Deck 13: Gender-Sensitive Therapies

Question 1

The notion that female identity or personhood is in large part defined by the domination and subordination of women is central to which of the following theories?

A)Internalized oppression theory
B)Role conflict theory
C)Gender identity paradigm
D)Relational-cultural theory

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Feminist therapists regard constructs and terms such as psychopathology as:

A)useful in theory development.
B)preferred over such terms as distress and pain which make women appear more vulnerable.
C)problematic because they locate the problem in the individual.
D)acceptable if they include the social and political.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What percentage of rapes against women are acquaintance rapes?

A)15%
B)30%
C)60%
D)75%

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Nancy Chodorow proposed that the psychological capacities of men and women differ because of:

A)different biological-genetic constitutions of the sexes.
B)economic and political power inequalities between the sexes.
C)aggressive and abusive male role models and relationships.
D)being raised primarily by women.

Question 5

The sociopolitical influence that places women at higher risk for certain kinds of distress is:

A)gender-related economics.
B)gender role expectations.
C)sexual trauma.
D)all of the above.

Question 6

Carol Gilligan's landmark work,In a Different Voice,called for:

A)ceasing the oppressive use of psychotherapy to treat women.
B)the conduct of psychotherapy by women for women.
C)integration of a female perspective into psychological theory and science.
D)equal rights for women in the workplace.

Question 7

Feminism as primarily concerned with:

A)the mistreatment of women by men.
B)the promotion of women over men.
C)equal social,economic,and political rights for men and women.
D)improving inter-gender communication.

Question 8

Research on gender-role expectations has documented that

A)expectations are communicated as early as in infancy.
B)expectations begin to have their effect around puberty.
C)expectations in early childhood are communicated more by mothers than fathers.
D)have a greater impact on women than on men,particularly in childhood.

Question 9

Gender socialization influences:

A)men to internalize distress and women to externalize distress.
B)women to internalize distress and men to externalize distress.
C)the prevalence and manifestation of psychological distress.
D)both B and C.

Question 10

Despite comparable levels of education,women employed full time make,on average,what percent of the salary of similarly employed men?

A)61%
B)76%
C)81%
D)89%

Question 11

Research has documented that which of the following percentage of American women may have experienced some form of childhood sexual abuse?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)25%

Question 12

The gender-gap in full-time wages is best highlighted by the fact that:

A)the median education of men is less than women,but women make less than men.
B)the median education of women is slightly less than men,but women make substantially less.
C)the median education of men and women is equivalent,but women make much less than men.
D)women hold the same percentage of managerial and administrative jobs as men,yet make much less.

Question 13

A gender-sensitive approach to DSMs categorization of mental disorders might ask:

A)where is the macho personality disorder predominantly seen in men?
B)how come more women did not serve on the DSM task force?
C)why are male exaggerated traits treated as pathological?
D)when will women be able to make psychiatric diagnoses?

Question 14

From a gender-sensitive perspective,most modern psychotherapy fundamentally is:

A)androcentric.
B)female centered because most clients are women.
C)oppressive to women.
D)too costly for women.

Question 15

Gender-sensitive therapy describes social messages that become part of how we think and feel as:

A)externalized projections.
B)internalized oppression.
C)oppressive socialization.
D)externalization of psychopathology.

Question 16

Some gender-sensitive therapists would suggest that the best description of the ideal individual is:

A)androgynous.
B)interdependent.
C)self-nurturant.
D)the individual who is in touch with feelings and needs.

Question 17

According to Jean Baker Miller and her Stone Center colleagues,which of the following is often regarded as a primary source of women's distress?

A)Androcentric bias
B)Dependency needs
C)Isolation
D)Internalized oppression

Question 18

Feminist therapy proceeds from the conviction that women:

A)will never get a fair share of social,economic and political rights.
B)have been denied equal rights and share characteristics with other oppressed groups.
C)are superior to men in many respects and are entitled to better access to power.
D)are better at relationships than men and would use political and social power more wisely.

Question 19

Feminist psychotherapy fundamentally emphasizes that:

A)a person's identity is profoundly influenced by gender roles.
B)male-centered personality theories can never explain female development.
C)therapy should focus on the elimination of social and political oppression.
D)women are better suited to treat women and less likely to reinforce oppressive beliefs.

Question 20

Conflicting demands from different social roles is called:

A)role strain.
B)role disputes.
C)role transitions.
D)role oppression.

