Deck 6: Experiential Therapies

Question 1

For Perls,the word "gestalt" refers to:

A)pressing needs.
B)the process of fulfilling our end-goals.
C)bodily awareness.
D)responsible completion of our social roles.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

For Perls,the primary psychological function of a phony character is to:

A)defend against maya.
B)help us avoid living according to our ideals.
C)protect us from our pressing needs.
D)shield us from our personal polarities.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

For Perls,in the mature individual,the social roles we adopt are:

A)a means-whereby we fulfill our end-goals.
B)equivalent to our end-goals.
C)a means-whereby we repress our organismic needs.
D)the basis for self-awareness.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Perls initially considered his Gestalt therapy to be a revision of _____________ therapy.

A)psychoanalytic
B)cognitive
C)humanistic
D)existential

Question 5

In the Gestalt theory of personality,end-goals are:

A)derived from our social roles.
B)the means-whereby we earn a living.
C)based on our interactions with the environment.
D)based on our biological needs.

Question 6

According to Perls' theory of personality,a child's catastrophic expectations are:

A)expressions of self-support and independent behavior.
B)the result of projected fears of the consequences of independence.
C)related to memories of how one's parents responded to one's infantile needs.
D)the process of organismic needs emerging into awareness.

Question 7

In Gestalt theory,the fantasy life we construct between our real selves and the real world is called:

A)an impasse.
B)the pseudosocial self.
C)the phobic layer.
D)maya.

Question 8

Angus has experienced the most common interference in his failure to mature.According to Gestalt theory,which of the following has occurred?

A)He has had a fear of the consequences over being independent.
B)He has been spoiled by his parents who overindulged him as a child.
C)He has refused to adjust to social expectations.
D)He has refused to play roles.

Question 9

All the experiential therapies have their deepest roots in which of the following therapy traditions?

A)Psychoanalytic
B)Cognitive
C)Humanistic
D)Eclectic

Question 10

A Gestalt therapist would interpret a client's transference as:

A)the client's fantasy.
B)introjection.
C)resistance.
D)an indication of progress.

Question 11

Perls' theory of personality suggests that development of a fixed social character is:

A)part of mature fulfillment of our organismic needs.
B)the means-whereby we meet our social obligations.
C)pseudosocial existence.
D)awareness of our natural existence.

Question 12

Bonita has moved to a new city where she doesn't know anyone.According to Gestalt therapy,she is likely experiencing:

A)the impasse level of psychopathology.
B)the phobic level of psychopathology.
C)the phony level of psychopathology.
D)the implosive level of psychopathology.

Question 13

A healthy adult,according to Gestalt therapy,is LEAST likely to:

A)not care about him or herself.
B)shed responsibility for others.
C)have thoughts in situations that are uniquely his own.
D)adjust to society.

Question 14

Perls defined impasse as:

A)the state of being stuck in the maturation process.
B)the experience of frustration with our pressing biological needs.
C)the movement from social support to self-support.
D)the catastrophic expectations of others.

Question 15

A client begins reacting to his therapist as if he was his father.A Gestalt therapist would most likely respond by:

A)ignoring it.
B)raising the client's awareness of how transferences have affected his past and current relationships.
C)making sure the client understands that the therapist is not his father.
D)challenge the client to live a more integrated style of life.

Question 16

In Perls' theory of personality,what motivates human beings to rely on their own resources and achieve a kind of self-responsibility?

A)Catastrophic expectations
B)Fear of repercussions for being independent
C)Frustration
D)Ongoing parental support

Question 17

Mombutu lives in a third world country.Perls would say that which of the following are based on Mombutu's biological needs?

A)Mombutu's daily goals
B)Mombutu's end-goals
C)Mombutu's frustrations
D)Mombutu's social roles

Question 18

John is at an impasse.According to Gestalt theory,which of the following most likely occurred?

A)His parents demanded he stand without support before his muscles and balance were adequately developed.
B)His parents provided too much environmental support before he developed inner support.
C)His parents were convinced they knew what was best for him in all situations.
D)His parents developed catastrophic expectations of John.

