attitudes and actual behavior
D)difficulty of predicting actual behavior from reported attitudes
E)consistent prejudice against Chinese visitors

Question 24

Having not met any members of a new social group,you hear a person expressing negative views of that group.Your attitude toward the new group would not be likely influenced by hearing this negative message if .

A)you like the person expressing the view,but believe his or her view to be unsubstantiated
B)you do not expect to be meeting any members of the new social group in the near future
C)the person expressing the attitude is someone you dislike and see as dissimilar to yourself
D)you are generally oriented toward taking contrarian views
E)you see the person expressing the message as subtly similar to members of the new social group

Question 25

In La Piere's classic study,a young Chinese couple traveled across the U.S.A.and reported being treated courteously at virtually every restaurant and hotel.A follow-up survey asking for attitudes toward Chinese travelers found that .

A)the level of service was highly correlated with the attitudes expressed on the survey
B)the ethnicity of other travelers was highly influential in determining survey responses from managers of hotels and restaurants
C)social norms generally accounted for the positive attitudes expressed on the survey
D)most restaurant and hotel managers responded that they would refuse service to Chinese travelers
E)the researchers had mistakenly surveyed only establishments the couple had not visited

Question 26

Overall,the relationship between attitudes and behavior is .

A)based on personality attributes
B)reliable,with some exceptions
C)almost non-existent

Question 27

The mechanism by which we compare ourselves to other people to determine whether or not our perception of social reality is correct is known as .

A)reality checking
B)impression manifestation
C)social comparison

Question 28

Whistle-blowers generally "blow the whistle" on corporate misbehavior because of what three attributes?

A)Their attitude is strong and vengeful,and their holder want to go public with it.
B)Their attitude is extreme,certain,and derives from personal experience.
C)Most whistle-blowing incidents stem from personal disagreements between management and the whistleblower.
D)Their attitude is extreme and long-held,and combined with a fearless personality.
E)Their attitude is risk-seeking,dynamic,and ruthless.

Question 29

Marcus felt clearer about his attitude regarding a school policy after meeting with other students about it.The change came about because .

A)others' arguments about the policy seemed quite strong
B)others were able to explain the policy to him
C)he realized how the students at the meeting were dissimilar to him
D)during the meeting,the school seemed ambivalent toward its own policy
E)he was able to repeatedly express his own attitude about the policy

Question 30

Joe,a middle manager at a small company,strongly identifies with the higher-ups at his job.Regarding various political statements by them,it is safe to say that Joe .

A)recently agreed with them on a political matter
B)expects to agree with them on a political matter
C)did not agree with them on a political matter
D)Both A and B
E)Both B and C

Question 31

Simone feels somewhat ambivalent about premarital sex.However,most of her friends seem to be unambiguously in favor of sexual activity before marriage.As a result,in a recent group discussion in her health class,Simone expressed fairly strong opinions in favor of premarital sex,and was avoided voicing her real concerns about the topic.Simone's actions are most likely due to .

A)pluralistic ignorance
B)attitude discordance
C)impression motivation

Question 32

Juan feels unsure about the correctness of his attitude about a new rule at his job.He may feel more correct in his attitude if .

A)he simply lets management do its job
B)he thinks more generally about the costs and benefits of his job
C)he finds out that most of his coworkers share his attitude
D)a management person helps him see the wisdom of the new rule
E)co-workers confront him regarding his attitude

Question 33

An attitude is more likely to influence a person's behavior if .

A)an important group the individual identifies with is opposed to the behavior supported by the attitude
B)the object of the attitude is relatively trivial or unimportant to the individual
C)the behavior supported by the attitude is particularly dramatic or drastic
D)the individual has had no prior personal experiences with the object of the attitude
E)the object of the attitude has important consequences for the individual

Question 34

If we form an attitude by watching television,this is called learning.

A)acquired
B)observational
C)comparison

Question 35

People tend to prefer situations that allow them to .

A)confront behaviors that are inconsistent with their attitudes
B)carefully consider all alternatives
C)maintain a match between their attitudes and behavior
D)display discrepancies between their attitudes and behavior
E)confront issues inconsistent with their attitudes

Question 36

Research suggests that the certainty of an attitude derives from .

