Deck 10: Cognitive Therapies

Question 1

According to Ellis,the crucial element(s)in Jim's case would be:

A)Jim being regularly told as a child that he was stupid.
B)Jim breaking with his fiancé.
C)Jim's interpretation of his break-up.
D)the emotional consequences of Jim's break-up.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to REBT,psychological problems are ________ in their origin

A)interpersonal
B)intrapersonal
C)individuo-social
D)societal

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In REBT,one of the safest ways to get clients to become aware of some of their foolishness is to use:

A)confrontations.
B)humor.
C)refutations.
D)therapist self-disclosure.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Although REBT is discussed in the text chapter on cognitive therapies,it also includes a strong behavioral component.For example,an REBT therapist will at times establish a contract with a client who is failing to complete his/her homework assignments.This behavioral strategy is an example of:

A)contingency management.
B)counterconditioning.
C)stimulus control.
D)refutation and de-awfulizing.

Question 5

At its core,Ellis' rational-emotive theory of personality is said to be almost as easy as ABC,in which ABC represents:

A)Activating events of life,rational and/or irrational Beliefs,and emotional and behavioral Consequences.
B)Activating events of life,irrational Beliefs,and emotional and behavioral Consequences.
C)Activating events of life,rational Beliefs,and emotional and behavioral Consequences.
D)Antecedent events,Behavioral responses,and external and situational Consequences.

Question 6

A REBT view of the therapeutic relationship would include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)being empathic.
B)being genuine and open .
C)demonstrating warmth to the patient.
D)showing unconditional acceptance.

Question 7

An REBT therapist is most likely to begin therapy by:

A)nurturing a positive therapeutic alliance with the client.
B)examining the client's childhood history for the roots of demanding thinking.
C)focusing on the client's irrational and demanding thinking.
D)support the client in proving his/her worth as a human being.

Question 8

Which of the following would Ellis LEAST likely employ in helping Jim?

A)Have Jim express how depressed he feels about not being loved again.
B)Have Jim listen to and criticize tapes of their therapy sessions.
C)Have Jim read well-reasoned books.
D)Have Jim take turns in teaching others in rational-emotive behavior groups.

Question 9

A rational-emotive view of the therapeutic relationship would include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)being empathic.
B)being genuine and open.
C)demonstrating warmth to the patient.
D)showing unconditional acceptance.

Question 10

Ellis's notion of unconditional self-acceptance (USA)refers to:

A)an irrational belief since it fails to acknowledge our flawed individuality.
B)an underlying source of neurotic disorders.
C)a precondition for becoming an REBT therapist.
D)a logical and justifiable attitude that frees us to enjoy our lives.

Question 11

Which of the statements below best describes what the B in REBT represents?

A)Behavioral strategies used as a last resort and only when disputing irrational beliefs is ineffective.
B)Using behavioral interventions to help clients relax.
C)Behavioral strategies are utilized but downplayed in REBT because they lead to clients focusing too much on the consequences of their behavior.
D)Behavioral interventions,particularly counterconditioning,are openly and actively integrated in REBT.

Question 12

The REBT notion that there are virtually no legitimate reasons for rational people to make themselves neurotic,hysterical,or emotionally disturbed is very similar to which school of philosophy (that emphasized the control of life through reason)?

A)Existential
B)Constructivist
C)Rationalism
D)Stoicism

Question 13

Ellis eventually elaborated his REBT model to add the letters D and E to ABC,wherein D stands for __________ and E refers to____________.

A)Dysfunctional attitudes; Excessive emotional reaction
B)Disputing irrational beliefs; Effective new philosophy
C)Distressing consequences; Existential perspective
D)Distinguishing rational from irrational beliefs; Emotion regulation

Question 14

The REBT therapeutic process is most focused on:

A)understanding how activating events achieved the impact that they have.
B)appreciating that distressing consequences are the natural and direct result of experiences.
C)identifying and disputing irrational beliefs and replacing them with more rational beliefs.
D)emotional catharsis related to activating events and unpleasant consequences.

Question 15

Ellis distinguished between two forms of REBT,in part to clarify their relationship to cognitive-behavior therapy.As reported in the text,from Ellis' perspective,which of the following statements is true?

A)Specialized REBT is most like cognitive-behavior therapy.
B)General REBT is most like cognitive-behavior therapy.
C)REBT and CBT both always make use of psychoeducational techniques.
D)CBT promotes a more esoteric change in personal philosophy,while REBT is practically focused on reducing distress and associated symptoms.