Question 19

For the Gestalt therapist,responsibility means:

A)practicing how we can act out our social roles.
B)a willingness to say "I am I" and "I am what I am."
C)learning how to effectively control our social environment.
D)being involved in the lives of others.

Question 20

In Perls' theory of psychopathology,the layer or level of psychopathology that entails experiencing the deadness of parts of ourselves that have been disowned is:

A)the impasse.
B)the phobic.
C)the implosive.
D)the phony.

Question 21

Which of the following statements would most likely be characteristic of a gestalt view of consciousness raising?

A)Both the client and the therapist must remain in the here and now.
B)The therapist acts as a surrogate information processor.
C)The therapist attempts to hook the adult of the client into playing a central role in the analysis of ego states.
D)The therapist conducts a lifestyle analysis.

Question 22

Of the therapies listed below,which would most likely say that in helping clients achieve catharsis,the therapist must be effective in using spontaneous humor?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Emotional flooding therapies
C)Gestalt therapy
D)Person-centered therapy

Question 23

Regarding intimacy and sexuality,which of these therapies would most likely emphasize being in touch with our bodies and getting back to our senses?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Emotional flooding therapies
C)Gestalt therapy
D)Person-centered therapy

Question 24

Jeffrey would have loved to chew out his father,but instead continuously berated himself.If this is a characteristic pattern,then according to Gestalt theory he is most likely:

A)a deflector.
B)an introjector.
C)a projector.
D)a retroflector.

Question 25

Of the therapies listed below,which would most likely say that accepting responsibility for one's life is a critical part of being a healthy person?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Emotional flooding therapies
C)Gestalt therapy
D)Person-centered therapy

Question 26

The primary therapeutic process of Gestalt therapy is:

A)the relationship.
B)consciousness raising.
C)catharsis.
D)acceptance of reality.

Question 27

Which of the following therapies would most likely say that a shaky sense of self-esteem results from remaining immature and dependent?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Emotional flooding therapies
C)Gestalt therapy
D)Person-centered therapy

Question 28

Rita's actions are constantly off-target.If this is a characteristic pattern,then according to Gestalt she is most likely:

A)a deflector.
B)an introjector.
C)a projector.
D)a retroflector.

Question 29

Dusty,a Gestalt therapist,is helping her patient become liberated from her maya.She is likely doing which of the following?

A)Demonstrating unconditional regard
B)Frustrating her client
C)Showing her client the whole picture
D)Supporting her patient

Question 30

Which of the following would Perls NOT accept from Rogerian therapy?

A)A genuine encounter between therapist and client
B)Clients being less mature than the therapist
C)Unconditional positive regard for the patient
D)A focus on feelings

Question 31

For the Gestalt therapist,consciousness raising is primarily directed at:

A)helping clients understand how their parents created impasses.
B)helping clients own their projection of rejection.
C)helping clients talk about what is entering their awareness.
D)helping clients break out of the phony,fantasy layer of existence.

Question 32

The emphasis in Gestalt therapy on awareness,self-support,and responsibility magnifies the role of the individual qua individual,separate and distinct from other people,often with little attention to important ongoing relationships and cultural systems.This criticism would be leveled by:

A)cognitive therapy.
B)contextual therapy.
C)humanistic therapy.
D)integrative therapy.

Question 33

Gestalt therapy is most likely conducted in which of the following formats?

A)Couples therapy
B)Crisis intervention
C)Family therapy
D)Individual therapy

Question 34

Of the therapies listed below,which would most likely say that the therapist's foremost responsibility is to frustrate the patient?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Emotional flooding therapies
C)Gestalt therapy
D)Person-centered therapy

Question 35

Which of the following gestalt exercises comes closest to the therapist practicing straight interpretation of what the patient has said?

A)"May I feed you a sentence?"
B)Playing the projection
C)Rehearsals
D)Reversals

Question 36

Jennifer is having a cathartic dream experience.Her Gestalt therapist is most likely to suggest that she do which of the following?