A)a combination of extremity and clarity
B)a tension between extremity and the need to follow norms
C)a combination of trait stubbornness and perceptions of correctness
D)a combination of clarity and perceptions of correctness
E)an over simple clarity generally negatively correlated with actual correctness

Question 37

We hold values similar to,and identify with, .

A)members of our reference groups)
B)members of our age group
C)people who dress similar to ourselves
D)people with similar tastes in homes/cars
E)We base our choices strictly on individuating cues.

Question 38

Which of the following examples BEST illustrates a situation where there is a gap between our attitudes and behavior?

A)Greg tells his father that he plans to do his homework,but fails to do so when the power goes out minutes later.
B)Roz tells her new boyfriend that she is extremely excited to see the new James Bond movie,even though she truly dreads seeing that film.
C)Hank wants to move to a new apartment but doesn't have enough money for the move.
D)Marilyn tells her son that she will purchase him some chocolate chip cookies,but her son is dissatisfied with her choice.
E)Peter tells his friend that his favorite baseball team is the New York Yankees,even though he attended only a few games last season.

Question 39

In an experiment,males and females were shown a snack labeled "men's favorite" or "women's favorite." The snack labeled as preferred by their own gender was liked better by high-gender-identified participants more so than by participants who were low-gender-identified.This showed that .

A)people who identify more with their gender like snacks more than people who don't
B)males/females respectively are more generally drawn to snacks labeled as being preferred by their gender than to snacks not so labeled
C)low-gender-identified people will shy away from gender-linked products in general compared to high- gender-identified people
D)unlike high-gender-identified people,low-gender-identified people will likely exhibit little preference for snacks that are labeled as preferred by their gender
E)high-gender-identified people prefer snacks they believe are also preferred by members of their own gender,compared to snacks not so labeled

Question 40

Female participants were asked to think about either their friends or their older relatives.Later,when exposed to sexual stimuli in a "separate study," participants who had thought about their friends reacted to the stimuli than participants who thought about their older relatives.This illustrates that
Can influence one's attitude.

A)more negatively; stereotypes about "horny" older people
B)more negatively; knowledge about friends' sexual prowess
C)more negatively; making one more aware of one's physical shortcomings
D)more positively; thinking about a potential audience for the expression of an attitude
E)about the same; thoughts of friends or family,in reducing one's interest in sex,

Question 41

According to the theory of planned behavior,our behavioral intentions are determined in part by our perceptions of whether others will approve or disapprove of the behavior,our perceptions of our ability to perform the behavior,and .

A)our attitudes toward a particular behavior
B)others' perceptions of our motivation for engaging in the particular behavior
C)others' perceptions of whether we have the ability to perform the behavior adequately
D)our perceptions of whether the behavior will be instrumental in achieving our stated objectives
E)our perceptions of whether the behavior is considered appropriate for our situation

Question 42

Messages that provide a preliminary announcement that the message is intended to change our opinion are .

A)as effective as those that do not forewarn us of this attempt
B)less effective than those that do not forewarn us of this attempt
C)more effective if the content is humorous,less effective otherwise
D)more effective than those that do not forewarn us of this attempt
E)less effective if the content is humorous,more effective otherwise

Question 43

Fazio's attitude-to-behavior process model suggests that an event may activate an attitude and ,which both influence our behavior.

A)knowledge of social norms
B)rational thought processes
C)situational constraints on our behavior

Question 44

To increase the effectiveness of a message,the communicator source)should be credible and .

A)ambiguous
B)attractive
C)intelligent

Question 45

Jacque is driving,thinking about ways to get in shape.Someone cuts him off in traffic,so he gets angry and calls the driver a name.He later goes to the gym to start an exercise program.Research by is more likely to explain his angry behavior,while 's research better explains Jacque's behavior toward the exercise program.

A)Festinger; Fishbein and Ajzen
B)Fazio; Fishbein and Ajzen
C)Chaiken; Festinger

Question 46

The first step we take in making a decision about pursuing a particular behavior is ,according to the theory of planned behavior.

