Deck 1: An Introduction to Sociology in the Global Age

Question 1

During the ______ many early sociologists came to focus on the relationship between the state and the family.

A) sharing economy
B) information age
C) Industrial Revolution
D) postindustrial age

Answer 1

C

Question 2

______ applied sociology to politics, arguing that the United States was developing a "military industrial complex" that favored war.

A) Auguste Comte
B) Karl Marx
C) C. Wright Mills
D) Émile Durkheim

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The concept of globalization first began to appear in academic literature around _____.

A) 1890
B) 1970
C) 1990
D) 1999

Answer 3

C

Question 4

McDonaldization is a concept that describes ______.

A) the process of globalization
B) the creation of rational systems that can guide mass production
C) the way that cultural diffusion happens
D) the creation of an unskilled and low paid underclass of workers

Question 5

When globalization increases negative flows, such as spreading diseases or pollution, it is called ______.

A) terrorism
B) deviant globalization
C) hypercapitalism
D) antiglobalization

Question 6

The mass introduction of high-speed internet has allowed people around the world to obtain information faster than ever before. It has influenced many factors around the globe, including how people meet through networks and how often people can communicate. Sociology would point to high-speed internet as an example of ______.

A) the butterfly effect
B) the social change effect
C) commodification
D) globalization

Question 7

Sociologists are interested in the development of a new "______" economy, where businesses such as Uber, Airbnb.com, and others are a growing model for providing services using technology.

A) postindustrial
B) Google
C) sharing
D) technocratic

Question 8

The postindustrial age began around the middle of the twentieth century but transitioned into the ______ at the beginning of the twenty-first century.

A) social age
B) cyber age
C) space age
D) information age

Question 9

In which period do more people of both genders perform free labor?

A) the industrial age
B) the postindustrial age
C) the information age
D) the postmodern age

Question 10

Sociology was founded in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when the study of ______ became a special focus of attention.

A) the inequality of women
B) the industrial revolution
C) the nuclear family
D) the decline of religion

Question 11

The growth of the service sector and white-collar work in the mid-twentieth century gave rise to what age?

A) the consumer age
B) the digital age
C) the postindustrial age
D) the information age

Question 12

McDonald's, blue jeans, and Pizza Hut are now found in countries all over the world. This is an example of the effects of ______.

A) cultural lag
B) globalization
C) cultural relativity
D) McDonaldization

Question 13

The rise in credit card debt from 1969 to the present day is used as evidence of what trend?

A) the increased globalization of the economy
B) the increase of economic technology in the postindustrial age
C) the dramatic increase in personal consumption among Americans
D) the increasing divide between income and living expenses

Question 14

During the increase of globalization, what effect have social structures had on the flow of products and information?

A) Social structures typically enable better global flows.
B) Social structures are typically designed to impede global flows.
C) Social structures exist to both increase and limit global flows.
D) Social structures have little effect on the flow of products and information.

Question 15

As globalization takes place, the movement of products and people of the world becomes more ______.

A) monitored
B) regulated
C) unequal
D) fluid

Question 16

Starting in the 1950s, developed countries with capitalist economies began to shift from ______ to ______.

A) production; consumption
B) manufacturing; providing services
C) working class; middle class
D) affluence; recession

Question 17

In the United States, manufacturing has ______ since the middle of the twentieth century, signaling a move out of the ______ age.

A) decreased; industrial
B) decreased; preindustrial
C) increased; preindustrial
D) increased; agrarian

Question 18

The iPhone has been purchased by millions of people and has revolutionized the ways phones function in society. This shows that increased consumption patterns ______.

A) support the way capitalism weeds out good and bad products
B) influence not just the economy but also culture
C) are more likely to sort the rich from the poor
D) have their greatest influence on the young generation

Question 19

_____ was a contributing factor behind the decision of the United Kingdom to exit the European Union.

A) Glocalization
B) Globalization
C) Deglobalization
D) Grobolization

Question 20

According to the author, George Ritzer, no social change is as important today as ______.

A) social movements
B) globalization
C) climate change
D) the growth of inequality

Question 21

If a researcher who studies crime within a specific community chooses to interview residents to gain some insight into the problem, he/she would be using ______ analysis.

A) micro
B) macro
C) public
D) organic

Question 22

Polygamy is practiced in some parts of the world, while monogamy is practiced in others. People who believe that polygamy or monogamy is a deviant practice are failing to enlist ______.

