Deck 8: Human Population

Question 1

IPAT stands for .

A)Industry, People, Attitude, and Teaching
B)Impact, People, Affluence, and Technology
C)Industry, Population, Attitude, and Teaching
D)Impact, Population, Attitude, and Technology
E)Impact, Population, Affluence, and Technology

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Replacement fertility .

A)restores population size after a catastrophic event
B)is below 2 in Latin America and the Caribbean
C)is equal to 2.1 in stable populations
D)is below 2 in Africa
E)is a contraceptive technique

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Population growth is at the root of many serious environmental problems. From the ancient Babylonians thousands of years ago, to Thomas Malthus hundreds of years ago, to present day neo- Malthusians, humans seem to possess an awareness of Earth's limitations in the face of growing populations. Today, our ability to accurately quantify, monitor, and control population growth is very sophisticated. We can measure growth and make predictions about world growth with mathematical and computer models. Can we prevent disaster?
Aside from contraception, what can humans do to control population growth's negative effects on the environment?

A)discourage emigration from Africa
B)discourage population movement into sensitive environmental areas
C)encourage smaller households
D)encourage consumption
E)encourage emigration from Africa

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If global fertility rates remain at 2005- 2010 levels, the United Nations predicts that world population will be approximately billion in 2050.

A)7
B)11
C)10
D)4
E)5

Question 5

is the world's most populous nation, home to of the people living on Earth.

A)China; half
B)India; one- third
C)China; one- fifth
D)The United States; half
E)The United States; one- fifth

Question 6

According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish _ .

A)decreases environmental impact
B)increases population
C)increases environmental impact
D)decreases sensitivity
E)increases sensitivity

Question 7

According to the IPAT model, which of the following would most likely reduce the environmental impact of a society?

A)construction of industrial plants by wealthy nations to draw on cheaper labor
B)the discovery of large reserves of fossil fuels within a nation's borders
C)increased use of electricity and natural gas by most members of a society
D)providing developing countries with the technologies needed for manufacturing automobiles
E)greater use of birth control by most members of a society

Question 8

In the demographic transition model, the highest population growth rate in a country is likely to occur during .

A)stage 1, the preindustrial stage
B)stage 2, the transitional stage
C)stage 3, the industrial stage
D)stage 4, the postindustrial stage
E)stage 5, the stability transition stage

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the world's top five most populous nations?

A)United States
B)Indonesia
C)India
D)Brazil
E)Vietnam

Question 10

The current global human population is approximately .

A)7 billion
B)1)5 million
C)1)5 billion
D)7 million
E)10 billion

Question 11

Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in China?

A)There is minimal governmental financial support for birth control for all couples.
B)Increasing child survival, elevated status and employment levels for women, and increased literacy in the general population has decreased fertility rates.
C)A one- child policy that is enforced through taxation and penalties has successfully controlled population growth.
D)A one- child policy that requires all women to work and education for all has decreased fertility rates.
E)Changing public attitudes about family size through communication, education, counseling, and contraceptives has reduced the population growth rates.

Question 12

Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Population growth is at the root of many serious environmental problems. From the ancient Babylonians thousands of years ago, to Thomas Malthus hundreds of years ago, to present day neo- Malthusians, humans seem to possess an awareness of Earth's limitations in the face of growing populations. Today, our ability to accurately quantify, monitor, and control population growth is very sophisticated. We can measure growth and make predictions about world growth with mathematical and computer models. Can we prevent disaster?
If there is , a country's population growth rate will increase.

A)increased emigration
B)increased immigration
C)increased urbanization
D)decreased immigration
E)increased industrialization

Question 13

The transitional stage in Frank Notestein's demographic model is initiated by .

A)resource depletion
B)epidemics
C)the increased use of contraceptives
D)government intervention
E)industrialization

Question 14

Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Population growth is at the root of many serious environmental problems. From the ancient Babylonians thousands of years ago, to Thomas Malthus hundreds of years ago, to present day neo- Malthusians, humans seem to possess an awareness of Earth's limitations in the face of growing populations. Today, our ability to accurately quantify, monitor, and control population growth is very sophisticated. We can measure growth and make predictions about world growth with mathematical and computer models. Can we prevent disaster?
Because of the success of China's population control programs, .

A)there is a younger population in China today
B)China's population growth rate has dropped below replacement levels
C)European nations have instituted similar programs
D)environmental problems in China have been virtually eliminated
E)African nations have instituted similar programs

Question 15

Helmut Haberl and colleagues have compiled data on as a measure of how human population growth impacts Earth's natural resources and ecosystem services.

A)invasive exotic species
B)consumption of net primary productivity
C)loss of biodiversity, especially pollinators
D)industrial pollution
E)water quality

Question 16

A population that is not growing will have a TFR of .