A)to consider various conflicting attitudes we may hold
B)to consider the subjective norms that may be relevant
C)to consider various behavioral options
D)to consider whether the behavior is within our abilities
E)to consider whether important others are engaging in the planned behavior

Question 47

According to the theory of planned behavior,our behavioral intentions are partially determined by our attitudes toward a particular behavior,our perceptions of our ability to perform the behavior,and .

A)others' perceptions of our motivation for engaging in the particular behavior
B)others' perceptions of whether we have the ability to perform the behavior adequately
C)our perceptions of whether the behavior is considered appropriate for our situation
D)our perceptions of whether the behavior will be instrumental in achieving our stated objectives
E)our perceptions of whether others will approve or disapprove of the behavior

Question 48

Suppose a breaking news story has occurred involving an incident of terrorism.A certain news station invites a well-respected terrorism scholar to discuss the event.His views will likely be persuasive because he will be seen as .

A)credible
B)one-sided
C)pluralistic

Question 49

An anti-smoking advertisement that features photographs of diseased lungs,people using oxygen tanks to offset the effects of lung disease,and funerals,but does not include information about quitting smoking,is likely to be ineffective because .

A)it will probably induce too much fear
B)it will probably induce a desire to smoke more among some people
C)it will probably trivialize the consequences of smoking
D)it will probably create cognitive dissonance in viewers
E)it will probably violate our social norms

Question 50

Messages that arouse moderate levels of fear are effective at changing behavior if .

A)they include specific information about the source of the fear
B)they also modify or suppress the third person effect
C)they are followed by messages that arouse stronger levels of fear
D)they include specific information about steps we can take to reduce the fear
E)they activate the self-esteem function of attitudes

Question 51

Wendy,Greta,Tom,and Bill have all made New Year's resolutions to lose weight.Based on the information below,which of them is MOST likely to lose weight?

A)Greta,who intends to dramatically reduce her fat intake and tells others that she is greatly committed to her diet.
B)Bill,who feels that it is important to cut back his calorie intake but is unsure of whether he will need to increase his exercise.
C)Wendy,who appreciates the importance of regular exercise but says that it is difficult to find the time to do so.
D)Tom,who wants to lose weight but tells others that he really doesn't understand why people make such a fuss over diet and exercise.
E)None of these will lose weight.

Question 52

Attitudes formed on the basis of direct personal experience with the object are generally .

A)more likely to have a weak effect on behavior
B)more likely to have a strong effect on behavior
C)less likely to have a strong effect on behavior
D)unlikely to have a permanent effect on behavior
E)less likely to have any effect on behavior

Question 53

According to the theory of planned behavior,our behavioral intentions are determined in part by our perceptions of whether others will approve or disapprove of the behavior,our attitudes toward a particular behavior,and .

A)our perceptions of whether the behavior is considered appropriate for our situation
B)others' perceptions of our motivation for engaging in the particular behavior
C)our perceptions of whether the behavior will be instrumental in achieving our stated objectives
D)our perceptions of our ability to perform the behavior
E)others' perceptions of whether we have the ability to perform the behavior adequately

Question 54

In what health context might positive messages be much better than fear-inducing messages for effecting behavior change?

A)when health officials want to get children to see the school nurse
B)when males are worried about painful examinations or tests
C)when the message's health concern is not serious and does not involve a prescription
D)when the message's health concern is very serious or fatal
E)when the source is actually a physician

Question 55

Messages that arouse strong levels of fear are .

A)ineffective at stimulating the third person effect
B)effective at changing behavior
C)effective at stimulating the third person effect
D)ineffective at changing behavior
E)counterproductive when immediate action is needed

Question 56

The source of a message influences its effectiveness.To increase the effectiveness of a message,the communicator should be attractive and .

A)intelligent
B)credible
C)short

Question 57

A CEO of a mid-western company gave a press briefing,and espoused some fairly restrictive regulations aimed to reduce carbon emissions and water pollution.His excellent credibility was probably due to the fact that .

A)many people in the area work for him
B)he is CEO of a chemical company
C)TV is an excellent means by which to express one's attitude
D)he is highly certain of his views
E)most viewers had not been forewarned about his message

Question 58

Fishbein and Azjen's theory of planned behavior suggests that the choice of whether or not to engage in a specific behavior is determined .