Question 16

In the preceding paragraph,which of the following would be considered consequences in REBT?

A)Jim breaking up with his fiancé
B)Thomas not getting into graduate school
C)Thomas being displeased
D)All of the above

Question 17

A particular therapist often directly challenges client statements such as "I must complete my assignment perfectly in order to feel worthwhile," and "Everyone must love and approve of me." This therapist's approach is most consistent with the principles of which of the following systems of psychotherapy?

A)Rational-emotive behavior therapy
B)Gestalt therapy
C)Person-centered therapy
D)Adlerian therapy

Question 18

According to REBT,the most common defense mechanism is:

A)projection.
B)rationalization.
C)regression.
D)repression.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the irrational beliefs and dysfunctional attitudes that make up people's self-disturbing philosophies?

A)Include rigid demands.
B)Give rise to overgeneralized attributions.
C)Promote long-term hedonism.
D)Confuse preferences and imperatives.

Question 20

According to Ellis,the reason(s)that Thomas displayed an emotionally healthy outlook was because:

A)he experienced benign activating events as a child.
B)he experienced benign consequences as a child.
C)he approached his rejection logically.
D)both B and C.

Question 21

Beck's assumption that underlying cognitions vary specifically with the behavioral disorder is called:

A)automatic thoughts.
B)basic rules.
C)cognitive triad.
D)content specificity.

Question 22

Beck's cognitive therapy was initially developed specifically for the treatment of:

A)phobias and other anxiety disorders.
B)impulse control disorders.
C)head injured adults.
D)depression.

Question 23

The statement "I'll never be able to succeed in school" is an example of:

A)overgeneralizing.
B)selective abstraction.
C)self-references.
D)dichotomous thinking.

Question 24

In Beck's cognitive therapy having the patient learn to deal with upsetting thoughts objectively and reevaluating them rather than automatically accepting them is called:

A)refutation.
B)automatic thoughts.
C)disattribution technique.
D)distancing.

Question 25

The statement "This is hopeless.There's nothing good that I can take out of this" is an example of:

A)overgeneralizing.
B)selective abstraction.
C)excessive responsibility.
D)dichotomous thinking.

Question 26

That REBT replaces the irrational demands of a primitive and parental superego with demands from an authoritative therapist is a criticism most likely to be leveled by:

A)behavioral therapies.
B)contextual therapies.
C)integrative therapies.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 27

The statement "Now everyone knows that I'm a total screw-up; my teachers,my parents,my friends,and they're probably saying,'I knew she'd never make anything of herself'" is an example of:

A)overgeneralizing.
B)selective abstraction.
C)self-references.
D)dichotomous thinking.

Question 28

REBT makes the same irrational mistake that is characteristic of many clients and many true believers -- overgeneralization.This criticism of REBT would be leveled by:

A)behavioral therapies.
B)contextual therapies.
C)integrative therapies.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 29

After many attempts at completing his REBT homework assignment of participating more in class discussions,Tyler complained that it was just too hard,and that he wasn't sure that he wanted to try any longer.An REBT therapist would most likely respond by doing each of the following EXCEPT:

A)challenge Tyler's expectation that therapy should be easy.
B)re-examine Tyler's embarrassing ninth grade experiences in public speaking.
C)genuinely empathize with Tyler that changing behavior is very hard.
D)re-confront Tyler with one of REBT's central rules to "push your ass" (PYA).

Question 30

The first goal of Beck's cognitive therapy with Jake would be to:

A)refute his belief that he will never become social worker.
B)confront his feeling upset.
C)reduce his symptomatic insomnia.
D)both B and C.

Question 31

A cognitive therapist asks a patient to say what he assumes would happen if his worst case scenario actually happened.The patient says,"If I fail this test,I'll never get into graduate school." The next step in decatastrophizing would be to help the patient: 1 imagine not getting into graduate school paired with relaxation.
2 use more effective all-or-none thinking.
C)recognize the gross exaggeration of this idea.
D)use thought suppression to ignore such thoughts.

Question 32

Which of the following therapies would most likely say that,with respect to consciousness raising,the patient becomes aware of important irrational beliefs that they cannot defend logically or empirically?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Culture-sensitive therapies
D)Systemic therapies

Question 33

In treating a client for depression,a cognitive therapist is most likely to:

A)help her develop a daily program of positive reinforcements.
B)ask her to keep a diary of all her pleasant and unpleasant experiences over a two week period.
C)ask her to monitor her thoughts,particularly those that are self-negating.
D)interpret her depressive symptoms in light of faulty defense mechanisms.