A) cultural diffusion
B) a sociological imagination
C) ethnocentrism
D) the sociological vision

Question 23

______ allows individuals to create social reality through their thoughts and actions.

A) Consumption
B) Social dynamic
C) Social reform
D) Agency

Question 24

George Ritzer presents three main concerns as the centerpiece for his text. These concerns are ______.

A) globalization, consumption, and the digital world
B) globalization, global economics, and the internet
C) capitalism, industrialism, and the information age
D) the industrial revolution, the agricultural revolution, and the information revolution

Question 25

Sociology is the systematic study of ______.

A) the way people are influenced by groups
B) the way people influence one another
C) organizations and social structures
D) the way people are affected and affect social structures and processes

Question 26

One of the four defining characteristics of McDonaldization is predictability. What does this predictability refer to?

A) the ability to predict the future growth of the company
B) the ability to predict one's experience across different settings
C) the ability to predict where the product will spread
D) the ability to predict who will buy the product

Question 27

______ studied workers in capitalistic economic systems.

A) Karl Marx
B) Auguste Comte
C) Georg Simmel
D) C. Wright Mills

Question 28

The process of understanding how individuals create social reality through their thoughts and actions is called ______.

A) agency-structure relationship
B) social construction
C) micro-macro relationship
D) social structure

Question 29

A wave of personal bankruptcies that lead to bank failures is an example of what aspect of the sociological imagination?

A) private troubles and public issues
B) micro-macro relationship
C) agency-structure relationship
D) social structures and processes

Question 30

Traditionally, the largest unit of analysis in sociology has been ______.

A) inequality
B) gender
C) society
D) globalization

Question 31

Many companies outside of the United States, such as those in China, manufacture goods that are shipped to American companies. Americans then purchase these goods and use them for various purposes. This is an example of ______.

A) cultural lag
B) globalization
C) consumption
D) sociological imagination

Question 32

Women are more likely than men to work in positions that are poorly paid within the same occupational field. For instance, women are more likely to be dental hygienists than dentists, or legal assistants rather than lawyers. Many women might feel that this is a personal shortcoming, despite institutionalized discrimination and prejudices held against them. This is an example of ______.

A) the globalization of inequality as applied to women
B) McDonaldization of society as it applies to women
C) the effects of the social construction of reality
D) the links between private troubles and public issues using sociological imagination

Question 33

There are four defining characteristics of McDonaldization. Which one of the following is NOT one of these characteristics?

A) efficiency
B) calculability
C) control
D) expansion

Question 34

An example of the military-industrial complex today would be ______.

A) the United Nations
B) the Great Recession
C) the War on Terror
D) the World Bank

Question 35

When it comes to the digital world, which one of the following questions is LEAST LIKELY to be a research interest of sociology?

A) Who has internet access around the world?
B) How can social networking sites increase interaction between people?
C) How does the increase in technology affect cognitive growth of teenagers?
D) How do smartphones affect the norms of eating in a restaurant?

Question 36

In his theory of violence, contemporary sociologist Randall Collins includes both individuals who must have skills to carry out violent interactions and the materials and resources that an organization must equip themselves with in order to carry out violence. His theory includes both ______ and ______ components.

A) public; private
B) global; local
C) agency; structural
D) micro; macro

Question 37

A researcher who is studying in a local school district realizes that its problems are also occurring in the majority of public school districts within the United States. This researcher is connecting ______ to ______ social phenomena.

A) local; global
B) micro; macro
C) private; public
D) agency; structure

Question 38

______ is the ability to look at the social world from different perspectives.

A) Sociological imagination
B) Mediated interaction
C) Social constructionism
D) Public sociology

Question 39

Societal changes in the aftermath of the Great Recession suggest that we are moving into an age in which people ______.

A) rely on credit more than ever before
B) prefer to spend their money on more high-end goods and entertainment
C) are more reluctant to spend money
D) prefer more do-it-yourself products to store-bought products

Question 40

George Ritzer shows that as a college student, the choices in obtaining your education are affected by which main sociological issue(s)?

A) globalization
B) mediated interaction
C) consumption
D) three interrelated themes of globalization, consumption, and the digital world

Question 41

The main focus of sociology is ______.

A) to study and explain what motivates individual behaviors
B) to study the way people are influenced by groups or organizations
C) to study how people affect and are affected by social structures and social processes
D) to study the organizations that people create

Question 42

______ is defined as a complex pattern of social relationships that is bounded in space and persists over time.

A) Migration
B) Society
C) Culture
D) Globalization

Question 43

There are negative types of globalization, such as terrorism and sex trafficking.

