Deck 4: Cell Structure

Question 1

Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are:

A)peroxisomes.
B)plastids.
C)lysosomes.
D)liposomes.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This cellular structure lacks a membrane:

A)microbody
B)nucleus
C)nucleoid
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Small cells function more effectively, because as cells become larger their surface area to volume ratio:

A)decreases.
B)is cubed.
C)increases.
D)stays the same.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of:

A)fatty acids.
B)steroids.
C)nucleotides.
D)amino acids.

Question 5

Some of the functions of the eukaryotic organelles are performed in bacteria by the:rev: 02_28_2015_QC_CS-9326

A)plasma membrane.
B)capsule.
C)cell wall.
D)nucleoid area.

Question 6

A distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of tightly packaged chromosomal DNA with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a:

A)nucleolus.
B)cell.
C)nucleus.
D)plasma membrane.

Question 7

Schleiden and Schwann stated the "cell theory," which in its modern form says:

A)all organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells require oxygen and all cells arise by division of other cells.
B)all organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells are the smallest living things and all cells arise by division of other cells.
C)all organisms are composed of one or more cells, all cells arise spontaneously and all cells vary in size and shape.
D)all cells will arise spontaneously, all cells require oxygen and all cells are composed of one or more cells.

Question 8

Integrins are glycoproteins that help link the cytoskeleton and the:

A)cytoplasm.
B)cell wall.
C)ribosomes.
D)extracellular matrix.

Question 9

The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface of the rough ER is called the:

A)mitochondrion.
B)vacuole.
C)smooth ER.
D)Golgi body.

Question 10

Ribosomes are made up of:

A)only RNA molecules.
B)only DNA molecules.
C)DNA and RNA.
D)protein and RNA.

Question 11

The semi-fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the:

A)stroma.
B)nucleoplasm.
C)ribosome.
D)cytoplasm.

Question 12

The cytoplasmic space in eukaryotic cells is occupied by many diverse membrane-bound structures with specific cellular functions called:

A)flagella.
B)organelles.
C)receptors.
D)cilia.

Question 13

Microfilaments such as actin, microtubules, and the intermediate filaments form the cell-supporting structure called the:

A)cytoplasm.
B)nucleus.
C)plasma membrane.
D)cytoskeleton.

Question 14

The evolutionary process that created chloroplasts and mitochondria is:

A)punctuated equilibrium.
B)evolution.
C)symbiosis.
D)endosymbiosis.

Question 15

The organelle that can collect, package, modify, and transport molecules is called the:

A)plasma membrane.
B)Golgi apparatus.
C)mitochondria.
D)vesicle.

Question 16

Many antibiotics kill bacteria because they hinder translation by prokaryotic _____.

A)ribosomes
B)capsules
C)cytoskeleton
D)cytoplasm

Question 17

Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a:

A)central vacuole.
B)Golgi body.
C)centriole.
D)chloroplast.

Question 18

The major histocompatibility complex is important in a T-cell's ability to:

A)recognize specific parasites.
B)recognize specific bacteria.
C)recognize specific viruses.
D)recognize self from nonself.

Question 19

Photosynthetic pigments in bacteria are located in the:

A)nuclei.
B)plasma membrane.
C)chloroplasts.
D)cell wall.

Question 20

Prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to:

A)pili.
B)flagella.
C)ribosomes.
D)capsules.

Question 21

A cytologist is examining a tissue under an electron microscope.He notices that the endoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and he knows that the rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there.He asks why there are so many ribosomes.You respond,

A)"This tissue exports lipids and is very involved with mRNA production."
B)"This tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body."
C)"This tissue exports various nucleic acids, hence the large number of ribosomes present on the endoplasmic reticulum in each of those cells."

Question 22

The distinctive feature of chloroplasts is that they contain a green pigment called:

A)Gram stain.
B)chlorophyll.
C)hemoglobin.
D)chromatin.

Question 23

Your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein.After using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3-D image.Which microscope should you use?

