Deck 2: Heredity

Question 1

Dizygotic (DZ) twins run in families.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Sebaceous glands cause a developing organism to grow arms or wings, skin or scales.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Amniocentesis is a procedure used in abortion.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Children suffering from Huntington's disease (HD) can be placed on a diet that is low in phenylalanine within three to six weeks of birth. Following this diet helps them achieve normal development.

Question 5

When children who are reared by adoptive parents are similar to their natural parents in a trait, a powerful argument is made for a genetic role in the appearance of that trait.

Question 6

The probability of having a child with Down's syndrome increases with the age of the parents.

Question 7

In amniocentesis, the health professional uses a syringe to suck out some threadlike projections called villi from the outer membrane that envelops the amniotic sac and fetus.

Question 8

Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome produce:

A)less estrogen than normal males.
B)less testosterone than normal males.
C)less adenine than normal males.
D)less thymine than normal males.

Question 9

Ultrasound is used to guide the syringe in amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) by determining the position of the fetus.

Question 10

Amniocentesis was once routinely recommended for women who become pregnant past the age of 40.

Question 11

Meiosis is responsible for the production of sperm and ova.

Question 12

Color blindness is a sex-linked abnormality.

Question 13

Most victims of _____ die of respiratory infections in their 20s.

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)cystic fibrosis
C)Turner syndrome
D)Klinefelter syndrome

Question 14

Twenty-year-old Jack is extremely tall and has very thick facial hair. Most of his male secondary sex characteristics are also more pronounced than men of his age. In this scenario, Jack is most likely:

A)an XYY male.
B)to be diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome.
C)an XXY male.
D)to be diagnosed with Down's syndrome.

Question 15

Monozygotic (MZ) twins are known as fraternal twins.

Question 16

Adoption studies in which children are separated from their natural parents at an early age and reared by adoptive parents provide special opportunities for sorting out nature and nurture.

Question 17

Children that suffer from phenylketonuria (PKU) can be cured by placing them on diets high in the enzyme phenylalanine.

Question 18

Typical human cells contain 50 chromosomes organized into 25 pairs.

Question 19

Neural tube defects cause an elevation in the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in the mother's blood.

Question 20

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is similar to amniocentesis but is carried out between the 14th and 16th week of pregnancy.

Question 21

Rico is a man who has enlarged breasts and suffers from mild mental retardation. He has a problem learning languages, and his body produces less of the male sex hormone testosterone than normal males. Rico is most likely suffering from:

A)Klinefelter syndrome.
B)Tay-Sachs disease.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)Down's syndrome.

Question 22

Which of the following pairs of bases is present in the rungs of the ladder-like structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A)Cytosine with guanine
B)Rhodamine with biotin
C)Diaminopurine with ribozyme
D)Serine with tyrosine

Question 23

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a(n):

A)sex-linked abnormality.
B)abnormality in the 21st pair of chromosomes.
C)recessive gene.
D)single segment found only on the X chromosome.

Question 24

According to a study by Fellman (2013), if a woman is a twin, then:

A)she is more likely to develop chromosomal abnormalities.
B)the chances of her becoming pregnant decreases.
C)she is likely to be a healthy mother.
D)she is likely to bear twins.

Question 25

Humans begin life as a single cell that known as a(n):

A)zygote.
B)gonadotrope.
C)embryo.
D)chromaffin.

Question 26

If an individual gets a recessive allele for eye color from both parents, the:

A)gender of the child will determine if that trait is shown.
B)recessive trait will develop in the child.
C)recessive trait will develop 50% of the time.
D)recessive trait will be suppressed and the dominant trait will be expressed.

Question 27

Which of the following is true of Down's syndrome?

A)It is usually caused by a defect in the sex chromosomes of an individual.
B)The symptoms of Down's syndrome are similar to those of sickle-cell anemia.
C)It is caused by a sexually transmitted infection (STI) during conception.
D)The probability of having a child with Down's syndrome increases with the age of the parents.

Question 28

Which of the following is a symptom of cystic fibrosis?

A)It leads to uncontrollable muscle movements and changes in personality.
B)It leads to the excessive production of thick mucus that clogs the pancreas and lungs.
C)It causes red blood cells to clump together leading to obstruction of small blood vessels and decrease in oxygen supply.
D)It causes the central nervous system to degenerate, resulting in death.

Question 29

Polygenic traits are those that are:

A)developed during adolescence.
B)transmitted by the mother.
C)uncommon in humans.
D)determined by several pairs of genes.

