Deck 15: Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Question 1

In the Compromise of 1877, Republicans promised to withdraw federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Farmers and debtors generally favored "hard-money" monetary policies in which they would pay creditors with gold, silver, and copper coins.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Black military veterans formed the core of the first generation of African American political leaders in the postwar South.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Despite winning the popular vote in 1876, Samuel Tilden lost the presidency.

Question 5

How was the Union able to begin leading Reconstruction efforts in the South?

A)Lincoln strategically waited to begin the process of Reconstruction in conquered areas until after the Civil War was officially over.
B)Lincoln issued a Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, allowing for Rebel states to be pardoned after 10 percent of those who had voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance.
C)Lincoln pardoned all Confederate government officials as well as all soldiers and senior officers in the Confederate army and navy.
D)Against Lincoln's wishes, the Wade-Davis Bill went into effect, requiring a majority of white male citizens who had voted in 1860 in Rebel states to pledge allegiance to the Union.
E)The Union government agreed to allow slavery for the next 50 years but only in certain parts of the South where it was most crucial to the economy.

Question 6

President Johnson's plan to restore the Union closely resembled President Lincoln's.

Question 7

One of the most popular religious denominations among blacks in the postwar South was Baptist.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about Abraham Lincoln is correct?

A)He supported the Wade-Davis Bill.
B)He was a Radical Republican.
C)He wanted to punish the South once the Civil War ended.
D)He wished to reduce presidential authority in the postwar period.
E)He issued a fairly lenient Reconstruction plan in 1863.

Question 9

The Freedmen's Bureau was the first federal effort to provide assistance directly to people rather than to states.

Question 10

The Freedman's Bureau was an organization that

A)was met with much resistance from white landowners but was able to start new schools for freedpeople across the southern states.
B)had the primary purpose of negotiating land sales between former slaves and white landowners.
C)was founded by white landowners to write contracts requiring that their freed slaves keep them as their employer.
D)was met with little resistance in the South and achieved most of its goals negotiating labor contracts.
E)was established by enslaved people long before the Civil War but ended soon after they were granted their freedom.

Question 11

"Scalawags" were generally Republicans native to the South who had opposed secession.

Question 12

The Reconstruction era provided true social equality for blacks at least for the period from 1865 to 1877.

Question 13

Radical Republicans in Congress claimed they had the authority to confiscate southern plantations, divide them into small farms, and give them to former slaves.

Question 14

The South emerged from the Civil War with a strong, diversified economy.

Question 15

Republicans in states such as Tennessee and Virginia who thought of themselves as "saving" the South from Democratic control and "white rule" were known as the redeemers.

Question 16

After the House of Representatives impeached President Johnson, the Senate failed to convict him by just one vote.

Question 17

Waving "the bloody shirt" meant linking southern Democrats to all the horrors of the Civil War in order to discredit the party.

Question 18

The Fifteenth Amendment freed the slaves.

Question 19

Which of the following was a reason for the collapse of the southern plantation economy after the Civil War?

A)Property values in the South had increased, making plantations unaffordable.
B)Europe no longer wanted imports of southern cotton.
C)The labor force was decimated because of emancipation.
D)So many plantation owners died fighting for the Confederacy.
E)More money was invested in slavery after the war than the crops themselves.

Question 20

The __________ was created to assist the newly freed slaves in acclimating to their new status and protecting their legal rights.

A)Ku Klux Klan
B)Knights of the Golden Circle
C)Carpetbaggers
D)Freedmen's Bureau
E)The Scalawags

Question 21

As president, Andrew Johnson

A)favored complete legal equality for freedmen and freedwomen.
B)worked closely with the Radical Republican Congress.
C)believed in the goal of Reconstruction.
D)was prejudiced and combative.
E)wished to elevate wealthy southerners to positions of power in his government.

Question 22

After the Civil War, many African American communities began to establish

A)cooperative associations to assist them in shared duties.
B)schools to educate their children.
C)banks to assist in loans to African Americans.
D)general stores to provide formerly forbidden goods.
E)hospitals that would become the centers of community life.

Question 23

What was a major setback for freedmen trying to obtain their own land during Reconstruction?

A)Very little land was available to purchase.
B)They were allowed to purchase land in designated areas only.
C)The federal government repealed the wartime policy of land redistribution.
D)State law forbid them from owning land.
E)They did not have an understanding of what it took to run a farm, and many lost their land to foreclosure.

Question 24

What role did the election of 1866 play in shaping Reconstruction?

