Deck 16: Integrative Therapies

Question 1

Which of the following is descriptive of technical eclecticism (as opposed to integration)?

A)Collection
B)Creating something new
C)Convergent
D)Idealistic

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Paul Wachtel is characterized by the text authors as an initially reluctant integrationist who,upon beginning to write a critical article of behavioral therapy,found several strengths of the behavioral perspective.These strengths included all of the following EXCEPT:

A)the possibility of active intervention.
B)the causal role of early experiences.
C)an emphasis on empirical validation of procedures.
D)an emphasis on context in shaping behavior.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following probably represent core ingredients shared by any effective therapy EXCEPT:

A)a positive therapeutic relationship.
B)maximizing client hope and positive expectancy.
C)problem-specific techniques.
D)a hard-working client.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Advocates of common factors,such as Bruce Wampold,argue that research supporting the differential effectiveness of certain psychotherapies is misleading for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)treatment differences ignore therapist effects resulting in overestimation of treatment effects.
B)comparison therapies used in randomized clinical trials are barely therapies at all.
C)researcher allegiance effects are larger than differences among treatment effects.
D)client selection biases in randomized controlled studies inflate treatment effects.

Question 5

For Wachtel,the psychoanalytic and behavioral views of anxiety:

A)are ultimately contradictory.
B)inform divergent interventions.
C)are complementary.
D)are both wrong in their emphases.

Question 6

Which of the following is most descriptive of integration (as opposed to eclecticism)?

A)Applying what is
B)More theoretical than empirical
C)Realistic
D)Sum of parts

Question 7

In the recent study of contemporary self-identified integrative psychotherapists (Norcross et al.,2006),the most common combination of psychotherapy systems on which they base their therapy was:

A)cognitive therapy and some other theory.
B)behavioral therapy and some other theory.
C)psychoanalytic and behavioral.
D)interpersonal and systems.

Question 8

In Wachtel's system,the "woolly mammoth" refers to:

A)exhibiting a pattern of aggressive or "neanderthal-like" behaviors toward others.
B)freezing of a co-dependent relationship behavior pattern in adulthood.
C)inherent biological drives toward extinction.
D)the persisting influence of certain childhood wishes and fears despite later experiences that might be expected to alter them.

Question 9

What the text authors dub the "exhaustion theory" of integration suggests that:

A)there are too many competing theories of therapy for any one person to recall and use.
B)there are so many theories of therapy that there are no new ideas left around which new theories can be organized.
C)the proliferation of therapies reached its maximum point in 1985,and is now on the decline.
D)new theories of therapy are still emerging and no one textbook can cover them all.

Question 10

The most likely patient for cyclical psychodynamics to date is:

A)a family with a member with a psychotic disorder in an inpatient treatment setting.
B)a family experiencing situational crises in an outpatient treatment setting.
C)an individual with neurotic disorders in an inpatient treatment setting.
D)an individual with neurotic disorders in an outpatient treatment setting.

Question 11

Recognition that therapeutic commonalities contribute heavily to therapy outcomes is one factor that has spurred the emergence of integrative psychotherapies.In fact,it is generally known that specific treatment methods account for _____% of outcome variance.

A)0-5
B)5-15
C)20-30
D)30-40

Question 12

The essential goal of technical eclecticism is to:

A)develop a model of common factors that are applied uniformly.
B)develop predictive models of what works for whom.
C)develop atheoretical methods of therapy.
D)develop models of relationship factors.

Question 13

The approach to psychotherapy integration that attempts to identify the core components shared by different therapies is known as:

A)common factors .
B)technical eclecticism.
C)theoretical eclecticism.
D)theoretical integration.

Question 14

For Wachtel,since interpersonal events perpetuate neurosis,the psychotherapist must:

A)abandon interpretive interventions in favor of action-based interventions.
B)favor use of interpretive interventions until a person is ready for action.
C)synergistically combine insight-oriented and action-based interventions.
D)must time the use of action and insight to be simultaneous.

Question 15

Which of the following was NOT one of the factors contributing to the psychotherapy integration movement?

A)Adequacy of one theoretical system for all patients and problems
B)Development of professional societies for integration
C)Proliferation of therapies
D)Recognition that therapy commonalities play major roles in determining outcome

Question 16

Wampold's meta-analytic studies of psychotherapy led him to conclude that the differential superiority of one psychotherapy over another is misleading for each of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)lack of client feedback about outcome during treatment.
B)overestimation of particular treatment effects by ignoring therapist effects.
C)lack of quivalence of comparative therapies in most randomized controlled trials.
D)researcher allegiance effects are sufficiently large to account from differences among specific treatment approaches.