Question 21

Regarding anxiety and defenses,which of the following therapies would most likely say that defensive reactions are provoked by the limiting nature of society which increases the client's distress?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Gender-sensitive therapy
D)Systemic therapies

Question 22

With respect to choosing,which of the following therapies would most likely say that the patient's two major choices are the degree of change they want to accomplish,and whether they can achieve their goal without the support of their current support system?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Gender-sensitive therapy
D)Systemic therapies

Question 23

When the fundamental attribution error is applied in a gender-sensitive fashion it helps to explain why:

A)women's problems are attributed to their disposition and not situations.
B)women's problems are attributed to their situation and not their disposition.
C)both men's and women's problems are attributed to their situations.
D)both B and C.

Question 24

Of the therapies listed,which would most likely say that a large part a patient's self-esteem is based upon maintenance and interaction in relationships?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Gender-sensitive therapy
D)Systemic therapies

Question 25

The primary therapeutic process employed in feminist therapy is:

A)consciousness raising.
B)social liberation.
C)choosing.
D)all of the above.

Question 26

In contrast to feminist therapy,a non-gender sensitive therapy is likely to:

A)focus more on personal rather than social influences on behavior.
B)minimize the significance of gender differences.
C)cultivate an egalitarian therapist-client relationship.
D)work toward empowerment.

Question 27

A feminist therapist would most likely begin consciousness raising by:

A)being self-disclosing.
B)discussing sex bias and sex-role stereotyping in the therapist him- or herself.
C)encouraging clients to say whatever comes to their mind.
D)providing mutual support.

Question 28

Regarding control,which of the following therapies would most likely say that central to the issue of control is the issue of power?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Gender-sensitive therapy
D)Systemic therapies

Question 29

Regarding communication,individuals must stop thinking of only themselves.This focus is most likely suggested by:

A)behavior therapies.
B)cognitive therapies.
C)gender-sensitive therapy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 30

One assumption underlying feminist therapy is that intrapsychic events:

A)are irrelevant.
B)are the result of interpersonal conflicts.
C)are important only to the extent that they are self-defeating.
D)usually occur within an oppressive social context.

Question 31

Which of the therapies listed would most likely say that,with respect to choosing,the therapist's goal is to help patients understand the need to continue fighting for their rights and to be positive role models for involvement?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Gender-sensitive therapy
D)Systemic therapies

Question 32

Feminist therapy would most likely say which of the following about the client's role in consciousness raising?

A)Clients express their conscious experiences in action.
B)Clients must provide accurate information to complete a script checklist.
C)Clients need to learn to differentiate between what they have been taught is socially acceptable and what is actually healthy for them.
D)Clients should say everything that comes to mind without censoring any feeling or fantasy.

Question 33

The feminist motto for a commitment to using individual understanding about oneself as a basis for understanding the oppression of all women is called:

A)social liberation.
B)the feminine revolution.
C)the generation of empowerment.
D)the personal is political.

Question 34

From a feminist therapy perspective,the most basic reason why corrective action is frequently political in nature is because the cause of dysfunctional behavior:

A)is related to biological differences between the sexes.
B)resides in maladaptive individual dispositions.
C)is related to fundamental attribution errors.
D)is primarily related to gender socialization and discrimination.

Question 35

A feminist therapist would conceptualize sexual assault as:

A)a personal and individual act of violence.
B)a political expression of one person's power over another.
C)both a personal attack and a political expression of one group's power over another.
D)political attack on vulnerable women who have been socialized to be vulnerable.

Question 36

Brown has suggested that the overriding goal of feminist therapy is to develop a feminist consciousness.By this she means that a client will:

A)understand their distress as arising from one's demeaned social status.
B)understand their distress as coming from key individual deficits.
C)choose to advance the causes of women through social action.
D)make decisions that empower women.

Question 37

Which of the following therapies would most likely characterize anxiety as a client's natural reaction to the forces of discrimination,poverty,and violence that have kept the client in a subservient position?

A)Behavior therapies
B)Cognitive therapies
C)Gender-sensitive therapy
D)Systemic therapies

Question 38

Feminist therapists are urged to go beyond typical informed consent and aspire to empowered consent,by which is meant that:

A)the therapist discloses her own therapy experiences.
B)the client has access to the specialized knowledge of the clinician,such as the risks and benefits of therapy.
C)the client seek a second opinion with a female therapist before initiating therapy with any clinician.
D)the client attend a power analysis group session before initiating individual therapy.

Question 39

In feminist therapy,if a client complains that he feels the therapist is in a position of power over him,the therapist is most likely to:

A)attribute the client's reaction to over-sensitivity.
B)reassure the client that the relationship is egalitarian.
C)acknowledge the inherent power differential and work to minimize it.
D)provide empathic support and understanding.