Question 34

In order to achieve this first goal of cognitive therapy with Jake,the therapist would most likely use:

A)contingency management.
B)counterconditioning.
C)distancing.
D)feedback.

Question 35

In structuring Jake's cognitive therapy,Beck would ordinarily limit therapy to:

A)8 sessions.
B)16 sessions.
C)20 sessions.
D)30 sessions.

Question 36

Beck's cognitive triad for depression includes cognitive errors in the areas of: 1 past,present,and future.
2 self,others,and therapist.
C)self,world,and future.
D)body,intelligence,and social skills.
The following three questions refer to the following paragraph.
Jake is feeling so upset that he is having trouble sleeping.He believes that he is stupid as a result of having done poorly on his recent statistics exam and that he should drop out of school because he will never be able to be a social worker.

Question 37

Beck differs from Ellis in that:

A)Beck is not concerned with a client's psychosocial history.
B)Beck emphasizes emotional experiencing as the basis for beliefs while Ellis emphasizes rationality exclusively.
C)Beck is interested in a client's developmental history to understand current patterns of behavior.
D)Beck is most concerned with automatic thoughts in the context of important relationships.

Question 38

The text authors suggest that each of the following is a commonality shared by Ellis' and Beck's cognitive therapy systems EXCEPT:

A)a recognition that maladaptive cognitions are the primary source of psychological distress.
B)a forceful,debating therapist style.
C)a directive,problem-oriented approach to treatment.
D)a view of homework as an essential feature of treatment.

Question 39

The statement "All I can think about is my breakup with girlfriend.What else is there to my life?" is an example of:

A)dichotomous thinking.
B)selective abstraction.
C)overgeneralizing.
D)self-referencing.

Question 40

What data supports the central assumption that behavior disorders are primarily a function of a person's beliefs about antecedent events rather than a function of the events themselves? This criticism of cognitive therapies would be leveled by:

A)behavioral therapies.
B)contextual therapies.
C)integrative therapies.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 41

With respect to defenses,REBT would most likely say that:

A)clients use a range of distorting perceptions that process experiences in a manner slanted in favor of maintaining the person's self-concept.
B)defense mechanisms are examples of our irrational propensities.
C)defense mechanisms keep forbidden desires from being expressed.
D)defenses protect against aversive inferiority feelings.

Question 42

From a behavioral perspective,Beck's cognitive therapy would most likely be criticized for:

A)being too concerned about developing a therapeutic alliance.
B)overemphasizing the impact of the current environment on a person's thinking.
C)emphasizing a person's beliefs about antecedent events as the cause of distress.
D)failing to produce well-controlled empirical studies to test the effectiveness of CT.

Question 43

Which of the following statements would be LEAST consistent with the degree to which controlled research attests to cognitive therapies efficacy?

A)Cognitive therapy is particularly valuable with internalizing coping styles and low resistance patients.
B)Cognitive therapy's superiority for depression,according to Dobson's (1989)meta-analysis,was largely the result of investigator allegiance.
C)Cognitive therapy's treatment for eating disorders has therapeutic effects showing good maintenance over time.
D)Cognitive therapy's treatment for panic disorder shows generally higher completion rates and panic-free follow-up than does relaxation training and supportive psychotherapy.

Question 44

Which of the therapies listed would most likely posit that,with respect to rules for living,individuals possess too powerful propensities to follow irrational beliefs for there not to be rules?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Culture-sensitive therapies
D)Systemic therapies

Question 45

According to REBT,the issue of control would most likely be characterized by which of the following statements?

A)Attempting to control another is psychologically the most violent thing we can do to another.
B)Central to the issue of control is the issue of power.
C)Issues of control,both intrapersonal control of hostility and interpersonal control of social rewards,rest on establishing a balance.
D)The most effective countercontrol method is to dispute the irrational demands of others by asserting one's own rationality.

Question 46

Of the following therapies,which would be most inclined to say that the ideal person is a scientist?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Culture-sensitive therapies
D)Systemic therapies

Question 47

The research on the efficacy of cognitive therapies suggests all of the following EXCEPT:

A)that it is clearly superior to waiting lists.
B)that it is clearly superior to placebo.
C)that it shows good maintenance over time.
D)that they are superior to other forms of therapy.

Question 48

Regarding defenses,which of the following therapies would most likely posit that defense mechanisms are examples of our irrational propensities?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Culture-sensitive therapies
D)Systemic therapies

Question 49

Which of the following would be LEAST consistent with a REBT therapist's role in consciousness raising?

