Deck 4: Psychoanalytic Therapy

Question 1

Manufacturing 'good' reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as:

A) rationalisation.
B) projection.
C) displacement.
D) introjection.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The ego defence mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations is known as:

A) sublimation.
B) compensation.
C) introjection.
D) reaction formation.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the:

A) oral stage.
B) anal stage.
C) phallic stage.
D) genital stage.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelings into the unconscious, is:

A) repression.
B) regression.
C) displacement.
D) rationalisation.

Question 5

The ego defence mechanism in which a person exhibits behaviour that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages is .

A) fixation
B) rationalisation
C) regression
D) introjection

Question 6

A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is:

A) openness and self-disclosure.
B) a deeply personal and sharing relationship.
C) a sense of being anonymous.
D) a focus on specific behaviour and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behaviour.

Question 7

A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behaviour to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego defence?

A) Displacement
B) Reaction formation
C) Introjection
D) Projection

Question 8

In Freud's view, an individual experiencing neurotic anxiety feels:

A) he has behaved in a manner that is inconsistent with his moral code.
B) a realistic threat is present in the environment.
C) he will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately.
D) guilt associated with past actions.

Question 9

The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to:

A) treat specific learning disorders.
B) change overt behaviour.
C) correct irrational thinking.
D) make the unconscious motives conscious.

Question 10

Resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the:

A) oral stage.
B) anal stage.
C) phallic stage.
D) genital stage.

Question 11

The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behaviour is known as:

A) displacement.
B) denial.
C) compensation.
D) sublimation.

Question 12

Directing energy toward another object or a person when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a 'safer target') is known as:

A) sublimation.
B) repression.
C) introjection.
D) displacement.

Question 13

Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes all of the following except:

A) dreams.
B) posthypnotic suggestions.
C) free association.
D) material derived from introspective techniques.

Question 14

The 'fundamental rule' for the client in psychoanalysis is:

A) forming a contract with the therapist.
B) willingness to do 'homework assignments'.
C) participating in free association.
D) writing down dreams.

Question 15

Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as:

A) displacement.
B) introjection.
C) reaction formation.
D) projection.

Question 16

A young man who adopts his parents' outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an example of:

A) displacement.
B) reaction formation.
C) sublimation.
D) introjection.

Question 17

The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?

A) Anal stage
B) Genital stage
C) Oral stage
D) Phallic stage

Question 18

A person who manages his or her anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is probably using:

A) introjection.
B) sublimation.
C) denial.
D) compensation.

Question 19

The concept of resistance can best be described as all of the following except:

A) everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material.
B) that which needs to be analysed and interpreted.
C) an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy.
D) it is not valuable from a theoretical and clinical perspective.

Question 20

A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is:

A) psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy.
B) psychoanalytically oriented reality therapy.
C) superego-oriented psychotherapy.
D) psychoanalytic behaviour analysis.

Question 21

Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?

A) To refer to the death instincts
B) To refer to the energy of all the life instincts
C) To refer to sexual abuse
D) To account for the aggressive drive

Question 22

The main function of the ego is to:

A) inhibit id impulses.
B) seek pleasure in life.
C) mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.
D) strive for perfection.

Question 23

A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of during the stage of development.

A) identity; adolescence
B) trust; infancy
C) generativity; middle age
D) intimacy; young adulthood

Question 24

Henry has the impulse to gamble excessively whenever he goes to Sun City. Aware of this, he has decided to turn down a job offer in Sun City to avoid the temptation to gamble. What part of Henry's personality helped him to reach this decision?

A) The id
B) The ego
C) The superego
D) The unconscious

Question 25

The primary aim of time-limited psychotherapy is to:

A) explore sources of childhood trauma.
B) deal exclusively with a single presenting problem.
C) change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others.
D) bring about catharsis.

