Deck 1: What Is Nutrition

Question 1

Which of the following does nutritional genomics study?

A) the precise amount of micronutrients the body needs
B) the protein content of an individual
C) how certain nutrients affect an individual's gene expression
D) the genetic sequence of an individual's genome

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Americans need to consume more

A) meat and refined grains.
B) oils and fewer vegetables.
C) meat and saltier foods.
D) fruits and vegetables.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The group given a specific treatment during an experiment is called the

A) experimental group.
B) control group.
C) double- blind group.
D) blind group.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the energy- providing nutrients?

A) Most of your daily calories should come from protein.
B) The energy nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
C) The energy nutrients are all organic.
D) The amount of calories you need daily is based on your age, gender, and activity level.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a function of water in the body?

A) helps maintain body temperature
B) helps transport nutrients and oxygen
C) functions as a coenzyme
D) lubricates joints

Question 6

Which of the following statements about supplements is false?

A) People with dietary restrictions or greater nutrient needs could benefit from taking supplements.
B) Supplements always produce the same positive health effects as those gained by eating foods.
C) A pregnant woman might benefit from taking an iron supplement.
D) A well- balanced diet will meet the nutrient needs of many people.

Question 7

When obtaining information on the Internet, which ending for a URL is probably less reliable than the others?

A) )com
B) )gov
C) )edu
D) They are all equally reliable.

Question 8

Which of the following foods contains phytochemicals?

A) carrots
B) salmon
C) eggs
D) skim milk

Question 9

The scientific method is

A) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.
B) research in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which group received the treatment and which group received a placebo.
C) a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings.
D) research involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a reason why a food becomes a favorite?

A) food trends
B) convenience
C) culture
D) food color

Question 11

Lentils are a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups?

A) Indian
B) Mexican
C) Native American
D) Alaskan

Question 12

What percentage of American adults are considered obese?

A) 65 percent
B) 42 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 35 percent

Question 13

If a scientist wants to design an experiment to measure the effect of vitamin C on colds, which of the following would be an appropriate placebo?

A) half the recommended daily amount of vitamin C
B) the recommended daily amount of vitamin C
C) the recommended daily amount of vitamin D
D) a sugar pill that does not contain vitamin C

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the essential nutrients?

A) minerals
B) water
C) alcohol
D) fats

Question 15

Which of the following is the first step of the scientific method?

A) Observe and ask a question.
B) Formulate a hypothesis.
C) Revise the hypothesis.
D) Conduct an experiment.

Question 16

Which nutrient is so vital to health that you wouldn't live more than a few days without it?

A) water
B) vitamins
C) minerals
D) protein

Question 17

Which nutrient class supplies glucose as the major source of energy for the body?

A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids
D) vitamins

Question 18

A hypothesis is

A) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.
B) a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings.
C) research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes.
D) research involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment.

Question 19

Which of the following is not true about phytochemicals?

A) They are nonnutritive compounds.
B) They are essential nutrients.
C) They have disease- fighting properties.
D) They come from plant foods.

Question 20

Jim wants to improve his health and would like a professional to help him with his diet. Which of the following people would be the best person to help Jim?

A) a trainer at the gym
B) a registered nurse
C) a registered dietitian nutritionist
D) a nutritionist

Question 21

Mutton is a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups?

A) Alaskan
B) Indian
C) Native American
D) Chinese

Question 22

Josephine is one of 20 participants in a clinical trial for a new weight loss drug. If Josephine receives a placebo rather than the actual drug, to which group does Josephine belong?

A) experimental group
B) control group
C) epidemiological group
D) hypothesis group

Question 23

Fish is most likely to be a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups?

A) Alaskan
B) Indian
C) Chinese
D) Native American

Question 24

Jane is sitting in the library, cramming for a nutrition test. She has eaten a plate full of brownies and is now ordering a pizza. Which of the following factors is probably affecting the way Jane is eating?

A) cost
B) culture
C) advertising
D) emotions

Question 25

Rice is a staple in the diet of which of the following ethnic groups?

A) Native American
B) Mexican
C) Alaskan
D) Chinese

Question 26

Which nutrient class is used to build body tissues and make enzymes?

A) vitamins
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids
D) proteins

Question 27

A well- balanced diet includes all of the following actions except

A) consuming essential nutrients.
B) eating a variety of foods.
C) consuming phytochemicals and fiber.
D) relying on dietary supplements.

Question 28

Which of the following questions is important to ask yourself when you view a nutrition- related website?

A) How does the site choose links to other sites?
B) Where does the information come from?
C) Who pays for the site?
D) All of these are important questions to ask.

Question 29

All of the following are correct about the typical American diet except that it is

A) low in calcium.
B) high in sodium.
C) high in fiber.
D) low in vitamin D.

Question 30

Which of the following goals is not a proposed focus of Healthy People 2020?

A) Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across every stage of life.
B) Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
C) Support food industry efforts to obtain favorable health claims on nutrition labels.
D) Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.

Question 31

Which of the following substances is organic?