Question 30

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a:

A)chromosomal abnormality.
B)single segment found only on the Y chromosome.
C)recessive gene.
D)decrease in estrogen levels.

Question 31

In the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which of the following bases combine with thymine?

A)Cytosine
B)Adenine
C)Rhodamine
D)Serine

Question 32

Which of the following is true of sickle-cell anemia?

A)It is typically treated with testosterone replacement therapy.
B)Children this problem cannot metabolize an amino acid called phenylalanine.
C)It leads to the obstruction of small blood vessels and decreased oxygen supply.
D)Girls with this problem are shorter than average and infertile.

Question 33

Tim, a 27 year old man, has unusually narrow shoulders, low muscle mass, and no facial and body hair. After a consultation, his doctor prescribed testosterone replacement therapy. Tim is most likely suffering from:

A)phenylketonuria (PKU).
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)Klinefelter syndrome.
D)Huntington's disease (HD).

Question 34

The typical sex chromosome pattern for females is _____.

A)XX
B)XYY
C)XY
D)XXY

Question 35

When the effects of both alleles are shown, there is said to be:

A)codominance.
B)preponderance.
C)ascendance.
D)concurrence.

Question 36

Which of the following illnesses causes a degeneration of the central nervous system?

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Turner syndrome
D)Klinefelter syndrome

Question 37

Which of the following happens during mitosis?

A)Strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) break apart.
B)Adenine combines with its appropriate partner, cytosine.
C)Sperm and ova cells are created.
D)23 chromosomes are created.

Question 38

Down's syndrome is caused:

A)due to alcohol abuse by the mother at the time of conception.
B)by sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities.
C)by an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.
D)due to drug abuse by the mother during pregnancy.

Question 39

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) takes the form of a:

A)single spiral.
B)double helix.
C)sphere.
D)cube.

Question 40

Which of the following individuals is most likely to have Tay-Sachs disease?

A)Avner, a 4-year-old child of Jewish descent
B)Connard, a 55-year-old African American
C)Shaina, a 17-year-old Asian American
D)Mateo, a 20-year-old Hispanic male student

Question 41

The individual who would be most likely to develop sickle-cell anemia is a(n):

A)European American.
B)Native American.
C)African American.
D)Asian American.

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of supermales?

A)They are somewhat taller than average.
B)Their facial hair growth is minimal when compared to XYY males.
C)They suffer from gynecomastia.
D)They are more likely to be impotent.

Question 43

Dizygotic (DZ) twins share__________percent of their genes.

A)100
B)75
C)50
D)25

Question 44

__________is the process in which the double helix of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) duplicates.

A)Amniocentesis
B)Mitosis
C)Meiosis
D)Mutation

Question 45

The field of biology that studies heredity is called _____.

A)etiology.
B)ecology.
C)genetics.
D)numismatics.

Question 46

Matt is a 36 year old male. In the past one year, he noticed that his limbs sometimes moved on their own and he also started having trouble remembering things along with doing simple calculations. Matt's father and grandfather were also known to have faced similar problems during their adulthood. Matt is most likely suffering from:

A)phenylketonuria (PKU).
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)Huntington's disease (HD).

Question 47

According to a study by Fellman (2013), the chances of twins:

A)increase when a woman conceives before she is 21.
B)increase with parental age.
C)decrease with the number of times couples have sex before conception.
D)decrease with the use of fertility drugs.

Question 48

_____ is used to detect neural tube defects such as spina bifida and certain chromosomal abnormalities.

A)Artificial insemination
B)Sonogram
C)Endometriosis
D)Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay

Question 49

Which of the following describes the function of genes?

A)They regulate the development of traits.
B)They prevent foreign particles from entering the body.
C)They work together with lutein to influence development.
D)They transfer oxygen from the bloodstream to other parts of the body.

Question 50

When both of the alleles for a trait are the same, the person is said to be _____ for that trait.

A)monozygotic
B)dizygotic
C)homozygous
D)heterozygous

Question 51

The enzyme disorder__________is transmitted by a recessive gene and affects about 1 child in 8,000.

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C)hemophilia
D)phenylketonuria

Question 52

_____ is a method to detect prenatal genetic abnormalities that samples the membrane enveloping the amniotic sac and fetus:

A)Ultrasound
B)Chorionic villus sampling
C)Sonogram
D)Alpha-fetoprotein assay

Question 53

After mitosis, the genetic code is identical in new cells unless__________occur through radiation or other environmental influences.