Question 44

In the global age, borders between European countries increased, while borders between countries in other parts of the world relaxed.

Question 45

Despite the recession, excessive consumption has continued at a steady pace, making it unlikely that we will soon enter a "postconsumption age."

Question 46

Concepts from sociology's early days continue to be applicable and still are applied to social issues by contemporary sociologists.

Question 47

Many people now consider work and production less important than consumption.

Question 48

Bullfighting is a popular sport in Spain: however, many Americans think negatively of bullfighting because of its brutality. If Americans looked at bullfighting from the perspective of the Spaniards, they would understand it as a cultural tradition. They would be using their ______.

A) cultural resourcefulness
B) ethnocentrism
C) sociological imagination
D) none of these

Question 49

Migration of people and products is a new trend that defines the global age.

Question 50

Everyone participates in globalization in one way or another.

Question 51

In the transition to an information economy, more people of both genders perform labor for free.

Question 52

How is sociology different from commonsense understandings of the social world?

A) Sociology is intentional and common sense is not.
B) Sociology is systematic and rigorous; common sense is not.
C) Sociology requires sampling large portions of the population.
D) Sociology focuses only on questions of scientific relevance.

Question 53

Sociology focuses on the ways in which the social world is continually changing.

Question 54

The number of women who are involved in sex trafficking has decreased each year.

Question 55

Human trafficking benefits from globalization, but is illegal worldwide.

Question 56

Scholars of ______ study nation-states, especially the ways in which they relate to one another around the world.

A) geography
B) anthropology
C) political science
D) economics

Question 57

There is a division in sociology between those who advocate for a ______ approach to social problems and those who advocate for a ______ approach.

A) public; private
B) pure science; social reform
C) statistical; narrative
D) personal; community

Question 58

Many people believe that when they get laid off from their job they are alone, but many soon come to realize that this is a result of the current recession. They are able to connect their ______ troubles to ______ issues.

A) public; private
B) individualistic; common
C) secret; overt
D) private; public

Question 59

The sociological imagination can help people make the connection between public issues and private troubles.

Question 60

An example of mediated interaction would be communicating over the internet in a chat room.

Question 61

Discuss the legalization of marijuana as a social issue. Pretend you are a sociologist attempting to explore the legalization of marijuana from both micro and macro levels of analysis. How would you explore this issue from the micro-analysis and macro-analysis perspectives?

Question 62

The social science fields differ from one another, but sociology is the field that gives the broadest possible view of society and its interrelationships.

Question 63

In his text, George Ritzer defines globalization as an increased flow of people, products, and processes around the world. Consider the way that globalization affects your experience of college education. Describe how one product or process has changed the experience of college education for you through the effects of globalization. Give concrete factors describing why the product or process you describe is part of globalization.

Question 64

What is the social construction of reality? How can you apply this concept to fashion trends?

Question 65

Describe the differences and similarities between the two purposes of sociology: pure science and social reform. Do you believe that sociology should focus more on pure science or social reform? Explain your stance.

Question 66

Sociology is one of the humanities, such as history and communication.

Question 67

How is the butterfly effect applied to social phenomena? In what ways did Bouazizi's actions lead to the Tunisian revolution and how is this related to the butterfly effect?

Question 68

Describe the difference between social structures and social processes. How do these concepts relate to globalization?

Question 69

U.S. consumption greatly increased at the end of the twentieth century, but since the recession, there are some indications that we may be entering a postconsumption age. What would a postconsumption age mean for our society? Provide an example of how you would be personally affected by the postconsumption age.

Question 70

Anthropology examines communications across the globe, with the internet of focal concern in the contemporary world.

Question 71

Sociologists do not engage in social reform; the job of the sociologist is only to engage in "pure science" research.

Question 72

Explain the concept of McDonaldization. Why is it called "McDonaldization"? What are the four characteristics that define this process?

Question 73

Consider the issue of student debt in the current educational environment in the lens of "the sociological imagination." How might you use the sociological imagination to understand different aspects of the increase in student loan debt in the twenty-first century?

Question 74

Macro analysis involves focusing on the influence of groups and organizations.

Question 75

Sociologists who engage in pure science believe sociology should be studied to change society for the better.

Question 76

How do social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.) influence what you purchase? Do you find that your consumption habits are often based on what your family, friends, or even celebrities are displaying online? Please explain your answer using examples. If you do not use social media platforms, please explain how these platforms are able to shape the consumption habits of others.