Question 17

According to the textbook,the five most common contemporary combinations of theoretical orientations each included which of the following?

A)Behavioral therapy
B)Cognitive therapy
C)Humanistic therapy
D)Psychoanalytic therapy

Question 18

An arbitrary and unsystematic blending of methods from two or more "schools" of psychotherapy is referred to as:

A)eclecticism.
B)integration.
C)multimodalism.
D)syncretism.

Question 19

The most frequent pathway to psychotherapy integration is:

A)common factors.
B)technical eclecticism.
C)theoretical integration.
D)all of the above.

Question 20

The ongoing etiological process by which intrapsychic conflicts create unwanted behavior,and unwanted behavior creates intrapsychic conflicts,is referred to as cyclical:

A)cognitivism.
B)convergence.
C)harmonics.
D)psychodynamics.

Question 21

Regarding Lazarus' BASIC I.D.concept,which of the following is true?

A)B = Baseline
B)D = Drugs
C)I = client Intelligence
D)S = Systematic approach

Question 22

The state of the art research documenting the effectiveness of multimodal therapy reveals:

A)only a few controlled outcome studies.
B)that durability of outcomes is directly related to the problem domain.
C)that it is better than most integrative approaches for the majority of clients.
D)that it works well for people with anxiety problems but not substance abuse problems.

Question 23

For Wachtel,pejorative interpretations can be minimized and therapeutic communications can be enhanced by:

A)maximal use of action-oriented behavioral strategies that avoid exploration of internal conflicts.
B)very minimal use of interpretive interventions.
C)use of in-session demonstrations of vicious cycles in the therapy relationship itself.
D)initial use of externalization of responsibility.

Question 24

From Arnold Lazarus' point of view,the multimodal therapist's essential relational task is to be:

A)much like a coach.
B)like a teacher.
C)an authentic chameleon.
D)genuine,congruent and positive.

Question 25

Wachtel's phrase,"You can't go far in neutral," refers to:

A)the limitations of the psychoanalytic therapy relationship.
B)the client's tendency to resist action in favor of insight.
C)the pervasive role of vicious cycles in maintaining anxiety problems.
D)the dangers of interfering with the transference relationship.

Question 26

Lazarus' methods are too active,too technical,and too dismissive of inner conflicts and insight-oriented contributions.This criticism of integrative therapies would probably be leveled by:

A)behavior therapies.
B)cognitive therapies.
C)contextual therapies.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 27

In multimodal therapy,a BASIC I.D.chart listing the patient's problems is called a:

A)structural profile.
B)therapy process profile.
C)modality profile.
D)eclectic profile of needs.

Question 28

Although integrative therapists are proficient technique thieves,they have performed little controlled outcome research on their grand integrative creations.This criticism of integrative therapies would probably be leveled by:

A)behavioral therapies.
B)cognitive therapies.
C)contextual therapies.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 29

Lazarus' BASIC I.D.functions as:

A)a template for assessment and therapy content.
B)a way to fit client's problems into a finite set of domains.
C)a framework for when to accept a client for therapy or refer them to others.
D)a model of the therapeutic relationship and its constituent components.

Question 30

In the vignette presented in the textbook,Lazarus' second response to the patient's question "Why do you have graves outside your office?" was:

A)"How does it make you feel that I have graves outside my office?"
B)"I don't have graves outside my office."
C)"One grave is earmarked for you if you turn out to be an uncooperative client."
D)"You may have a preoccupation with death if you see my flower beds as graves."

Question 31

Recent reviews of outcome research on integrative psychotherapies have concluded that:

A)they have limited empirical support.
B)they have mixed empirical support.
C)they have substantial empirical support.
D)there are not enough studies to derive a conclusion about effectiveness one way or another.

Question 32

Lazarus dubbed his therapy "multimodal" therapy because:

A)statistically,there are three kinds of clients who benefit most from it.
B)it addresses all the domains of human experience.
C)he makes use of three basic intervention techniques,each drawn from a different theory of therapy.
D)he includes medication treatments in his therapy.

Question 33

Based on the research program of Beutler and his colleagues' prescriptive approach,it has been found that:

A)those clients with an externalizing coping style do best with insight-oriented approaches.
B)those clients who tend to be highly resistant typically do not make use of self-directed therapies and benefit from more confrontational approaches.
C)those clients with limited social support benefit most from nondirective or self-directed therapies.
D)symptom-focused and skill-building interventions worked best for those with externalizing coping styles.

