Deck 7: Vitamins

Question 1

Which of the following vitamins is light sensitive and abundant in milk?

A) alpha- tocopherol
B) riboflavin
C) vitamin C
D) thiamin

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements about xerophthalmia is correct?

A) It mainly affects the gallbladder.
B) It can result from the consumption of too many carrots.
C) It is defined as permanent damage to the cornea resulting from a vitamin A deficiency.
D) It often results from an overdose of vitamin A.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

plays a role in breaking down alcohol in the body.

A) Niacin
B) Folate
C) Riboflavin
D) Thiamin

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Thiamin deficiency results in which of the following conditions?

A) scurvy
B) pellagra
C) beriberi
D) rickets

Question 5

Which of the following actions is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold?

A) consuming the herb Echinacea
B) taking vitamin C supplements
C) frequent hand- washing with soap and water
D) avoiding outside activities on very cold days

Question 6

Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is false?

A) Its naturally occurring form is found only in foods from animal sources.
B) When it is deficient in the diet, pernicious anemia may result.
C) For its absorption to occur, intrinsic factor is required.
D) The body's ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age.

Question 7

Foods that have had nutrients added to them are designated as foods.

A) fortified
B) adulterated
C) refined
D) supplemented

Question 8

Which of the following substances is not an antioxidant?

A) biotin
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin C
D) beta- carotene

Question 9

Vitamin K has a role

A) in the production of the proteins rhodopsin and iodopsin.
B) as an anticoagulant.
C) in the synthesis of collagen.
D) in enabling osteocalcin to bind with calcium in bones.

Question 10

The condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy is called

A) age- related macular degeneration.
B) a cataract.
C) marasmus.
D) glaucoma.

Question 11

boosts the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells.

A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin A

Question 12

are naturally occurring plant compounds that act as antioxidants and give fruits and vegetables their vibrant colors.

A) Fat- soluble vitamins
B) Free radicals
C) Antioxidants
D) Phytochemicals

Question 13

Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by your body?

A) biotin
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin D

Question 14

Vitamin C is also known as acid.

A) nicotinic
B) folic
C) ascorbic
D) pantothenic

Question 15

Which of the following vitamins is important in a woman's diet before she conceives a baby?

A) folate
B) pantothenic acid
C) vitamin D
D) riboflavin

Question 16

Which of the following vitamins has been shown to beneficially alter the serum levels of triglycerides?

A) vitamin C
B) thiamin
C) niacin
D) vitamin B

Question 17

According to a study conducted by the National Eye Institute, which of the following lists of supplements may lower the risk of age- related macular degeneration?

A) vitamin D, vitamin K, and niacin
B) vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta- carotene
C) pantothenic acid, biotin, and thiamin
D) choline, carnitine, and inositol

Question 18

Pellagra is a condition associated with a deficiency of which vitamin?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin B3
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin B2

Question 19

The signs and symptoms of _ include dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea.

A) pellagra
B) anemia
C) beriberi
D) rickets

Question 20

The disease resulting from vitamin C deficiency is called

A) beriberi.
B) hemochromatosis.
C) scurvy.
D) rickets.

Question 21

Vitamin C helps the body absorb from plant foods such as grains and cereals.

A) calories
B) calcium
C) protein
D) iron

Question 22

Which of the following factors is not responsible for the increase in cases of rickets in the United States?

A) scarcity of outdoor activities
B) consumption of low- fat milk
C) increased use of sunscreens
D) air pollution

Question 23

and vitamin B12 are B vitamins needed for keeping red blood cells healthy.

A) Thiamin
B) Niacin
C) Vitamin B6
D) Folate

Question 24

Which of the following substances is a form of naturally occurring vitamin E?

A) alpha- tocopherol
B) pantothenic acid
C) beta- carotene
D) riboflavin

Question 25

Which of the following conditions is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children?

A) beriberi
B) osteoporosis
C) osteomalacia
D) rickets

Question 26

Excessive amounts of water- soluble vitamins are often excreted in

A) the feces.
B) urine.
C) the blood.
D) mucus.

Question 27

Which of the following people might not benefit from a vitamin supplement?

A) individuals who regularly eat fortified foods
B) strict vegetarians
C) individuals who don't drink milk or go out in the sun
D) women of childbearing age

Question 28

Which of the following conditions will not destroy the vitamin content of foods?

A) air
B) cold
C) heat
D) water

Question 29

At which sites is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form?

A) in the liver and then in the gallbladder
B) in the stomach and then in the small intestine
C) in the blood and then in the skin
D) in the liver and then in the kidneys

Question 30

is a vitamin- like substance that is abundant in foods from animal sources and is needed to properly utilize fat.

A) Lipoic acid
B) Carnitine
C) Inositol
D) Choline

Question 31

Which of the following vitamins is transported in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids?

A) niacin
B) vitamin A
C) riboflavin
D) vitamin C

Question 32

Which of the following organizations sets purity and reliability standards for dietary supplements?

