Deck 49: The Circulatory System

Question 1

Which blood cell type is correctly matched to its function?

A)monocytes-defense against microorganisms
B)erythrocytes-immunity
C)leukocytes-blood clotting
D)platelets-hematopoiesis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In birds and mammals, a vestige of the sinus venosus of the fish heart remains as the sinoatrial node, which serves as a(n)

A)pacemaker.
B)inhibitory node.
C)diastole detector.
D)site of erythropoiesis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The liquid portion of blood that contains metabolites, wastes, hormones, ions, and a variety of proteins is called the _______________.

A)plasma
B)edema
C)platelet
D)eosinophil

Answer 3

A

Question 4

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system EXCEPT

A)blood clotting and immune defense.
B)temperature regulation.
C)oxygen, nutrient, and waste transport.
D)creation of red and white blood cells.

Question 5

A bone marrow sample from Patient X has abnormally-low numbers of megakaryocytes.What body process would you expect to be impaired in Patient X?

A)temperature regulation by vasoconstriction or vasodilation of superficial blood vessels
B)blood clotting following injury to a blood vessel
C)defense against foreign microorganisms
D)transport of oxygen

Question 6

Why is an open circulatory system less efficient than a closed circulatory system?

A)Metabolic wastes cannot be removed from tissues in an open circulatory system.
B)There is no heart to pump the blood in an open circulatory system.
C)It is more difficult to quickly deliver O₂ to specific tissues when needed with an open circulatory system.
D)Open circulatory systems lack respiratory pigments that bind to oxygen.

Question 7

Blood is pumped from the heart into the arterial system, which branches from arteries into fine _________.

A)arterioles
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)venules

Question 8

Mammalian, bird, and crocodile hearts have four chambers with two separate atria and ventricles to ensure _____ different circuits for blood flow.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)eight

Question 9

When you are upright, what is the primary mechanism that propels blood in your feet back to your inferior vena cava?

A)recoil of elastic fibers in the walls of the leg veins
B)contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
C)contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the leg veins
D)contraction of skeletal muscles in your legs

Question 10

Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.

Question 11

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

A)not all the blood has to pass through both sides of the heart.
B)there is an extra place to store blood when the animal is at rest.
C)that there are two muscular regions for pumping blood out of the heart to different organs.
D)that blood is pumped into body tissues at high pressure.

Question 12

Leukocytes (white blood cells) account for about _______ of the cells in human blood.

A)60%
B)10%
C)0.1%
D)1%

Question 13

You are taking a lab practical exam.One station has a microscope slide of a cross section through an artery and vein.Which vessel is the artery?

A)the vessel with more muscle tissue and elastic fibers in its wall
B)the vessel with valves to prevent backflow
C)the vessel lined only with endothelium
D)the vessel with a greater overall diameter

Question 14

Jim is suffering from congestive heart failure, in which blood flow is backed up in his lungs and excess fluid is escaping the blood and accumulating in his lung tissue.If untreated, increasing pulmonary edema will lead to death by suffocation.What is the most-likely cause of Jim's congestive heart failure?

A)Contraction of his right atrium is not keeping up with contraction of his left atrium.
B)Contraction of his left ventricle is not keeping up with contraction of his right ventricle.
C)Jim's pulmonary semilunar valve is not opening properly.
D)Jim's SA node is malfunctioning.

Question 15

Which of the following solutes is NOT normally found in the plasma?

A)metabolites, wastes, and hormones
B)globulins
C)hemoglobin
D)ions

Question 16

The cells that normally lack a nucleus and have a relatively short life span in humans are

A)eosinophils.
B)lymphocytes.
C)neutrophils.
D)erythrocytes.

Question 17

Elephantiasis is an infectious disease in which blockage of the circulatory system by microscopic, parasitic roundworms results in a dramatic swelling of the tissues in the lower half of the body.What region is most likely blocked by these small, thread-like worms?

A)the superior vena cava
B)lymphatic vessels and/or lymph nodes
C)the left atrium of the heart
D)a pulmonary artery

Question 18

Changes in the arterial blood pressure are detected by __________ located in the walls of the carotid artery and the arch of the aorta.

A)pacemakers
B)osmoreceptors
C)Purkinje fibers
D)baroreceptors

Question 19

As compared to the circulatory system of most fishes, the circulatory system of adult amphibians has the advantage of

A)a four-chambered heart.
B)complete separation between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
C)partially-separate circuits for gas exchange and systemic delivery of blood.
D)a pocket of the gut that serves as an air bladder.

Question 20

What would be the physiological effect of an increase in the venous return to the heart?

A)increased stroke volume
B)decreased cardiac output
C)increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
D)increased secretion of ADH (vasopressin)

Question 21

Under what circumstance would your body experience an increase in erythropoietin secretion?