A)confocal microscope
B)scanning electron microscope
C)phase-contrast microscope
D)fluorescence microscope

Question 24

When a vesicle moves along microtubules toward the center of the cell, the molecular motor(s) _____ are used?

A)dynein
B)both kinesin and dynein
C)Molecular motors are not required for movement along microtubules.
D)kinesin

Question 25

You have identified an enzyme that appears to be involved in the addition of palmityl group (a fatty acid) to certain proteins.Knowing that palmitoylated proteins are usually targeted for delivery to the plasma membrane, in which organelles might this enzyme be expressed?

A)Golgi apparatus and nucleus
B)Golgi apparatus and endoplamic reticulum
C)Endoplamic reticulum and ribosomes
D)Endoplamic reticulum and nucleus

Question 26

A doctor diagnosis a child with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) a disorder in which there is an accumulation of long fatty acid chains accumulating in the cells of the central nervous system.The issues arise with malfunctions in enzymes associated with which organelle?

A)Golgi bodies
B)ribosomes
C)vacuoles
D)peroxisomes

Question 27

Peroxisomes are examples of:

A)microbodies.
B)ribosomes.
C)chromosomes.
D)nucleosomes.

Question 28

A protein that is destined to reach the plasma membrane is making its way through the Golgi.At that moment, a drug was added to cells, blocking trafficking at the trans face of the Golgi.As a result, what would happen to the protein?

A)The protein would continue on to the cell surface.
B)The protein would be stuck in the Golgi.
C)The protein would return to the endoplasmic reticulum via the trans face of the Golgi.
D)The protein would exit the Golgi, but instead be targeted to the cytoplasm.

Question 29

If you were to use antibodies that were chemically bonded to a stain in order to visualize the expression pattern of a protein in a fixed tissue, what experimental techniques and equipment would be applicable?

A)antibody interference assay, bright-field microscopy
B)immunohistochemistry, dark-field microscopy
C)immunohistochemistry, bright-field microscopy
D)DAPI or Hoechst stains, fluorescence microscopy

Question 30

Nuclear pores permit the passage of all the following except:

A)RNA only outward.
B)proteins inward and outward.
C)DNA molecules only outward.

Question 31

The nucleolus is the site of:

A)protein synthesis.
B)uncoiling and unraveling of chromosomes.
C)ribosome assembly.
D)lipid synthesis.

Question 32

Plants, fungi and bacterial all have:

A)nuclei
B)cell walls
C)chloroplasts
D)lysosomes

Question 33

Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, what cellular structures must you include?

A)cell wall
B)ribosomes
C)mitochondria
D)nucleus

Question 34

Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments, with an optimum growth temperature of about 80 $\degree$ C.What feature allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?

A)Archaea are highly adaptable to changing environmental temperatures.
B)Archaea have two cell walls which helps prevent heat absorption.
C)Archaeal membranes contain special lipids.
D)Archaea use the heat from their environment to produce ATP.

Question 35

Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of:

A)microtubules in a 9 + 2 arrangement.
B)protein fibers in a helical arrangement.
C)actin filaments in a 9 + 2 arrangement.
D)nine triplets of microtubules in a circle.

Question 36

You stain a cell with a dye that reacts with an enzyme found in the lysosome.You would also expect to see this dye in the:

A)nucleus.
B)mitochondria.
C)endoplasmic reticulum.
D)cytoplasm.

Question 37

A team of researchers is studying the external structures on the dorsal (back) surface of a spider mite.The spider mite seems to be the habitat of an even smaller mite, which is approximately 0.05mm.While they can see the dorsal surface of the spider mite with their naked eye, they cannot see the mite clearly.The researchers are writing a grant to provide support for a microscope to use to study these new mites.They need to purchase a microscope with a high magnification to observe the new mites on their habitat.Based on the information given, what type of microscope would you suggest?