A)It gave the Radical Republicans a veto-proof majority in Congress.
B)It gave the Liberal Republicans a veto-proof majority in Congress.
C)It saw the first African American Representative elected to Congress.
D)It showed that the North had grown weary of the problems in the South.
E)It gave President Johnson a free hand in running Reconstruction.

Question 25

The Ku Klux Klan may have originated as a social club, but soon began intimidating

A)Democrats and liberals.
B)northern Republicans and Jews.
C)bankers and tax collectors.
D)blacks and white southern Republicans.
E)Union soldiers and carpetbaggers.

Question 26

Sharecropping was a labor system in which the landowner provided land, seed, and tools to poor farmers in exchange for

A)loyalty.
B)protection from disgruntled landowners.
C)75% of the landowner's income at harvest time.
D)a "share" of the crop.
E)a place of their own.

Question 27

The Union League was created to

A)promote urban living.
B)recruit former slaves to the Republican party.
C)organize workers to challenge management policies.
D)agitate for women's suffrage.
E)promote Native American citizenship.

Question 28

Many southern state legislatures reacted to the new rights given to freedmen by

A)accepting them and creating some laws to help protect them.
B)establishing black codes to stifle them.
C)refusing to write new constitutions.
D)attempting to nullify the acts of Congress that created them.
E)withdrawing their delegations from Washington, D.C., in protest.

Question 29

"Scalawags" were

A)southerners who opposed secession and joined the Republican party after the war.
B)northern men seeking opportunity in the South.
C)corrupt southern bankers.
D)small organizations of people who sought to help newly freed slaves.
E)dishonest politicians in the postwar South.

Question 30

"Carpetbaggers" were

A)small organizations of people who sought to help newly freed slaves.
B)southern carpet layers looking for work after the war.
C)luggage handlers at railroad stations.
D)corrupt northern bankers.
E)individuals from the North seeking opportunity in the South after the war.

Question 31

What were freedmen's conventions?

A)Secret meetings held by freedmen in the South primarily to discuss religious freedoms
B)Whites-only statewide government gatherings organized under President Johnson's plan
C)Meetings and marches in which freedmen demanded citizenship, civil rights, and land
D)Formal assemblies where freedmen cast their first ballots and exercised their right to vote
E)National protests for freedom for blacks that primarily took place in the North

Question 32

According to the textbook, one of the most significant aspects of Republican state governments in the South was that they

A)were so generous to destitute southerners.
B)weakened the "good old boy" tradition of awarding government jobs to friends.
C)were able to recruit so many white men to the party.
D)lasted such a short time.
E)lasted such a long time.

Question 33

With the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, the __________ assumed primary responsibility for protecting civil rights.

A)state governments
B)NAACP
C)federal courts
D)Freedmen's Bureau
E)federal government

Question 34

Johnson's Restoration Plan required that each southern state

A)give all blacks equal voting rights.
B)ratify the fourteenth amendment.
C)appoint a Unionist provisional governor.
D)call a convention of Confederates to convince them to support the Union.
E)punish the wealthy aristocrats that had previously had political power.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about the role of African Americans in southern politics is correct?

A)No African Americans were elected to the U.S.House of Representatives during the Reconstruction Era.
B)No African Americans had the right to vote in the postwar South until long after the Restoration Era.
C)Black military veterans formed the core of the first generation of African American political leaders in the postwar South.
D)Ex-Confederate whites maintained the same rights as before the war, which successfully kept African Americans from entering politics.
E)Most black political leaders were part of the Democratic state legislatures and had not been former slaves.

Question 36

President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he

A)fired his Secretary of War in defiance of Congress.
B)refused to testify before a congressional hearing.
C)was often drunk on the job.
D)was caught taking bribes from southern lobbyists.
E)was too critical of members of Congress.

Question 37

The Fourteenth Amendment

A)protected black male suffrage.
B)made it clear that blacks were citizens.
C)gave states more power.
D)was not important.
E)was obeyed in all southern states.

Question 38

When President Lincoln was assassinated in 1865, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton thought

A)it was an elaborate hoax.
B)Washington, D.C.might be under Confederate attack.
C)it was part of the play's action.
D)Democrats in Congress had ordered it.
E)Radical Republicans were responsible.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about the Civil Rights Act of 1866 is accurate?

A)It allowed African Americans the privilege of voting.
B)It was directed at Native American protections.
C)It allowed women the privilege of voting.
D)It declared all persons born in the United States (excluding Indians) were citizens.
E)It repealed the Thirteenth Amendment.

Question 40

Which of the following statements about the Fifteenth Amendment is accurate?