Question 26

Developmentally, Freud's latency stage corresponds to Erickson's stage of:

A) trust vs mistrust.
B) intimacy vs isolation.
C) initiative vs guilt.
D) industry vs inferiority.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is not true with regard to the relational approach to psychoanalysis?

A) The approach is based on the idea that client and therapist are equals.
B) There is an exploration of the subjectivities of both client and therapist.
C) Countertransference provides rich information about the client's dynamics.
D) Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship.

Question 28

Who developed the object-relations view that focuses on separation and individuation?

A) Perls
B) Satir
C) Rogers
D) Mahler

Question 29

A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of during the stage.

A) intimacy; young adulthood
B) identity; adolescent
C) integrity; later life
D) industry; school age

Question 30

If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include all of the following except:

A) rejecting others' love.
B) fear of intimate relationships.
C) mistrust of others.
D) high self-esteem.

Question 31

From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may display all of the following characteristics except:

A) discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values.
B) be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach.
C) underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in the client's world.
D) ambiguity is not part of most psychoanalytic approaches.

Question 32

All of the following are a part of Jung's view of development except:

A) individuation.
B) the shadow.
C) symbiosis.
D) collective unconscious.

Question 33

In Erikson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:

A) intimacy vs. isolation.
B) integrity vs. despair.
C) identity vs. role confusion.
D) initiative vs. guilt.

Question 34

What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages?

A) Anal/phallic/latency/genital/oral
B) Oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital
C) Oral/anal/latency/genital/phallic
D) Latency/oral/anal/phallic/genital

Question 35

Because ego and consciousness are not the same, the slogan for psychoanalysis has shifted from 'making the unconscious conscious' to:

A) 'making the ego conscious'.
B) 'where there was id, let there be ego'.
C) 'get rid of the id, kid!'
D) 'may the force be within you'.

Question 36

According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves:

A) autonomy vs shame and doubt.
B) initiative vs guilt.
C) identity vs role confusion.
D) trust vs mistrust.

Question 37

All of the following are true about the superego except:

A) it is the 'legal' branch of personality.
B) it is the internalisation of the standards of parents and society.
C) it governs, controls and regulates the personality.
D) it inhibits id impulses.

Question 38

Thembi feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. Which of the psychic structures suggested by Freud is feeding her guilty feelings?

A) The id
B) The ego
C) The superego
D) The consciousness

Question 39

The developmental crisis involving initiative vs. guilt occurs during:

A) school age.
B) early childhood age.
C) preschool age.
D) adolescence.

Question 40

Self-psychology and object-relations theory emphasise all of the following except:

A) the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.
B) the origins, transformations and organisational functions of the self.
C) the differentiation between self and others.
D) different cultures maintain similar values.

Question 41

Traditional analytic therapists make more frequent interpretations of transferences and engage in fewer supportive interventions than is the case with psychodynamic therapists.

Question 42

All of the following are true about a therapist's countertransference reactions except:

A) they should be avoided.
B) they have the potential to interfere with effective treatment.
C) they can provide rich understanding of the client's experience.
D) they should be carefully monitored by the therapist.

Question 43

Freud developed the theory of sexuality.

Question 44

In object-relations theory, later relationships build upon the child's:

A) search for approval from the father.
B) birth order.
C) striving to overcome felt inferiority.
D) search for a reconnection with the mother.

Question 45

The major developmental task of the anal stage is acquiring a sense of trust.

Question 46

The phallic stage typically occurs during the ages of 1 to 3.

Question 47

Which of the following is not a component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?

A) Use of interpretation early in the therapeutic relationship
B) Targeting a specific interpersonal problem during the first session
C) The therapist functioning as a blank slate
D) Developing a strong working alliance

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship a client has with his or her analyst?

A) The client is free to express any idea or feeling as long as it is not scandalous.
B) The analyst is free to engage in spontaneous self-expression if a client makes an erroneous comment.
C) The client is free to express any idea or feeling, no matter how irresponsible, scandalous, politically incorrect, selfish, or infantile.
D) The client is encouraged to use 'solution talk' and avoid talking about problems.