A)2)1 or lower
B)1)2
C)less than 1.0
D)zero
E)2 or higher

Question 17

A high birth rate coupled with a declining death rate resulting from increased food production and improved medical care is characteristic of the stage of the demographic transition model.

A)revolutionary
B)stabilization
C)preindustrial
D)postindustrial
E)transitional

Question 18

The "sensitivity factor" in the model used to represent human environmental impact denotes .

A)the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures
B)human sensitivity to what needs to be done to protect the environment
C)the sensitivity of governments to carrying capacity demands
D)the sensitivity of endangered species to human population infringement
E)economic sensitivity to resource use

Question 19

Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in .

A)developed countries
B)Europe
C)developing countries
D)North America
E)currently uninhabited areas such as Antarctica

Question 20

Malthus was responsible for .

A)the idea that population growth would lead to greater industry and prosperity
B)defining the concept of ecosystem services
C)the idea that without social restrictions, human population growth would lead to famine and war
D)recognizing the demographic transition effect in developing nations
E)the book The Population Bomb, which described the disastrous effects of human population growth

Question 21

The world population growth rate is currently at approximately %.

A)10
B)5
C)2)5
D)1)2
E)20

Question 22

The 1994 Cairo, Egypt, conference was organized _ .

A)by President Clinton to seek world funding for family-planning initiatives
B)to reevaluate the effectiveness of China's one- child policy
C)to urge governments to better address social issues such as poverty, disease, and lack of education as potential sources of population problems
D)to address the growing AIDS epidemic in Africa
E)to lower the world's population to preset targets by advocating the use of contraceptives

Question 23

Match the following.

A)China
B)Burkina- Faso
C)Russia
D)Latin America and the Caribbean
E)Europe
F)Great Britain
G)Paul R. Ehrlich
H)United States
I)Africa
J)India
Author of The Population Bomb

Question 24

Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Population growth is at the root of many serious environmental problems. From the ancient Babylonians thousands of years ago, to Thomas Malthus hundreds of years ago, to present day neo- Malthusians, humans seem to possess an awareness of Earth's limitations in the face of growing populations. Today, our ability to accurately quantify, monitor, and control population growth is very sophisticated. We can measure growth and make predictions about world growth with mathematical and computer models. Can we prevent disaster?
If a population roughly doubles in the course of 50 years, its growth rate would be close to %.

A)10
B)1)4
C)25
D)20
E)5

Question 25

Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Population growth is at the root of many serious environmental problems. From the ancient Babylonians thousands of years ago, to Thomas Malthus hundreds of years ago, to present day neo- Malthusians, humans seem to possess an awareness of Earth's limitations in the face of growing populations. Today, our ability to accurately quantify, monitor, and control population growth is very sophisticated. We can measure growth and make predictions about world growth with mathematical and computer models. Can we prevent disaster?
Despite dire predictions in the past, humans still inhabit Earth. Some economists would argue that this is because .

A)technological developments have alleviated some of the strain on Earth's resources
B)space exploration has revealed new frontiers
C)Malthus overestimated the Earth's environmental sensitivity
D)world population growth has been slower than expected
E)Malthus's measurements were inaccurate

Question 26

Life expectancy in parts of southern Africa .

A)is on the rise
B)has fallen dramatically since 1990
C)is starting to fall
D)cannot be determined due to lack of adequate methods for data collection
E)has stabilized due to population control

Question 27

Match the following.

A)China
B)Burkina- Faso
C)Russia
D)Latin America and the Caribbean
E)Europe
F)Great Britain
G)Paul R. Ehrlich
H)United States
I)Africa
J)India
TFR of 2.2 in this region

Question 28

The term demographic transition refers to .

A)a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable
B)the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches it biocapacity
C)the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates, occurring as a country economically develops
D)the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity
E)the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred because sanitation levels in areas improved

Question 29

A graph of world population growth over the past 500 years most closely resembled the letter .

A)S
B)U
C)J
D)M
E)K

Question 30

The richest one- fifth of the world's population possesses approximately _ times the income of the poorest one- fifth, and the richest one- fifth uses over 86% of the world's resources.

A)20
B)40
C)80
D)10
E)60

Question 31

Zero population growth can be achieved in a population when .

A)carrying capacity is larger than ecological footprint
B)birth rate equals death rate, and there is no migration
C)ecological footprints are larger than carrying capacity
D)the approach is having as many children in the first five years of marriage
E)total fertility rate exceeds the average replacement rate

Question 32

Which of the following factors drives TFR down?

A)poverty
B)social and economic security
C)high infant mortality
D)rural lifestyle
E)history and tradition

Question 33

Demographically speaking, the effects of AIDS are most significant because .