Question 40

Depending on the definition of sexual harassment employed by researchers,it has been documented that what percentage of working women has experienced sexual harassment?

A)Greater than 80% regardless of the definition used
B)Less than 30% regardless of the definition used
C)Between 50-60%
D)Between 40-90%

Question 41

Male-sensitive therapy is most likely to:

A)adopt male-friendly practices that are compatible with the relational styles of boys and men.
B)be organized around psychoeducation related to gender beliefs.
C)be conducted as group therapy and not individual therapy.
D)focus on how one's parents' behavior gave rise to male role constriction and strain.

Question 42

From a feminist therapy perspective,men can also experience role ___________.One of the common stereotypes is of a masculine person who is successful and looked up to,and who is the breadwinner in the family.This is referred to as ____________.

A)conflict; the big man on campus
B)conflict; the macho man
C)strain; the big wheel
D)strain; the sturdy oak

Question 43

Which of the following statements would be LEAST consistent with a gender-sensitive therapy view of the therapeutic relationship?

A)Feminist therapy is above all,characterized by a deep,personal two-way communication regarding feelings,ideas,and how to start solving problems.
B)The client-therapist relationship consists of two Es: empowerment and egalitarianism.
C)The therapist and the patient exist in a comparatively equal relationship,with the exception of the therapist generating the therapeutic goals.
D)The therapist's use of self-disclosure is a vital component to establishing trust.

Question 44

Socialization of men according to traditional stereotypes has left men to negotiate between which of the following two perils?

A)The big wheel or no sissy stuff
B)Alexithymia or give 'em hell
C)The need to conform to stereotypes or risk being ostracized as unmasculine
D)Enacting the byproducts of male socialization (domestic violence,neglect of health needs)or becoming like the sturdy oak and give 'em hell male

Question 45

The textbook authors view the most pressing future tasks of gender-sensitive therapies as the:

A)development of a coherent theory of personality.
B)conduct of randomized,controlled clinical trials.
C)need to become more inclusive of other social groups.
D)development of an en-gendered training curriculum/supervision opportunities.

Question 46

Despite a good therapeutic alliance and clear therapy goals,Mitch continued to demonstrate considerable difficulty identifying and expressing feelings.This unawareness of emotion is often referred to as:

A)alexithymia.
B)dysthymia.
C)euthymia.
D)resistance.

Question 47

In the name of diversity,individuals can lose their identity.This criticism of gender-sensitive therapy would probably be leveled by:

A)behavior therapies.
B)humanistic therapies.
C)integrative therapies.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 48

Which of the following is the main goal of male-sensitive therapy?

A)Help men become more emotionally expressive.
B)Move men to a more androgenous position.
C)Increase men's awareness of gender stereotypes and problem behaviors.
D)Help men become better husbands and fathers.

Question 49

Research on the effectiveness of feminist and related therapy issues:

A)is largely based on open,uncontrolled studies.
B)has not been sufficiently evaluated.
C)shows some effects of therapist gender on treatment process but not outcome.
D)all of the above.

Question 50

A truly comprehensive and contextual therapy must integrate the needs of all people.This criticisms of gender-sensitive therapies would probably be leveled by:

A)behavior therapies.
B)humanistic therapies.
C)integrative therapies.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 51

In summarizing the research on gender-sensitive therapies,the text authors note which of the following?

A)Gender-sensitive modifications to established therapies generally yield better outcomes.
B)Gender-sensitive therapies have been frequently evaluated in controlled outcome research and included in meta-analyses.
C)The therapy process (but not outcome)appears to be facilitated by same-gender therapy dyads.
D)Same-gender therapy dyads reliably relate to improved therapy outcomes.

Question 52

Criticisms of gender-sensitive therapy that counter-emphasize the "political as personal" and underscore that the basis of problems is internal would most likely be made by:

A)psychoanalytic therapists.
B)humanistic therapists.
C)behavioral therapists.
D)integrative therapists.

Question 53

Greg seemed to be having difficulty with getting started with the psychotherapy.He was dressed in an expensive suit and began the hour by slapping the back of the "Doc" as a greeting.He continued by cracking jokes and attempting to engage in verbal banter.He wanted help,but evaded most questions and was reluctant to acknowledge serious problems.Greg's presentation is most consistent with which masculine stereotype?

A)No prissy stuff
B)The little wheel
C)The sturdy oak
D)Give 'em hell