Question 34

The markers that guide the multimodal therapist's interpersonal stance are:

A)the client's multimodal profile.
B)the client's BASIC I.D.
C)the client's history of past relationships.
D)the client's readiness for change and level of resistance.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is inconsistent with a multimodal therapeutic relationship?

A)A warm caring relationship is typically the central process of change.
B)Empathy,congruence,and positive regard are rarely the necessary and sufficient conditions for constructive personality change.
C)The therapeutic relationship is a precondition of change in practically all cases.
D)The therapeutic relationship is a content to be changed in specific cases.

Question 36

Lazarus' view about the therapeutic relationship includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)flexible relational styles.
B)unconditional positive regard.
C)thoughtful crossing of some formal boundaries.
D)being directive when necessary.

Question 37

Like other forms of technical eclecticism,Lazarus' multimodal therapy is most concerned with:

A)a broad-based theoretical integration of psychotherapy systems.
B)a syncretic approach to applying only the most evidence-based therapy techniques.
C)reducing psychopathology,not explaining it.
D)refining understandings of the multi-influences on how psychopathology develops.

Question 38

More than anything else,Lazarus' multimodal therapy:

A)is,at bottom,a behavioral therapy.
B)is a successful example of theoretical integration.
C)is mostly derived from a cognitive perspective.
D)subscribes to Ockam's razor in its blend of technical eclecticism.

Question 39

Controlled and comparative outcome research on Wachtel's cyclical psychodynamic therapy is:

A)missing.
B)partially supportive.
C)supportive of only the action-based behavioral interventions.
D)very supportive.

Question 40

Lazarus repeatedly emphasizes that,within his BASIC I.D.concept,all of the following can be worked on directly EXCEPT:

A)affect.
B)cognitions.
C)imagery.
D)sensations.

Question 41

The Unified Protocol focuses on four core strategies,including each of the following EXCEPT:

A)fostering the therapeutic relationship.
B)enhancing awareness of emotional experience.
C)preventing emotional and behavioral avoidance.
D)reappraising of rigid emotion-laden cognitions.

Question 42

That the integration therapy movement is much more about traditional boundaries than it is about the development of methods to integrate marginalized and less privileged social groups is a criticism most likely to be put forth by:

A)cognitive-behavioral therapies.
B)cultural therapies.
C)humanistic therapies.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 43

Of the following statements,which would be LEAST consistent with the probable future direction of integrative therapies?

A)Increased attention will be given to individualizing therapy relationship stances.
B)Psychological therapies will be matched increasingly with clinical diagnoses and client styles.
C)External forces will apply pressure toward intertheoretical cooperation and cost-efficient treatment.
D)They will slowly decrease in popularity with the growth of evidence-based methods.

Question 44

The Unified Protocol is most associated with:

A)Arnold Lazarus.
B)Paul Wachtel.
C)Larry Beutler.
D)David Barlow.

Question 45

A recent meta-analysis of 12 studies revealed that matching therapist method to patient coping style:

A)produced a medium effect size.
B)shortened therapy by several sessions.
C)improved therapy outcomes for clients with externalizing but not internalizing problems.
D)produced the best outcome when clients with internalizing disorders were matched with symptom focused and skill enhancement approaches.

Question 46

A key take-home message of Beutler and colleague's systematic treatment selection research is that:

A)clients' problems should be matched to specific treatment approaches.
B)therapists' relational styles should be matched to the demands of particular treatment approaches.
C)the client's level of psychological maturity should be matched to the therapist's emotional maturity level.
D)the level of a therapist's directiveness should be matched to the client's level of resistance.

Question 47

The notion of an "authentic chameleon" is most likely to be criticized as equivalent to saying one should be a genuine phony by:

A)behavioral therapies.
B)cognitive therapies.
C)humanistic therapies.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 48

According to the text authors,which of the following is a challenge that will confront the psychotherapy integration movement?

A)Integrative therapies are typically of longer duration and try to do too much.
B)Third-wave psychotherapies are increasingly regarded as sufficiently complete.
C)Insurance companies are increasingly dissatisfied with the open-ended looseness of integrative therapies.
D)Most practicing therapists (compared to academic researchers)remain wedded to a single system of psychotherapy.

Question 49

While the Unified Protocol is regarded as an integrative therapy,it draws most heavily on which of the following systems of psychotherapy?

A)Emotion-focused/experiential
B)Behavioral
C)Cognitive-behavior-acceptance
D)Psychodynamic-behavioral