A)The therapist need not be obsessive about the timing of their interpretations.
B)The therapist refutes contradictions between client's beliefs and actions.
C)The therapist uses didactic and feedback techniques.
D)The therapist uses interpretations to connect current complaints to past events.

Question 50

Which of the following has NOT been substantiated by meta-analytic studies of cognitive therapy?

A)CT is superior to no treatment and placebo treatments for depression.
B)CT is much less effective than behavioral exposure therapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)CT is at least as effective as other psychotherapies for depression.
D)CT is comparable to medication treatments of anxiety disorders in the short run,but outperforms medication treatments over the long run.

Question 51

The therapeutic technique of disattribution involves:

A)helping clients to think of themselves in preferred,as-if ways.
B)experimenting with dichotomous thinking.
C)accepting automatic thoughts as part of who we are instead of fighting with them.
D)gently challenging clients not to automatically connect negative events with who they are as people.

Question 52

Regarding meaning in life,which of the following therapies would most likely say that the only absolutes are those we create?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Culture-sensitive therapies
D)Systemic therapies

Question 53

According to REBT,anxiety:

A)is the gap between the now and then,the here and there.
B)is not the cause of problems,but rather a troubling result of living a divided life.
C)is removed by effectively disputing inappropriate use of labels or childish demands.
D)serves the purpose of keeping the client from having to take action and move ahead into the future.

Question 54

Regarding intimacy and sexuality,which of the following therapies would most likely ask where is the evidence that love and sex must go together?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Culture-sensitive therapies
D)Systemic therapies

Question 55

Which of the following statements is probably FALSE regarding the ideal therapeutic relationship in REBT?

A)Negative feelings are attacked,not encouraged.
B)It is practically the polar opposite of Rogerian therapy.
C)The therapist does not provide unconditional acceptance.
D)The therapist is genuine and open.

Question 56

Beck's cognitive restructuring intended to modify the thinking process emerges out of each of the following kinds of questions EXCEPT:

A)How did you learn to think like that?
B)What's the evidence?
C)What's another way of looking at it?
D)So what if it happens?

Question 57

Distancing is a therapeutic method intended to:

A)amplify the emotional connections to certain beliefs.
B)a process of self-monitoring and thought charting.
C)help clients re-evaluate their problematic thoughts more objectively.
D)disabuse clients of their automatic and problematic beliefs.

Question 58

According to REBT,communication would most likely be represented by which of the following?

A)Clients must stop thinking only of themselves and their needs.
B)Most communication problems are actually thinking problems.
C)Problems with communication are fundamentally problems with cooperation.
D)Patients speak to their internalized image of what the other is supposed to be.

Question 59

Which of the following is probably FALSE regarding the future direction of cognitive therapies?

A)Cognitive therapy's commitment to psychotherapy integration will lessen.
B)Cognitive therapies have achieved most of their success with neurotic disorders.
C)Cognitive therapies will remain committed to empirical evaluation.
D)Cognitive therapies will push into mass media and self-help formats.

Question 60

REBT's view of meaning in life is most likely represented by which the following statements?

A)Individuals recognize there are pains in life but refuse to make unfortunate events any more unpleasant.
B)The issue is not to discover meaning in life but rather to create meaning out of our lives.
C)The meaning of life should not be dictated by the desires of others,but rather from the desires within the self.
D)There is no one correct way to live life; the purpose must emanate from within,not from the dictates of society.

Question 61

Cognitive restructuring is often promoted by the following questions EXCEPT:

A)What's another way of looking at it?
B)What do you do that makes you feel better/good?
C)So what if it happens?
D)What's the evidence?

Question 62

A 29-year-old female in a distressed and emotionally distant marriage presents for therapy complaining of chronic depression.In recounting aspects of her early history,it is obvious that she has felt emotionally empty for a long time and struggles with longstanding unmet needs due to parental disconnection and rejection.A schema focused therapist would most likely first attempt to:

A)arouse original maladaptive emotional schemas.
B)activate adaptive emotion schemes.
C)dispute original maladaptive emotional schemas.
D)maintain low levels of experiencing.

Question 63

The originator of schema focused therapy is:

A)Aaron Beck.
B)Albert Ellis.
C)John Weisz.
D)Jeffrey Young.

Question 64

Limited reparenting in schema focused therapy is primarily organized around:

A)collaborative empiricism.
B)establishment of secure attachment through the therapist.
C)disattribution techniques.
D)cognitive restructuring.