A)irrationally
B)by observing others
C)rationally

Question 59

A message intended to reduce cheating among high school students is more likely to be effective if it is delivered by .

A)an elderly teacher
B)an attractive and popular student
C)a local politician

Question 60

The earliest research involving persuasion,by Hovland and others,focused on what three key elements?

A)credibility; syntax; audience
B)overt message; subliminal message; audience
C)source; message; audience

Question 61

One reason that distractions may increase the persuasiveness of a message is because distractions .

A)prevent heuristic processing from occurring
B)enhance the appearance of humility in the person delivering the message
C)enhance the apparent intelligence level of the person delivering the message
D)prevent systematic processing of the message content
E)enhance systematic processing of the message content

Question 62

Experimenters gave people strong arguments to persuade them away from a belief.Some were given coffee,others a placebo.Some were given a high distraction,others a low one.In terms of attitude change,results showed that .

A)high distraction showed no difference between the effects of coffee and placebo conditions
B)low distraction resulted in no difference between the effects of coffee and placebo conditions
C)high and low distraction conditions produced about the same effect overall
D)low distraction produced a higher effect in the coffee compared to placebo condition
E)the coffee condition generally produced a greater focus on peripheral aspects of the message

Question 63

In a study,people who were at risk for serious illness,but did not see themselves as such compared to those who accurately saw themselves as at risk)were persuaded to be tested because the persuasive message was framed in terms of .

A)gains to be had rather than losses to be suffered
B)being the first step in getting on a program of regular testing
C)quicker but more-expensive procedures rather than waiting for tests
D)better detailed explanations of the risks of not being tested given by attractive "doctors"
E)demonstrating to others who felt they were at risk that there was nothing to worry about

Question 64

A campaign manager has advised the candidate he represents to make sure there is a "spontaneous" demonstration of support for him during the candidate's next major speech.Given that the candidate relies on his audience's peripheral processing of his emotion-laden persuasive messages,the demonstration is useful because .

A)the distraction will allow the candidate to pose for the cameras while pausing in the speech
B)the demonstration might create a "bandwagon effect"
C)distractions can increase the persuasiveness of a speech
D)such demonstrations are an expected part of the political process
E)the distraction will allow the candidate to address his opposition directly

Question 65

Emma is trying to convince her professor that he gave her an unfair grade.She continues to pester him for several days,as her arguments become ever more extreme.Ultimately,the professor tells Emma,"I will not change your grade; moreover,you should be thankful for the grade you received!" Emma's professor likely resisted changing her grade because .

A)he perceived her as attempting to gain an unfair advantage relative to her classmates
B)he saw her as being atypically confrontive and irritating relative to her classmates
C)he became convinced she cared nothing for the class,but only cared about her image
D)he felt strongly that he was being pushed to do something he didn't want to do,rather than being asked
E)he found it impossible to admit to himself that he simply didn't like Emma

Question 66

The heuristic-systematic model of persuasion suggests that .

A)we engage in less effortful processing when we have relatively more knowledge about the message's topic
B)we engage in less effortful processing when we lack ability or capacity for more careful processing
C)we engage in less effortful processing when our attitudes and behaviors do not agree with each other
D)we engage in more effortful processing when we are particularly concerned by the topic of the message
E)we engage in more effortful processing when our attitudes and behaviors do not agree with each other

Question 67

Being forewarned of the persuasive intent of a message will frequently help people to resist the effects of the message.This is because .

A)forewarning allows us a greater opportunity to create counterarguments
B)forewarning activates heuristic processes
C)forewarning increases cognitive dissonance
D)forewarning decreases the likelihood of reactance
E)forewarning allows us to "tune out" the message completely

Question 68

According to the elaboration-likelihood and the heuristic-systematic models of persuasion,the two key factors that will determine whether we engage in effortful or effortless processing of information are one's .

A)capacity to process information and level of motivation
B)desire to arrive at the best decision and personality characteristics
C)level of motivation and concern for pleasing others
D)general belief in oneself and concern for pleasing others
E)level of physical attractiveness and general intellect

Question 69

People techniques they use in order to resist attempts to persuade them.