A)Act out her dream
B)Talk about her dream
C)Write down her dream
D)None of the above

Question 37

That Gestalt therapy overvalues the body at the expense of the mind is a criticism LEAST likely to be leveled by:

A)cognitive therapy.
B)humanistic therapy.
C)integrative therapy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 38

Regarding catharsis,a client in gestalt therapy would most likely be characterized by which of the following statements?

A)Catharsis is not a part of gestalt therapy.
B)Their task is to make their bodies available for therapeutic intervention.
C)They discuss problems as coming from outside themselves.
D)They probably participate in dream work.

Question 39

Dreams are used in Gestalt therapy because:

A)they are the royal road to the unconscious.
B)they allow the person to think about the here-and-now.
C)they provide the content for understanding impasses.
D)they are the least phony part of one's personality.

Question 40

With respect to anxiety and defenses,gestalt therapy would most likely say that anxiety:

A)keeps the patient from having to take action and move ahead into the future.
B)is the gap between the here and now,and the here and there.
C)is not the cause of problems,but rather a troubling result of a divided life.
D)is the threat that comes from breaking rules that have been internalized.

Question 41

At this point in time,the most researched and influential experiential therapy is:

A)Gestalt therapy.
B)emotion-focused therapy.
C)sensate-focusing therapy.
D)present-centered therapy.

Question 42

According to gestalt therapy,communication would be represented by all of the following statements EXCEPT:

A)communication is just a part of social role playing.
B)problems with communication are fundamentally problems with cooperation.
C)we should communicate as much as possible in the imperative form.
D)we should own our statements by talking mainly in "I" language.

Question 43

A criticism that the gestalt approach is certainly dangerous with patients who are barely able to hold onto their sanity,let alone able to be mature,self-supporting,whole human beings would be leveled by:

A)cognitive therapy.
B)contextual therapy.
C)person-centered therapy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 44

The emotion-focused therapist role might best be conceptualized as a:

A)safety cue.
B)solution-focused guide.
C)process consultant.
D)emotion regulator.

Question 45

Which of the following therapies would most likely say that hostility problems are boundary problems?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Emotional flooding therapies
C)Gestalt therapy
D)Person-centered therapy

Question 46

Is there any evidence that humans can live in secure societies if social expectations are rejected as significant consequences for helping direct human behavior? This criticism of gestalt therapy would be leveled by:

A)behavioral therapy.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)person-centered therapy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 47

Gendlin's method of helping clients to turn their attention inward to their bodies,label their feelings,and recognize their felt meanings is known as the:

A)acceptance method.
B)Gestalt method.
C)process-experiential method.
D)focusing method.

Question 48

For experiential therapists,the central axis of change is:

A)therapeutic experiencing.
B)evocative unfolding.
C)circular learning.
D)understanding old and rigid "ways of being."

Question 49

According to gestalt therapy,the therapeutic relationship is part of:

A)both the content and the process of therapy.
B)neither the content nor the process of therapy.
C)the content of therapy but not the process of therapy.
D)the process of therapy,but not the content of therapy.

Question 50

Process diagnosis is fundamental to the Gestalt therapist's work and involves:

A)the use of the empty-chair dialogue.
B)playing the projection and reversals.
C)being attuned to particular types of emotional markers in clients.
D)feeding the client a sentence and other games of dialogue.

Question 51

Which of the following therapies would most likely say that real feelings should be expressed in action (i.e.,dancing to express joy,or weeping to express sorrow)?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Emotional flooding therapies
C)Gestalt therapy
D)Person-centered therapy

Question 52

The most recent considerations of the Gestalt therapy relationship have highlighted Perls' concept of authentic contact,by which is meant:

A)the genuine confrontation and frustration of client defenses.
B)use of unconditional positive regard.
C)the creation of "safe emergencies" that support catharsis.
D)sensitive attunement to differences between the existences of client and therapist.

Question 53

Emotion-focused therapy for couples consists of each of the following stages EXCEPT:

A)review and formulation of attachment-relationship history.
B)restructuring of problematic interactions.
C)consolidating/integration.
D)de-escalation of negative styles.