A) water
B) vitamins
C) minerals
D) salts

Question 32

Which of the following statements about milk is false?

A) It is a good source of the vitamins A, D, and riboflavin.
B) It is approximately 80 percent water by volume.
C) It contains the minerals potassium and calcium.
D) It contains a substantial variety of all six classes of nutrients.

Question 33

Which of the following causes of death in the United States is not nutrition related?

A) stroke
B) diabetes
C) cancer
D) respiratory diseases

Question 34

Experimental research is

A) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.
B) a process that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes.
C) a stepwise process used by scientists to evaluate different types of experiments.
D) a process involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment.

Question 35

Which of the following are not macronutrients?

A) vitamins
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates

Question 36

A double- blind placebo- controlled study is

A) research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes.
B) research in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which group received the treatment and which group received a placebo.
C) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.
D) a stepwise process used by scientists to identify effective placebos.

Question 37

Darren's father, mother, and sister all have diabetes. Darren decides to seek help from a health professional so he can avoid becoming diabetic as well. Who is the best person Darren should go to for nutrition advice?

A) a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)
B) his trainer at the gym
C) a public health nutritionist
D) the salesperson at the vitamin and supplement store

Question 38

The defining characteristic of an organic compound is that it

A) contains hydrogen.
B) contains nitrogen.
C) is grown in rich soil.
D) contains carbon.

Question 39

Which of the following foods is commonly included in Indian meals?

A) mutton
B) corn
C) fish
D) lentils

Question 40

Food insecurity is

A) the tendency of highly desirable foods to be stolen from stores.
B) the tendency of some foods to spoil more quickly than others.
C) the inability to satisfy the basic food needs of individuals.
D) uncertainty concerning whether a food might be harmful.

Question 41

The macronutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins.

Question 42

It is not important if a website does not tell you about their privacy policy.

Question 43

Epidemiological research looks at factors in two or more subject groups to see if there is a relationship to a certain disease or another health outcome.

Question 44

Which of the following is not an outcome for children who are food insecure?

A) increased energy
B) delayed cognitive development
C) iron deficiency
D) increased incidence of colds and headaches

Question 45

There are five classes of nutrients.

Question 46

It is not a good idea to change your diet based on a single study.

Question 47

Maize is a staple in the diet of people living in which of the following places?

A) Alaska
B) India
C) Mexico
D) China

Question 48

The science that studies how the nutrients and compounds in foods affect your body's function and health is called nutrition.

Question 49

The Human Genome Project determined the complete sequence of DNA in human cells.

Question 50

Being overweight is the same thing as being obese.

Question 51

Alcohol is an essential nutrient because it contains energy.

Question 52

Over 65 percent of American adults are overweight and of those, approximately 50 percent are considered obese.

Question 53

For reporting research results, a regular magazine is just as credible as a peer- reviewed journal.

Question 54

Chronic diseases are caused by genetic influences alone.

Question 55

A research journal in which fellow scientists review studies to assess whether they are accurate before they are published is known as a peer- reviewed journal.

Question 56

Minerals are inorganic because they do not contain carbon.

Question 57

Observational research is defined as

A) a process involving one group of subjects that receives a specific treatment and a second group of subjects that does not receive the treatment.
B) an idea generated by scientists based on their observations.
C) a stepwise process used by scientists to evaluate different observational techniques.
D) a process that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes.

Question 58

People who are poor can be overfed in energy nutrients but malnourished in vitamins and minerals.

Question 59

A registered dietician nutritionist has passed an exam administered by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND).

Question 60

Nutritional genomics studies the relationship between the components of food and gene expression.

Question 61

The group given a placebo during an experiment is called the placebo group.

Question 62

The promotion and selling of health products and services of questionable validity is known as the scientific method.

Question 63

According to Healthy People 2020, the body weights of Americans are decreasing.

Question 64

Substances that speed up reactions in your body are known as enzymes.

Question 65

The substance that bathes the outside of your cells and also helps maintain body temperature is water.

Question 66

Compounds that contain carbon are called organic.

Question 67

The foods you eat do not affect the expression of genes in your cells.

Question 68

The micronutrients include lipids, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 69

A person with a BMI of 28 or higher is obese.

Question 70

An idea generated by scientists based on their observations is a hypothesis.

Question 71

The part of plant foods that isn't digested in the small intestine is fiber.

Question 72

Studies have shown that even at 8 years of age, children may not understand the persuasive intent of advertisements.

Question 73

Fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are organic nutrients that provide energy.

Question 74

When a nutrient such as a vitamin is lacking in the diet, a deficiency may result.

Question 75

One of the objectives of Healthy People 2020 is to reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are considered obese by 30.5 percent.

Question 76

If a study is done on lab animals, the results cannot be relevant to humans.

Question 77

Only the energy nutrient carbohydrate contains the element nitrogen.

Question 78

Carbohydrates, lipids, and alcohol can all provide the body with energy.

Question 79

The "gold standard" of research experiments is the double- blind, placebo- controlled study.

Question 80

Carbohydrates supply glucose, the simple sugar that body cells use as a major energy source.