A)It gave women the right to vote.
B)It gave Native Americans the right to vote.
C)It gave African American men the right to vote.
D)It was generally supported by southern politicians.
E)It did little to change politics in the United States.

Question 41

What was the controversy of the presidential election of 1876? How was it resolved? How did the results alter the Reconstruction process?

Question 42

Which of the following was true at the end of Reconstruction in the United States?

A)The new state governments kept their constitutions from before the war.
B)Union troops remained a major presence in the South under President Hayes.
C)Blacks were free, but their civil rights remained threatened.
D)Black politicians remained more prominent in new state administrations than whites.
E)Louisiana and South Carolina remained Republican governments for the next thirty years.

Question 43

The economic depression triggered by President Grant's effort to reduce the supply of paper money in circulation was known as the

A)Panic of 1873.
B)Great Depression.
C)Great Recession.
D)Scandal of Epic Proportions.
E)End of Prosperity.

Question 44

White anti-Reconstruction Democrats who were regaining control of southern state governments by 1870 were known throughout the South as

A)saviors.
B)Scalawags.
C)"the best men."
D)southern disciples.
E)redeemers.

Question 45

Which of the following was a promise made by the Republican party as part of the Compromise of 1877?

A)They would reinstitute black codes.
B)They would repeal the Fourteenth Amendment
C)They would defund the Freedmen's Bureau.
D)They would remove the remaining Union troops from the South.
E)They would deport the African Americans who had been freed.

Question 46

Because of inexperience and lack of judgment, President Grant

A)was particularly popular among the masses.
B)was so unpopular that he barely survived one term in office.
C)took four years before becoming an effective politician.
D)chose unscrupulous men for his Cabinet.
E)was personally involved in numerous scandals.

Question 47

The presidency of Republican Ulysses S.Grant was characterized by

A)extreme competency and cooperation with the Democrats.
B)scandals at the highest ranks of national government.
C)bipartisanship and financial stability.
D)continuous and committed effort to end racial violence.
E)skilled handling of the debt crisis.

Question 48

Which of the following were national political issues that competed with southern civil rights concerns of the 1870s?

A)Women's suffrage
B)Southern nationhood
C)Texas annexation
D)Indian wars
E)Mining industry strikes

Question 49

Explain the three Reconstruction era amendments (Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments).What changes were made with each amendment, and why were those changes needed?

Question 50

Which of the following was a financial scandal during the Grant administration?

A)The Panic of 1873
B)The Great Depression
C)An attempt to monopolize oil prices
D)The crash of the steel industry
E)An attempt to corner the gold market

Question 51

What were the major problems facing the nation in April 1865? What factors stood in the way of a solution to those problems?

Question 52

Explain how the lives of blacks changed politically and socially during Reconstruction.

Question 53

During Reconstruction, federal government-issued paper money was

A)favored by all Americans over hard currency.
B)called greenbacks.
C)the method of repayment preferred by creditors.
D)quickly discontinued.
E)the cause of deflation.

Question 54

What was the effect of Congressional Reconstruction?

A)It made equal rights for women much less likely in the future.
B)It created the constitutional foundation for further advances in civil rights.
C)It created true racial equality and substantial economic opportunities for African Americans.
D)It was, at the end of the period, a movement southern Democrats supported.
E)It racially integrated southern cities and increased spending for schools for years after.

Question 55

What problems did blacks in the South face during Reconstruction? What attempts did the government make to solve those problems?

Question 56

Ulysses S.Grant was elected president in 1868 on a __________ platform.

A)racist
B)liberal
C)peace
D)racial equality
E)militaristic

Question 57

Which of the following presidents actively sought to diminish racial violence in the United States during Reconstruction?

A)Lincoln
B)Johnson
C)Grant
D)Hayes
E)Taft

Question 58

Two separate political parties-Liberal Republicans and Democrats-both nominated __________ as their candidate for president in 1872.

A)George McClellan
B)Horace Greeley
C)Horatio Alger
D)Henry Clay
E)Benjamin Harrison

Question 59

The South Carolina state legislature after the Civil War opposed the Republican party because both blacks and __________ were gaining political clout.

A)women
B)immigrants
C)poor whites
D)northern industrialists
E)Indians

Question 60

What did the Ku Klux Klan Act do?

A)It effectively eliminated the organization until the 1920s.
B)It created the organization as a social club.
C)It outlawed Klan activity such as wearing disguises.
D)It outlawed violent activity against Klan activities.
E)It outlawed anti-Klan protests in the South.