Deck 9: Behaviour Therapy

Question 1

Michael believes that he will be able to improve his public speaking skills if he joins the debating club at school. Based on social-cognitive theory, one might observe that Michael is not lacking in:

A) arrogance.
B) intelligence.
C) self-efficacy.
D) cognitive functioning.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which statement is not true?

A) Because cognitive factors have a place in the practice of behaviour therapy, techniques from this approach can be used to attain humanistic ends.
B) Contemporary behaviour therapy is grounded on a scientific view of human behaviour.
C) Behavioural methods can be applied to a diverse client population.
D) Contemporary behaviour therapy is increasingly concerned with therapists' behavioural control.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is not true about how behaviour therapists function in the therapeutic setting?

A) They use techniques such as summarising, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questioning.
B) They focus on using a variety of techniques in narrowly treating specific behavioural problems.
C) They complete a formal assessment prior to treatment to determine behaviours that are targets for change.
D) They serve as a model for the client and do not require behavioural change in the client.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Behaviour therapy assumes that:

A) behaviour is the result of unconscious forces.
B) behaviour is the result of free choices.
C) behaviour is determined by psychic energy.
D) behaviour is learned.

Question 5

Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behaviour therapy?

A) The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals.
B) The relationship is considered collaborative.
C) Therapist and client work together in a warm and flexible manner.
D) The therapeutic relationship is an important factor in treatment outcomes.

Question 6

What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change programme?

A) Exploration of one's family constellation
B) Selecting goals
C) Self-monitoring
D) A self-reinforcement system

Question 7

Philani has been in behaviour therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until:

A) Philani transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear.
C) Philani has absolutely no fear of heights, which may be measured by his willingness to move to one of the top floors of a tall building.
D) Philani acknowledges his fear.

Question 8

Behaviour therapy is based on:

A) an experimental analysis of behaviour in the client's own social environment.
B) a systematic set of concepts.
C) a well-developed theory of personality.
D) the principle of self-actualisation.

Question 9

Who has done most of the work in the area of modelling?

A) Joseph Wolpe
B) Hans Eysenck
C) E. Jacobson
D) Albert Bandura

Question 10

B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioural approach?

A) Classical conditioning
B) Operant conditioning
C) Multimodal therapy
D) Dialectical behaviour therapy

Question 11

Behaviour therapy is associated with all but one of the following:

A) empirically supported treatments.
B) functional analysis of behaviour.
C) a philosophical view of human behaviour.
D) a comprehensive assessment process.

Question 12

Which of the following is not true regarding behaviour therapy?

A) The client must be an active participant.
B) The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.
C) If clients are not involved or motivated, there is not much chance that therapy will be successful.
D) Both therapist and client need to work together for common goals.

Question 13

All of the following are functions of the behaviour therapist, except:

A) to provide modelling for the client.
B) to provide a direct and therapist run therapeutic environment.
C) to assess specific behaviour problems.
D) to provide reinforcement for clients.

Question 14

Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behaviour therapy?

A) Dialectical behaviour therapy
B) Relaxation training
C) Acceptance and commitment therapy
D) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

Question 15

Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences?

A) Assertive training
B) Operant conditioning
C) Systematic desensitisation
D) Social reinforcement

Question 16

All of the following are true about social skills training except:

A) it is a psychoeducational approach to interpersonal growth.
B) it involves modelling and direct instruction and coaching.
C) it uses role-playing exercises to simulate social situations.
D) it requires clients to engage in catharsis.

Question 17

Behaviour therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviours and help clients produce behaviour change by changing environmental events, through a process called:

A) functional assessment.
B) motivational interviewing.
C) mindfulness-based stress reduction.
D) reorientation.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behaviour therapy?

A) Treatment goals are specific and concrete.
B) It is grounded in learning theory.
C) Many specific techniques are supported by research.
D) The therapist is manipulative and controlling.

Question 19

The general goals of behaviour therapy are:

A) fostering self-actualisation.
B) expanding self-understanding and insight.
C) assisting clients in making value judgments concerning their behaviour.
D) increasing personal choice and creating new conditions for learning.

Question 20

In the ABC model, the A stands for:

A) arbitrary behaviours.
B) antecedents.
C) actions.
D) assessment.

Question 21

All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitisation except for:

A) hypnosis.
B) relaxation training.
C) the development of an anxiety hierarchy.
D) psychoeducation.

Question 22

is a key pioneer of clinical behaviour therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy.

A) Albert Bandura
B) Joseph Wolpe
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Arnold Lazarus

Question 23

The situation in which behaviours are influenced mainly by the consequences that follow them is:

A) classical conditioning.
B) operant conditioning.
C) modelling.
D) flooding.

Question 24

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy MBCT) integrates techniques from:

A) multimodal therapy and mindfulness.
B) mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behaviour therapy.
C) motivational interviewing and mindfulness.
D) yoga, systematic desensitisation, and mindfulness.

Question 25

In vivo flooding consists of:

A) brief and graduated series of exposures to feared events.
B) exposure to actual anxiety-evoking events rather than simply imagining these situations.
C) imagined exposure to fearful experiences paired with muscle relaxation.
D) guided use of mindfulness techniques.

Question 26

involves the escape from or the avoidance of unpleasant stimuli.

A) Negative reinforcement
B) Positive reinforcement
C) Punishment
D) Systematic desensitisation

Question 27

All of the following are characteristics of the behavioural approaches except:

A) behaviour therapy relies on the principles and procedures of the scientific method.
B) behaviour therapy specifies treatment goals in concrete and objective terms.
C) behaviour therapy focuses on the client's current problems and the factors influencing them.
D) behaviour therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behaviour.