Question 54

That Gestalt therapy is a reverse dualism that overvalues the body at the expense of the mind is a criticism leveled by:

A)contextual therapies.
B)humanistic therapy.
C)behavioral therapies.
D)integrative therapies.

Question 55

The defining and primary focus of experiential therapies is therapeutic experiencing of a client's:

A)relationships.
B)phobic behaviors.
C)emotions.
D)thoughts and memories.

Question 56

Which of the following statements would most likely be characteristic of a gestalt view of the ideal individual?

A)Ideal patients accept that in spite of all their manipulations to the contrary,they have the inner strength to stand on their own and be themselves.
B)The ideal client is a scientist.
C)The ideal for the good life is found in a fully functioning,organismically trusting person.
D)The ideal goal for therapy is the ideal individual.

Question 57

Greenberg's emotion-focused therapy combines elements of:

A)interpersonal and Gestalt therapy .
B)Gestalt and existential therapy.
C)experiential and Gestalt therapy.
D)Gestalt and person-centered therapy.

Question 58

With respect to control,gestalt therapy would most likely say that:

A)control is a problem when individuals impose their conditions of worth on others.
B)individuals act out on an interpersonal level their intrapersonal pathology in which there is a constant struggle for control between Top Dog and Under Dog.
C)pathological personalities are frequently preoccupied with dominating others.
D)to control another is to objectify that person.

Question 59

Gestalt therapy would most likely say which of the following about adjustment versus transcendence?

A)Healthy people are committed to helping society transcend its current functioning in order to become a more perfect social system.
B)Once a person is in the process of becoming more congruent,there is no inherent conflict between being an actualizer and being part of society.
C)Therapy is clearly one of transcendence such that alienation is the condition of the mature,fully aware person as long as society remains insane.
D)There is no way to transcend the restraints,injustices,limitations and frustrations of society,trying will inevitably make one emotionally upset.

Question 60

Regarding impulse control,which of the therapies indicated would most likely say that the completion,not control,of organismic impulses is what helps create an individual?

A)Emotional flooding therapies
B)Gestalt therapy
C)Person-centered therapy
D)Psychoanalysis

Question 61

Which of the following statements about emotion-focused couple therapy's evidence base is FALSE?

A)Emotion focused couple therapy is a well-researched treatment for distressed couples.
B)Emotion focused couple therapy has demonstrated good outcomes in 10 to 12 sessions.
C)Emotion focused couple therapy is generally more effective than other forms of couples treatment.
D)Emotion focused couples therapy is clearly more effective than no treatment and control treatments.

Question 62

One study cited by the text authors showed that when researcher allegiance is statistically controlled for:

A)cognitive-behavioral therapies show less good outcomes than process-experiential therapies.
B)outcome differences between experiential and other therapies are maximized.
C)experiential therapies are found to be as effective as alternative therapies.
D)differences in outcome between experiential therapies and humanistic therapies increase,but decrease when compared to cognitive-behavioral therapies.

Question 63

In a series of studies by Beutler and his colleagues that compared the efficacy of Gestalt-based group therapy with cognitive or supportive/self-directed group therapies,they found that:

A)the three treatments differed with cognitive better than Gestalt therapy and both better than supportive/self-directed group therapy.
B)there were no differences between their effectiveness in any respect.
C)depressed patients did better in cognitive therapy,while non-depressed patients did better in Gestalt and supportive/self-directed therapies.
D)directive Gestalt-based therapies were a better match for low-resistant,internalizing clients,while self-directed therapies were more effective with highly resistant patients.

Question 64

In Greenberg's emotion-focused therapy,the technique most frequently used to resolve conflict between two opposing aspects of the self is:

A)evocative unfolding.
B)two-chair work.
C)empty-chair dialogues.
D)playing the projection.

Question 65

Recent meta-analysis of experiential therapies compared to alternative therapies has shown that experiential therapies are:

A)slightly less effective.
B)not as effective once researcher allegiance is accounted for.
C)slightly more effective.
D)equally effective after investigator allegiance is accounted for.