A)if your hematocrit is elevated above normal levels
B)if you just moved from New York City to start training for a marathon in the 'Mile-High' city of Denver, Colorado
C)after drinking 5 liters of water in just 2 hours
D)if you are suffering from hypertension

Question 22

In the blood clotting cascade mechanism, which specific enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

A)renin
B)thrombin
C)albumin
D)angiotensin

Question 23

A nurse takes your blood pressure during your annual examination, and she enters a reading of 115/70 in your medical chart.These numbers mean that the

A)pressure in your brachial artery during ventricular contraction is 115, while the pressure during ventricular relaxation is 70.
B)nurse heard sounds through the stethoscope only when the pressure in your brachial artery was exactly 115 and again when it was exactly 70.
C)pressure in the ventricles of the heart is 115 when the ventricles are contracting and 70 when the ventricles are relaxing.
D)diastolic pressure is 115 and the systolic pressure is 70.

Question 24

One mechanism that some animals use to limit heat loss in cold environments is

A)vasoconstriction of veins.
B)vasoconstriction of the precapillary sphincters in the skin.
C)increasing cardiac output.
D)vasodilation of below surface blood vessels.

Question 25

The left ventricle in mammals is more muscular than the right ventricle because

A)the right ventricle only pumps blood into the right atrium.
B)the left ventricle has to pump blood throughout the body at high pressure.
C)the left ventricle pumps more total blood than the right ventricle.
D)the left ventricle is always contracting to maintain a systemic blood pressure.

Question 26

The loudest sounds a nurse hears while listening to a patient's heart through a stethoscope are caused by

A)closing of the AV valves.
B)opening of the semilunar valves.
C)depolarization of the ventricles.
D)contraction of the atria.

Question 27

Edema is a result of increased interstitial fluid in various tissues of the body.All of the following are causes of edema EXCEPT

A)injury to a limb.
B)liver disease.
C)abnormally low blood pressure.
D)pregnancy.

Question 28

Which secreted molecule is LEAST likely to effect a significant change in blood pressure?

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)nitric oxide
D)high-density lipoprotein

Question 29

Myeloid stem cells give rise to all formed elements in the blood EXCEPT

A)lymphocytes.
B)erythrocytes.
C)basophils.
D)monocytes.

Question 30

What factor most limits a person's maximal increase in cardiac output during exercise?

A)the rate at which cardiac muscle contracts
B)the time it takes for electrical impulses to reach all parts of the heart
C)the total amount of blood in an individual
D)the time available to fill the heart chambers with blood as the heart rate increases

Question 31

What is true about about mammalian red blood cells?

A)Red blood cells are also called leukocytes.
B)A mature red blood cell is shaped like a biconcave disc because it has no nucleus.
C)Red blood cells develop from lymphoid stem cells.
D)Red blood cells contain albumin.

Question 32

The greatest metabolic advantage of a fish's two-chambered heart is

A)its ability to pump blood under high pressure to all areas of the fish's body.
B)its ability to maintain a constant blood pressure in the fish.
C)its ability to stay full of blood even as it is emptying into the conus arteriosus.
D)its ability to pump blood to the gills for gas exchange before the blood is pumped to the remaining areas of the body.

Question 33

In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart, the structure(s) containing blood with the highest O₂ concentration is/are the _______________.

A)pulmonary arteries
B)pulmonary veins
C)right atrium
D)inferior vena cava

Question 34

The blood pressure in your brachial artery is at its lowest during

A)the time the aorta is maximally stretched.
B)the diastolic period.
C)exercise.
D)the systolic period.

Question 35

Which animal is likely to have the circulatory pattern shown in the figure?

A)frog
B)mammal
C)bird
D)fish

Question 36

A friend asks you to explain the difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.You say, "Well

A)atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are nearly the same and usually occur after a stroke."
B)atherosclerosis is a condition that results from having angina pectoris occurring in the arteries of the heart, while arteriosclerosis results from the accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the arteries."
C)atherosclerosis is a condition that results from the accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the arteries, while arteriosclerosis results from too much calcium being deposited in the arteries."
D)atherosclerosis is a condition that results from too much calcium being deposited in the arteries, while arteriosclerosis results from the accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the arteries."

Question 37

When submerged, frogs receive most of their O₂ from capillaries within the skin.What structure would contain blood with the highest O₂ concentration in a submerged frog, which is not able to breathe using its lungs?

A)left atrium
B)ventricle
C)right atrium
D)pulmonary vein

Question 38

What animal group is mismatched with its circulation system type (open or closed)?

A)earthworm-closed
B)lobster-open
C)killer whale-closed
D)cricket-closed

Question 39

The P wave of the ECG represents

A)the depolarization of the atria.
B)the contraction of the ventricle.
C)the repolarization of the atria.
D)the relaxation of the atria.

Question 40

What class of sensory receptors directly affects the activity of the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata?

A)sensory cells in the juxtaglomerular apparati of the kidneys
B)blood glucose sensors in the pancreas
C)blood pH chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies
D)baroreceptors in the arch of the aorta and in the carotid arteries

Question 41

What type of mollusk has a closed circulatory system?

A)clam
B)snail
C)squid
D)slug

Question 42

You are taking a lab practical exam, and one station has pins in various internal structures of a bisected mammalian heart.You can orient yourself without picking up and examining the exterior of the heart because

A)the width of the external wall of the right ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls.
B)the width of the external wall of the left ventricle is thicker than all the other chamber walls.
C)the width of the external wall of the left atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls.
D)the width of the external wall of the right atrium is thicker than all the other chamber walls.

Question 43

Animals with closed circulatory systems are more successful than animals with open circulatory systems.