Question 28

In terms of ethical accountability, behaviour therapy:

A) does not address this issue.
B) is ethically neutral in that it does not dictate whose behaviour or what behaviour should be changed.
C) offers a greater chance of abusing interventions than do other approaches.
D) makes use of techniques that have questionable validity.

Question 29

Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is based on:

A) cognitive behaviour therapy.
B) social cognitive learning theory.
C) applied behaviour analysis.
D) operant conditioning.

Question 30

In dialectical behaviour therapy DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among the following is not one of the modules listed in the text?

A) Mindfulness
B) Interpersonal effectiveness
C) Emotional regulation
D) Relapse prevention

Question 31

Which of the following is the difference between the cognitive trend in behaviour therapy and the trends of classical and operant conditioning?

A) A focus on experimental analysis
B) A focus on evaluating therapeutic procedures
C) Developing procedures that give control to clients and thus increase their range of freedom
D) The integration of mindfulness approaches as a basic part of any treatment procedure

Question 32

Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but:

A) yoga.
B) flooding.
C) body scan meditation.
D) formal and informal meditation.

Question 33

Which of the following behaviour therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model, doing much work on observational learning and modelling, and writing about self- efficacy?

A) Bandura
B) Linehan
C) Wolpe
D) Jacobson

Question 34

Behaviour therapy has been criticised for a variety of reasons. Which of the following is a criticism listed in the book?

A) Behaviour therapy has an overemphasis on feeling and the neglect of cognition.
B) Behaviour therapy has an overemphasis upon insight.
C) Behaviour therapy may change behaviours, but it does not change feelings.
D) Behaviour therapy has a need for long-term treatment to effect change.

Question 35

Which of the following is true about 'technical eclecticism' in multimodal therapy?

A) Therapists borrow techniques exclusively from the social learning model.
B) Therapists use techniques from a variety of theories to a wide range of problems.
C) The client is fit into a predetermined treatment.
D) It is considered confusing to the client.

Question 36

During the 1980s, behaviour therapy:

A) continued without growing.
B) was characterised by a search for new horizons in concepts and methods that went beyond traditional learning theory.
C) adopted a stronger medical perspective.
D) realised applying behaviour therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness would not be beneficial.

Question 37

Wolpe's systematic desensitisation is based on the principles of:

A) classical conditioning.
B) operant conditioning.
C) modelling.
D) motivational interviewing.

Question 38

Mindfulness is:

A) the awareness that emerges through having attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally, to the unfolding or experience moment by moment.
B) the assessment process in multimodal therapy.
C) under the idea that change can be brought about by teaching people to use coping skills in problematic situations.
D) not beneficial for clients with behavioural problems.

Question 39

is a comprehensive, systematic, holistic approach to behaviour therapy developed by the late Arnold Lazarus.

A) Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
B) Social skills training
C) Self-management
D) Multimodal therapy

Question 40

Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure.

Question 41

Behaviour therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.

Question 42

A behaviour therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of obtaining important information related to the client's problem.

Question 43

Dialectical behaviour therapy requires both individual and group treatment.

Question 44

A trend in contemporary behaviour therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking in behaviour.

Question 45

In regards to third-generation behaviour therapies, one of the core themes is creating a life worth living.

Question 46

The third generation or 'third wave') of behaviour therapy emphasises considerations that were considered off limits for behaviour therapists until recently.

Question 47

Dialectical behaviour therapy integrates behavioural techniques with psychoanalytic concepts and mindfulness training of Eastern psychological and spiritual practices.

Question 48

Systematic desensitisation typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.

Question 49

In mindfulness practice, clients train themselves to intentionally focus on their 'past experience with acceptance'.

Question 50

Behaviour therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic pain.

Question 51

Modelling is a form of systematic desensitisation.

Question 52

Albert Bandura is directly responsible for promoting the 'third wave' of behaviour therapy.

Question 53

Behaviour therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behaviour change to
occur.

Question 54

Modelling methods have been used in treating people with anger management issues and in teaching new behaviours to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 55

A criticism of behaviour therapy is that it treats symptoms rather than causes problems.

Question 56

Third-generation behaviour therapies centre around five interrelated core themes.

Question 57

There is no place for the role of thinking process and attitudes in contemporary behaviour therapy.

Question 58

Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one's thoughts.

Question 59

Evidence-based therapies are a characteristic of both behaviour therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy.

Question 60

Through mindfulness exercises, veterans may be better able to observe repetitive negative thinking and prevent extensive engagement with maladaptive thought processes.

Question 61

Behaviour therapy groups use a long-term treatment model.

Question 62

Many therapeutic approaches are incorporating mindfulness and meditation, as well as other contemplative practices, in the counselling process.

Question 63

Acceptance and commitment therapy is an example of a mindfulness-based approach.

Question 64

There is little empirical support for acceptance and commitment therapy ACT).

Question 65

Progressive muscle relaxation has become increasingly popular as a method of teaching people to cope with stresses produced by daily living.

Question 66

In acceptance and commitment therapy, values are a basic part; however, the work does not depend on what an individual wants and values.

Question 67

Mindfulness shows promise across a broad range of clinical problems, including the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, relationship problems, substance abuse, and psychophysiological disorders.

Question 68

Acceptance is one of the third generation behaviour therapies' five interrelated core themes.

Question 69

Behaviour therapy practitioners focus on directly observable behaviour, current determinants of behaviour, learning experiences that promote change, tailoring treatment strategies to individual clients, and rigorous assessment and evaluation.