A)scanning electron microscope
B) no microscope is powerful enough to see the smaller mite
C)binocular compound light microscope
D)transmission electron microscope

Question 38

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage.Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected by alcohol consumption?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)Nucleus
C)Lysosome
D)Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

A cell biologist has developed a new drug that blocks vesicle transport at the cis face of the Golgi apparatus.What will this drug prevent from happening inside a cell?

A)The synthesis of proteins or lipids on the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)The movement of materials from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.
C)The movement of vesicles from mitochondria to the Golgi apparatus.
D)The movement of the lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

Question 40

The spreading of cancer cells, wound healing, and blood clotting all rely on the same type of cell movement called:

A)swimming.
B)crawling.
C)waving.
D)whipping.

Question 41

Matthew noticed that his house plants were wilting badly.Which cell structure had most likely contracted?

A)cytoplasm
B)cell wall
C)plasma membrane
D)vacuole

Question 42

Mitochondrial disorders can be caused by mutations in all the following except:

A)mitochondrial DNA
B)nuclear DNA
C)cytoplasmic DNA

Question 43

Streptomycin is an antibiotic that interferes with the function of the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome.What is the consequence of treating a bacteria with streptomycin?

A)Impaired oxygen synthesis
B)Impaired protein synthesis
C)Impaired DNA synthesis
D)Impaired ATP synthesis

Question 44

During which cellular process do all three forms of RNA associate?

A)ribosome assembly
B)chromatin formation
C)formation of the nucleolus
D)protein synthesis

Question 45

A cuboidal shaped cell with six sides is 1mm X 1mm X 1mm.What is the volume and the surface area of the cell?

A)1mm³ : 6mm²
B)3mm³ : 3mm²
C)1mm³ : 3mm²
D)3mm³ : 1mm²

Question 46

When looking at plant and animal cells with an electron microscope, you notice that the plant cells have more Golgi membranes than the animal cells.This is most likely because unlike in animal cells, in plant cells the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of:

A)cytoplasm.
B)mitochondria.
C)cell walls.
D)chloroplasts.

Question 47

Scientists believe that stimulating growth of algae and other organisms can reduce carbon dioxide amounts in the atmosphere.Where is carbon dioxide consumed in a plant cell?

A)Matrix in mitochondria
B)Cellulose in cell wall
C)Stroma in chloroplasts
D)Number of amyloplasts

Question 48

Glycogen Storage Disease Type II (GSD II), also known as Pompe disease, is a metabolic disorder that leads to the accumulation of glycogen in muscles and neurons throughout the body.It is caused by a defect in an enzyme that is normally housed with other enzymes that are involved in breaking down large macromolecules.What organelle is most likely affected by this disease?

A)Lysosome
B)Golgi body
C)Nucleus
D)Mitochondrion

Question 49

Individuals that are heavy smokers may eventually have trouble clearing the mucous from their lungs because the structures that move fluid along the epithelial lining of the lung become damaged over time.What are these structures called?

A)Pili
B)Flagella
C)Cell walls
D)Cilia

Question 50

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by special junctions called intercalated discs.Intercalated discs provide strength between cells of tissues which exhibit high mechanical stress, strong flexible connections between tissue cells, and electrical excitability between the cells.Using this information, which junctions are present in intercalated discs?

A)Tight, plasmodesmata, and adherens
B)Tight, plasmodesmata, and desmosomes
C)Gap, adherens, and desmosomes
D)Gap, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes

Question 51

If a water molecule passes through the outer membrane of a chloroplast, how many more membranes will it have to move through to be in the stroma?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 52

Based on the function of mitochondria, what substance is able to pass through the outer membrane of the mitochondria easily?

A)Oxygen
B)Sugars
C)Amino acids
D)Potassium ions

Question 53

Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells.What is a plausible explanation?

A)Prokaryotic cell walls limit their cell growth.
B)Prokaryotes lack the genetic material needed for protein synthesis.
C)Eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.
D)Prokaryotes have more diverse energy sources.

Question 54

As ATP moves from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the cytoplasm of a cell, how many membranes will it pass?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4