Question 65

The most actively researched system of psychotherapy over the past decade has been:

A)interpersonal psychotherapies.
B)Beck's cognitive and other cognitive-behavioral therapies.
C)acceptance and commitment therapy.
D)multicultural therapies.

Question 66

One adaptation of cognitive therapy for people with personality disorders is:

A)limited reparenting therapy.
B)cognitive-analytic therapy.
C)schema focused therapy.
D)cognitive processing therapy.

Question 67

In addition to standard cognitive therapy,schema focused psychotherapy emphasizes which of the following?

A)Limited reparenting
B)Mindfulness/acceptance
C)Collaborative empiricism
D)Shame-attacking exercises

Question 68

The notion of limited reparenting is associated with which of the following?

A)Psychodynamic therapy
B)Cognitive-analytic therapy
C)Cognitive processing therapy
D)Schema focused therapy

Question 69

In a specific meta-analysis of REBT studies of children and adolescents,REBT had its most pronounced effect for youth with:

A)disruptive behavior and conduct disorders.
B)anxiety disorders like specific and social phobias.
C)depressive disorders.
D)obsessive compulsive disorder.

Question 70

Some reasons put forth to explain the declining difference in outcome effects between cognitive and noncognitive therapies include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)limited training of those conducting cognitive therapy.
B)reduced influence of effects related to investigator allegiance.
C)dilution of the therapy's power as it was disseminated beyond those in pioneering groups.
D)improved methodological rigor of contemporary research studies.

Question 71

Meta-analytic studies of REBT have consistently documented that:

A)REBT produces superior results when compared to other behavioral and cognitive therapies.
B)REBT shows strong results when compared to control groups,but less favorable results when compared to other forms of behavioral or cognitive therapy.
C)REBT is superior to control and no treatment,but equally effective to other behavioral and cognitive therapies.
D)REBT is very effective with adults,but not effective with children and adolescents because of their immature cognitive abilities.

Question 72

Schema focused psychotherapy draws on cognitive therapy and:

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)person-centered therapy.
C)behavior therapy.
D)emotion-focused therapies.

Question 73

In correcting faulty cognitions,according to Beck,the patient: (1)needs to recognize what thoughts are awry; (2)has to become aware of what he is thinking; (3)needs feedback to inform him whether his changes are correct; (4)has to substitute accurate for inaccurate judgments.The appropriate order would be:

A)1,2,3,4.
B)1,4,3,2.
C)2,1,4,3.
D)2,4,1,3.

Question 74

In a comprehensive meta-analysis on psychotherapy for depression,Robinson et al.(1990)found that:

A)cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies were superior to other forms of therapy.
B)cognitive therapy was superior to cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C)cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapy was comparable in success to other forms of therapy once investigator allegiance was controlled.
D)cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapy was less effective than behavioral therapy alone.

Question 75

Controlled cognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)have largely shown that:

A)cognitive therapy produces weaker outcomes than behavioral (exposure)therapies.
B)cognitive therapy produces equivalent outcomes compared to behavioral (exposure)therapies.
C)cognitive therapy produces stronger outcomes than behavioral (exposure)therapies.
D)cognitive therapy produces rates of clinical improvement that are largely comparable to medication.

Question 76

Compared to standard CBT,the most novel interventions in schema focused therapy are:

A)experiential.
B)behavioral experiments.
C)cognitive restructuring.
D)the therapeutic relationship.

Question 77

The technique in which patients disabuse themselves of the belief that they are entirely responsible for their plights is called:

A)dichotomous thinking.
B)cognitive restructuring.
C)disattribution technique.
D)distancing.

Question 78

Several meta-analytic studies of cognitive-behavioral therapy for children and adolescents have documented all of the following EXCEPT:

A)CBT for adolescents is more effective than no treatment and active placebo.
B)CBT for adolescents has yielded large effect sizes (> .80).
C)CBT for adolescents is about as effective as antidepressant medication.
D)CBT is more effective for adolescents than for children.

Question 79

Barlow and associates' Panic Control Therapy (PCT),on average,produces symptom elimination in what percentage of clients?

A)30%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 80

Quantitative reviews of cognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia have shown:

A)treatment effects are rarely maintained beyond one month post-treatment.
B)treatment effects are maintained at one-month but not six-month follow-up.
C)treatment effects are maintained or increase at both one- and six-month follow-ups.
D)treatment effects of cognitive therapy is consistently greater than for behavioral treatments.