A)it is caused by a virus
B)it is not known who is resistant to AIDS
C)AIDS sickens and kills the youngest and most productive members of society
D)AIDS leaves behind orphans
E)AIDS strikes affluent people more than poor people

Question 34

The Cornucopian view held by many economists suggests that resource depletion due to greater numbers of people .

A)is not a problem because humans are too intelligent to allow it to be
B)is not a problem because disease will limit population size
C)is not a problem if new resources can be found to replace depleted ones
D)will cause a population crash
E)will lead to natural selection of the most fit individuals

Question 35

Recent research suggests that has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in Brazil over the past several decades.

A)soap operas
B)exposure to environmental estrogens
C)laws preventing women from having more than one child
D)AIDS and malaria
E)legalization of abortions

Question 36

The annual global growth rate of the human population peaked in the and has been declining ever since.

A)early 1900s
B)1960s
C)1950s
D)1990s
E)year 2000

Question 37

Diminishing population growth rates in poor countries can be partially attributed to .

A)valuing the birth of a son
B)illness in infants
C)the education of women
D)economic disasters
E)reproducing beyond replacement fertility

Question 38

Which of the following best describes the human population from early times to the present?

A)early rapid growth which has increased rapidly in the last 20 years
B)early rapid growth which has leveled off to a nearly constant rate in the last 20 years
C)slow, steady growth throughout the period
D)rapid, explosive growth throughout the period
E)slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth

Question 39

Not surprisingly, the nation with the highest rate of contraceptive use (84%)is .

A)New Zealand
B)Australia
C)China
D)United States
E)South Africa

Question 40

The most serious problem caused by population growth is .

A)crowding
B)too few jobs
C)lack of farmland to meet food needs
D)increasing demand for resources
E)inefficient food transportation

Question 41

Briefly explain why Helmut Haberl's research group in Austria selected to measure the percent harvest of net primary productivity as an indicator of human population growth on the surrounding environment.

Question 42

Match the following.

A)China
B)Burkina- Faso
C)Russia
D)Latin America and the Caribbean
E)Europe
F)Great Britain
G)Paul R. Ehrlich
H)United States
I)Africa
J)India
Approximately 120 boys born for every 100 girls born in this country

Question 43

What is a demographic transition? What are its four stages? State why each stage is important and what the consequence is for population growth. Do all countries go through the demographic transition?

Question 44

Explain human population growth in terms of carrying capacity. How does this differ from organisms that exist in natural ecosystems? Explain how population growth for human populations is a problem.

Question 45

Match the following.

A)China
B)Burkina- Faso
C)Russia
D)Latin America and the Caribbean
E)Europe
F)Great Britain
G)Paul R. Ehrlich
H)United States
I)Africa
J)India
Region hit hardest by the HIV/AIDS epidemic

Question 46

Why did China institute a population control policy? How is it enforced? Why is it controversial?

Question 47

What social challenges are posed by a pyramid-shaped versus an inverted pyramid- shaped age structure diagram?

Question 48

Why do environmentalists such as Paul Ehrlich view unchecked population growth as a problem?

Question 49

Match the following.

A)China
B)Burkina- Faso
C)Russia
D)Latin America and the Caribbean
E)Europe
F)Great Britain
G)Paul R. Ehrlich
H)United States
I)Africa
J)India
Briefly explain how the status of women affects population growth.

Question 50

Match the following.

A)China
B)Burkina- Faso
C)Russia
D)Latin America and the Caribbean
E)Europe
F)Great Britain
G)Paul R. Ehrlich
H)United States
I)Africa
J)India
What three- factor model is used for representing the impact on environment? What is a fourth factor that could be added to this? Give a simple explanation for each factor and describe what it means in terms of human impacts on the environment.

Question 51

The total fertility rate among Italian women in 2010 was 1.4, whereas it was nearly 4.5 for women in the African country of Ivory Coast. What do these numbers mean? How are they likely to relate to the actual number of children per woman in each country and why? How are they likely to change in the future?

Question 52

Match the following.

A)China
B)Burkina- Faso
C)Russia
D)Latin America and the Caribbean
E)Europe
F)Great Britain
G)Paul R. Ehrlich
H)United States
I)Africa
J)India
Second most populous nation on Earth

Question 53

What specific population characteristics do demographers study? Why is it important to study these things?

Question 54

Match the following.

A)China
B)Burkina- Faso
C)Russia
D)Latin America and the Caribbean
E)Europe
F)Great Britain
G)Paul R. Ehrlich
H)United States
I)Africa
J)India
Define ecological footprint and differentiate between the ecological footprint of a developing country and that of the United States. Support or challenge the following statement: "The population problem does not lie entirely with the developing world."

Question 55

How does poverty and affluence affect the environment?