A)are aware of the
B)are not aware of the
C)don't let others know about the
D)believe they are more resistant to persuasion attempts because of the
E)Resistance techniques to persuasion generally don't work.

Question 70

People can become more resistant to attitudinal changes if they are first presented with opposing views and .

A)counterarguments to the opposing views
B)counterarguments to the currently held views
C)factual information without any emotional appeals
D)arguments that support the opposing views
E)emotional appeals to remain strong in their beliefs

Question 71

Tony disagrees with a certain political commercial.When the commercial comes on,he immediately switches the television channel.This is an example of .

A)formulating counterarguments
B)attitude polarization
C)selective avoidance

Question 72

Counterarguments against a persuasive message are most likely to .

A)increase the effectiveness of the message
B)enhance the knowledge function of attitudes
C)decrease the effectiveness of the message
D)defeat the knowledge function of attitudes
E)lead one to re-examine the basis for the counterarguments

Question 73

When heuristic processing is involved,the degree of persuasion .

A)has no detectable effect on our behavior
B)is not increased by strong arguments in the message
C)is increased by large numbers of arguments in the message
D)is increased by strong arguments in the message
E)is unaffected by personal characteristics of the communicator

Question 74

In the study involving the effects of caffeine and distraction on the effectiveness of persuasive messages,researchers found that relevant to the arguments about the attitude object in the condition because .

A)the number of thoughts; increased; caffeine; attentional focus was higher on the arguments
B)number of thoughts; decreased; caffeine; participants focus was jangled by the effects of the caffeine
C)the level of resistance; increased; placebo; participants thought more about counterarguments
D)the number of peripheral cues; increased; caffeine; participants were distracted by them
E)the number of thoughts; increased; placebo; participants could concentrate in a relaxed way on the arguments

Question 75

Selective avoidance is .

A)our tendency to pay particular attention to information that challenges our attitudes
B)our tendency to direct our attention away from information that requires effortful processing
C)our tendency to direct our attention away from information that supports our attitudes
D)our tendency to direct our attention away from speakers who exhibit undesirable physical characteristics
E)our tendency to direct our attention away from information that challenges our attitudes

Question 76

The central route to persuasion involves .

A)careful consideration of the ideas contained by a message
B)rules of thumb and mental shortcuts to making a decision about the message
C)voluntary suspension of disbelief
D)specific aspects of the communicator
E)emotional reactance

Question 77

Jason has been listening to a talk show concerning animal rights.This is an issue that he cares deeply about and he is very knowledgeable about the topic.Jason is most likely to be persuaded by .

A)strong,convincing arguments
B)any message delivered by an attractive and competent speaker
C)emotional appeals
D)irrational arguments delivered by an attractive and competent speaker
E)any message that challenges his knowledge

Question 78

An advertising company has been hired by the Centers for Disease Control to produce TV commercials to increase awareness of breast cancer in males.Advertising executives are considering three different commercials.The first features film of actual patients who describe the pain they experienced from the disease.The second focuses on medical doctors discussing early detection strategies and treatment options.The third shows grieving family members surrounding a grave.Which is likely to be more effective at changing men's behavior?

A)the first,focusing on actual patients and their negative outcomes
B)the second,focusing on specific information that will reduce fear
C)the third,focusing on the ultimate outcome of ignoring the potential problem
D)None of these will be effective.
E)All of these will be equally effective.

Question 79

The fact that we tend to pay particular attention to information that supports our attitudes and to direct our attention away from information that is contrary to our attitudes is known as .

A)selective exposure
B)subliminal conditioning
C)reactance

Question 80

Tina,who favors the death penalty,hears two different,though persuasive,messages: one favoring the death penalty and one against it.Tina will likely report oppositional than supportive)thoughts about the counterattitudinal message the message arguing against her attitude),and supportive than oppositional)thoughts about the proattitudinal message the message in line with her attitude).Because of this experience,she will be able to resist counterattitudinal persuasion in the future on this topic.

A)more; more; better
B)fewer; fewer; better
C)more; fewer; not as