A)reductions
B)expulsions
C)conceptions
D)mutations

Question 54

Jill bears the genetic code for Von Willebrand disease, but she has never developed the illness herself. Jill would be considered:

A)a carrier of the recessive gene that causes the disease.
B)susceptible to the disease after adolescence.
C)an acceptor of the recessive gene that causes the disease.
D)susceptible to the disease at late adulthood.

Question 55

__________are problems that stem from the interaction of heredity and environmental factors.

A)Multifactorial problems
B)Cognitive problems
C)Horizon problems
D)Coronal problems

Question 56

Chromosomes contain thousands of segments called:

A)nuclei.
B)nodes.
C)capillaries.
D)genes.

Question 57

Monozygotic (MZ) twins share__________percent of their genes.

A)100
B)75
C)50
D)25

Question 58

Girls with Turner syndrome:

A)possess more thymine than cytosine.
B)are taller than average.
C)produce little estrogen.
D)are more likely to give birth to twins.

Question 59

The determination of a child's sex depends on the:

A)presence of teratogens at the time of conception.
B)sex chromosome pair from the end of every autosome.
C)presence of teratogens at the time of ovulation.
D)sex chromosome received from either parent.

Question 60

Most victims of _____ suffer from excessive production of thick mucus that clogs pancreas and lungs.

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)cystic fibrosis
C)Turner syndrome
D)Klinefelter syndrome

Question 61

After meiosis, each new cell nucleus contains _____ chromosomes.

A)46
B)35
C)23
D)12

Question 62

Discuss the cause and symptom of Huntington's disease (HD).

Question 63

Chromosomes are _____ structures found in cells.

A)rod-shaped
B)circular
C)cone-shaped
D)octagonal

Question 64

According to a study in 2014 by Skakkebaek et al., who among the following is most likely to have gynecomastia?

A)Jennifer, a dancer, who has Down's syndrome.
B)Frank, a teacher, who is diagnosed with XYY syndrome.
C)Peter, a fashion designer, who has Klinefelter syndrome.
D)Ria, a gym instructor, who is diagnosed with Turner syndrome.

Question 65

_____ is a procedure that uses ultrasonic sound waves to create a picture of an embryo or fetus.

A)Artificial insemination
B)Sonogram
C)Endometriosis
D)Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay

Question 66

How would one identify a person with Down's syndrome?

Question 67

What were the conclusions of kinship studies?

Question 68

Each member of a pair of genes is termed a(n) _____.

A)allele
B)zygote
C)autosome
D)node

Question 69

Which of the following is considered a multifactorial problem?

A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Down's syndrome
C)Diabetes mellitus
D)XYY syndrome

Question 70

Twins that derive from a single zygote that has split into two are called:

A)monozygotic (MZ) twins.
B)non-identical twins.
C)fraternal twins.
D)dizygotic (DZ) twins.

Question 71

The typical sex chromosome pattern for males is _____.

A)XX
B)XYY
C)XY
D)XXY

Question 72

According to a study by Fellman (2013), which of the following is true of fertility drugs?

A)They enhance the chances of multiple births.
B)They stop ova from ripening.
C)They should be taken orally and not injected.
D)They suppress the hormone-secretion process.

Question 73

If adopted children show more of a similarity in characteristics to their natural parents than to their adoptive parents, it can be concluded that:

A)the genetic characteristics of the children change over time.
B)heredity is solely responsible for how a child grows.
C)the environment is solely responsible in the development of those characteristics.
D)genetics play a role in the development of those characteristics.

Question 74

Daisy has always been unusually short for her age from the time she was a child. She was unable to conceive after marriage and upon visiting a doctor, she was prescribed estrogen replacement therapy. Daisy is most likely suffering from:

A)phenylketonuria (PKU).
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)Huntington's disease (HD).

Question 75

Why is amniocentesis carried out on pregnant women?

Question 76

Distinguish between Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome.

Question 77

A human zygote contains _____ pairs of autosomes.

A)46
B)44
C)23
D)22

Question 78

According to a study by van Gameren-Oosterom (2013), individuals with Down's syndrome:

A)are unlikely to die from cardiovascular problems by middle age.
B)have no specific characteristic features.
C)show deficits in cognitive development.
D)are likely to have only 46 chromosomes.

Question 79

Which of the following is true of mutations?

A)Mutations usually occur by chance.
B)Mutations produce sperm and ova cells.
C)Mutations occur through radiation or other environmental influences.
D)Mutations help adenine combine with guanine to form the single spiral structure of deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 80

__________is a fatal genetic neurologic disorder whose onset is in middle age.

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C)Hemophilia
D)Huntington's disease