Question 49

According to Freudians, greediness and hoarding may develop as a result of not getting oral needs properly met.

Question 50

The Freudian view of human nature is deterministic.

Question 51

A person with a personality disorder is characterised by instability, irritability, self- destructive acts, impulsive anger, and extreme mood shifts. This person is lacking a clear sense of identity, has poor impulse control, and an inability to tolerate anxiety.

A) narcissistic
B) dependent
C) borderline
D) obsessive-compulsive

Question 52

In order to meet the goals of psychoanalytic treatment, Neliswe must help her eating disordered clients to:

A) reduce their symptoms and resolve their internal conflicts.
B) replace negative self-talk with positive self-talk.
C) make use of programmes such as Weight Watchers or the Atkins diet plan.
D) increase their support networks and develop social interest.

Question 53

Individuals who display exhibitionistic traits, seek attention and admiration from others, and are extremely self-absorbed might have which of the following personality disorders?

A) Narcissistic
B) Dependent
C) Borderline
D) Obsessive-compulsive

Question 54

Which statement below is not accurate with regard to the phenomenon of countertransference?

A) Countertransference reactions are the weakest source of data for understanding the world of the client since they are so biased.
B) Countertransference reactions are inevitable because all therapists have unresolved conflicts and personal vulnerabilities that are activated through their professional work.
C) Most research on countertransference has dealt with its deleterious effects and how to manage these reactions.
D) It is critical that therapists monitor their own feelings during therapy sessions and use their responses as a source for increased self-awareness and understanding of their clients.

Question 55

Freud developed the concepts of both life instincts and death instincts.

Question 56

Ego-defence mechanisms, by their very nature, imply psychopathology.

Question 57

During the anal stage, children typically experience a range of negative feelings, including rage, hate, and hostility.

Question 58

The range of emotionally charged responses such as withdrawal, anger, love, annoyance, powerlessness, avoidance, over-identification, control, and sadness of the therapist are often associated with:

A) transference.
B) working through.
C) interpretation.
D) countertransference.

Question 59

According to Freud, consciousness is the largest part of a person's psychological functioning.

Question 60

The ego is the original structure of personality.

Question 61

Psychodynamic group leaders do not interpret their client's transferences.

Question 62

The relational model of psychoanalysis downplays the role of countertransference.

Question 63

The Oedipal complex and the Electra complex are associated with the genital stage of development.

Question 64

Analytic therapists view transference as a factor that results from ineffective intervention on the therapist's part.

Question 65

Brief psychodynamic therapists tend to assume an active role in the therapy process.

Question 66

The latency stage occurs between the ages of 5 to 12.

Question 67

Brief psychodynamic therapies target specific interpersonal problems during the initial session.

Question 68

Typically, analytically oriented therapists assume an anonymous stance, which is sometimes called the 'blank screen' approach, as a necessary way to foster transference.

Question 69

Free association is one of the basic tools used to gain access to the unconscious.

Question 70

Analytically oriented therapists typically interpret free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences.

Question 71

The analysis of transference is a central technique in psychoanalysis.

Question 72

The relational model of psychoanalysis regards therapy as an interactive process between the client and therapist.

Question 73

Clients in analytic therapy typically free associate to various symbols in their dreams.

Question 74

In psychodynamic group work, symbolic figures from a client's past may emerge.

Question 75

Psychoanalysis provides therapists with a conceptual framework for looking at behaviour and understanding the origins and functions of present symptoms.

Question 76

The working-through process consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material and defences, most of which originated in early childhood.

Question 77

The psychoanalytic approach provides practitioners with a framework for understanding the origins and functions of symptoms.

Question 78

Resistance, in the analytic view, results from either a conscious unwillingness on the part of the client to cooperate, or from the inability of the therapist to develop a sound therapeutic programme.