Question 66

The primary goals of emotion-focused (or process-experiential)therapy are:

A)to restructure current and past interpersonal relationships.
B)to alter the negative thoughts that create maladaptive feelings.
C)to change emotional self-organization and regulation.
D)to understand old emotional responses and memories.

Question 67

Relative to most other major systems of psychotherapy,Gestalt and experiential therapies:

A)emphasize the potential for positive growth over psychopathology.
B)emphasize specific therapeutic techniques over the therapeutic relationship.
C)have been the focus of more research studies.
D)in the past decade,have attracted more contemporary proponents of their theory.

Question 68

Experiential therapists view psychopathology as emerging from:

A)interpersonal problems.
B)negative thoughts.
C)inner conflicts.
D)maladaptive emotional processes.

Question 69

The small amount of outcome research that has been conducted on Gestalt therapy has shown that it is:

A)equivalent to active placebo therapies.
B)superior to most alternative therapies to which it has been compared.
C)superior to wait-list,no-treatment controls and equivalent to other therapies.
D)superior to no-treatment controls and tends to be less effective than other therapies.

Question 70

The allegiance effect in psychotherapy research refers to:

A)the impact of a researcher's therapy preference on therapy outcome.
B)the impact of the therapeutic relationship on the client over and above specific techniques.
C)beyond diagnosis and symptoms,the belief the client has in the therapy approach.
D)the extent to which a therapist likes a client as a person regardless of symptoms or problems.

Question 71

For the emotion-focused therapist,change in self-organization is the central goal of therapy.This consists of each of the following EXCEPT:

A)transformation of emotion memory.
B)modifying negative interpersonal interactions.
C)increased use of emotion.
D)enhanced affect regulation.

Question 72

Greenberg conceptualizes the emotion-focused therapist as a(n):

A)artistic director of a play that provides directive interventions.
B)parent-figure on whom a client projects their feelings.
C)mirror of feelings.
D)emotion coach.

Question 73

Emotion-focused therapy combines which two key therapeutic processes?

A)Consciousness-raising and catharsis
B)Consciousness-raising and choosing
C)Choosing and self-liberation
D)Catharsis and choosing

Question 74

Research on Gestalt therapy has only been sufficiently researched in which group?

A)Children
B)Adolescents
C)Adults
D)Older adults

Question 75

Greenberg's emotion-focused therapy might best be regarded as:

A)a new therapy that has considerable empirical support.
B)a traditional but more systematic Gestalt therapy.
C)a related but alternative therapy to Gestalt therapy with a number of advantages.
D)a humanistic therapy that uses a few traditional Gestalt techniques.

Question 76

Emotion-focused therapists believe that its curative aspects are:

A)the therapeutic relationship.
B)specific change processes such as two-chair work or empty-chair dialogues.
C)both A and B.
D)deeper experiencing.

Question 77

In a clinical trial to treat depression conducted by Watson and colleagues (2003)and comparing EFT and CBT,the researchers found after 16 sessions that:

A)both therapies produced comparable outcomes.
B)EFT was superior to CBT at termination.
C)CBT was superior to EFT at termination,but not at 1-year follow-up.
D)most outcomes were equivalent for the two therapies,but there was a greater reduction in interpersonal problems for those receiving EFT.

Question 78

Emotion-focused couples therapy differentially emphasizes which two client capacities?

A)Attachment bond and adaptive interpersonal relatedness
B)Interpersonal relatedness and recognizing unfinished business
C)Emotions and recognition of splits
D)Attachment bond and emotions

Question 79

Experiential therapists like Greenberg focus on emotion in their therapy because:

A)feelings are a major source of distress.
B)feelings are the organizing force in people's lives.
C)most clients need to learn how to manage their feelings more healthily.
D)feelings symbolize what is most human in each of us.

Question 80

Research studies of emotion-focused therapy have indicated that:

A)it is consistently good compared to no-treatment or waitlist controls.
B)it compares favorably to alternative treatments.
C)is more effective than person-centered therapy and equal to cognitive-behavior therapy for treatment of depression.
D)all of the above.