A) USDA
B) USP
C) FDA
D) ADA

Question 33

Folate can be found in the highest levels in which of the following foods?

A) oranges
B) asparagus
C) beans
D) meat

Question 34

Individuals who cannot produce intrinsic factor and thus cannot absorb vitamin B12 may develop _ anemia.

A) sickle cell
B) pernicious
C) aplastic
D) macrocytic

Question 35

Oxygen- containing molecules that can damage cells and possibly contribute to the increased risk of certain chronic diseases are called

A) supplements.
B) antioxidants.
C) free radicals.
D) phytochemicals.

Question 36

Which of the following vitamins is essential for blood clotting?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin K

Question 37

Which of the following conditions is not caused by a vitamin D deficiency?

A) scurvy
B) osteomalacia
C) rickets
D) osteoporosis

Question 38

The body can synthesize _ from the amino acid tryptophan.

A) riboflavin
B) folate
C) thiamin
D) niacin

Question 39

Vitamin B6 is a collective name for several related compounds, including

A) folic acid.
B) choline.
C) cobalamin.
D) pyridoxine.

Question 40

Which of the following vitamins helps bone health by regulating calcium and phosphorus?

A) choline
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin D

Question 41

Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta- carotene act as , which may reduce the risk of heart disease, cancer, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease.

A) anticoagulants
B) provitamins
C) free radicals
D) antioxidants

Question 42

When the B vitamins help numerous enzymes produce reactions within cells, they are acting as

A) coenzymes.
B) hormones.
C) antioxidants.
D) anticoagulants.

Question 43

Which of the following vitamins has been shown to reduce the risk of certain cancers, especially colon cancer?

A) thiamin
B) folate
C) alpha- tocopherol
D) vitamin C

Question 44

The disease that occurs in humans who have a thiamin deficiency is called beriberi.

Question 45

A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in rickets.

Question 46

Excessive amounts of vitamin E in the body increase the risk of hemorrhage.

Question 47

Prolonged heat from cooking will destroy water- soluble vitamins.

Question 48

The phytochemical anthocyanin is found in

A) bananas.
B) broccoli.
C) barley.
D) beets.

Question 49

One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is by drinking fortified milk.

Question 50

Carotenodermia is a life- threatening toxic reaction to the overconsumption of vitamin A.

Question 51

Naturally occurring vitamin B12 is found in which of the following foods?

A) oranges
B) eggs
C) cantaloupe
D) peanuts

Question 52

Vitamin K is a component of two light- sensitive proteins that are essential for vision.

Question 53

Vitamin C is needed to make hemoglobin, the most abundant protein in the human body.

Question 54

Which of the following vitamins is involved in breaking down homocysteine in the blood?

A) folate
B) vitamin D
C) niacin
D) thiamin

Question 55

Vitamin C is necessary for which of the following processes?

A) collagen production
B) blood clotting
C) vitamin B₁₂ synthesis
D) bone growth

Question 56

Ascorbic acid acts as a coenzyme and is needed for the production of

A) hemoglobin.
B) collagen.
C) glycogen.
D) osteocalcin.

Question 57

To produce vitamin D from sunlight, individuals with dark skin require a shorter period of sun exposure than people with lighter skin.

Question 58

A diet that contains too much niacin may result in pellagra.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about vitamins is incorrect?

A) They are tasteless.
B) They provide energy.
C) They are organic compounds.
D) They are needed for growth.

Question 60

Pernicious anemia occurs when there is a deficiency of which vitamin?

A) B12
B) B5
C) B6
D) B2

Question 61

Nerve damage caused by pernicious anemia, if diagnosed early enough, can be reversed with treatments of vitamin B12.

Question 62

Large amounts of vitamin B6 taken through supplements may be associated with nerve damage.

Question 63

One of the best ways to reduce your chances of catching a cold is to take vitamin C supplements.

Question 64

Cutting vegetables and fruits hours before eating them will have no effect on their vitamin content.

Question 65

Consuming too much niacin can cause flushing of the skin.

Question 66

Using retinoids during pregnancy can cause birth defects.

Question 67

A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia.

Question 68

The water- soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin E.

Question 69

A diet deficient in vitamin C can result in macrocytic anemia.

Question 70

A diet deficient in vitamin B6 can result in pernicious anemia.

Question 71

Vitamin D helps maintain calcium balance in the blood.

Question 72

Vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme with more than 100 enzymes involved in the metabolism of proteins.

Question 73

Vitamins do not provide energy.

Question 74

Protein- rich foods are good sources of tryptophan and thus of thiamin.

Question 75

Vitamin K is an important anticoagulant.

Question 76

Biotin plays a part in DNA formation.

Question 77

Overconsumption of fat- soluble vitamins is more likely to be toxic than overconsumption of water- soluble vitamins.

Question 78

The most usable form of vitamin A is retinoic acid.

Question 79

The adult equivalent of rickets is called osteomalacia.

Question 80

A diet deficient in vitamin D can result in osteomalacia.