Deck 7: Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders

Question 1

The most effective treatment to date for somatization disorder

A) does not decrease psychological distress.
B) has not been shown to effect physical functioning.
C) does not decrease health care expenditures.
D) results in only temporary changes in psychological symptoms.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sara notices a lump on her side. She goes to her physician because she is worried that it is cancer. The physician sends her for a biopsy. During the three weeks between first noticing the lump and getting her results that it is not cancer, Sara was almost unable to function. She felt constant anxiety and thought constantly about having cancer. After she found out that she did not have cancer, Sara felt much better. Sara

A) has hypochondriasis.
B) has somatization disorder.
C) has conversion disorder.
D) has no mental disorder.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Somatization disorder

A) involves multiple symptoms involving one body part of function.
B) involves the fear of having multiple different diseases.
C) involves multiple symptoms of at least four different types.
D) involves having pain in at least four different areas of the body.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Evan is terrified because he is convinced that he has a terminal heart condition. He has consulted with several physicians about it who have found no evidence of any heart disease. Interestingly, Evan feels disappointed when the doctors find no physical problem. His diagnosis is probably

A) pain disorder.
B) conversion disorder.
C) somatization disorder.
D) hypochondriasis.

Question 5

Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities occurring in the absence of any physical pathology that could account for them are

A) anxiety disorders.
B) somatoform disorders.
C) hypochondriacal disorders.
D) dissociative disorders.

Question 6

Ryan has diabetes but has no trouble functioning. One day, his wife informs him that she is leaving him. Ryan suddenly develops terrible pain in his back, to the point he is unable to get out of bed. His wife agrees to stay for "a while" to take care of him. Ryan probably has

A) somatization disorder.
B) paid disorder associated with both psychological factors and a general medical condition.
C) body dysmorphic disorder.
D) pain disorder associated with psychological factors.

Question 7

Dysfunctional assumptions are a component of a cognitive-behavioral explanation of

A) somatization disorder.
B) depersonalization disorder.
C) dissociative fugue.
D) hypochondriasis.

Question 8

All of the following are somatoform disorders EXCEPT

A) somatization disorder.
B) conversion disorder.
C) hypochondriasis.
D) fugue disorder.

Question 9

People with predominantly psychogenic psychologically caused) pain tend to

A) adopt an invalid lifestyle, visiting many doctors in search of relief.
B) seem indifferent to their symptoms.
C) report less pain than people whose somatoform pain disorder is related to a medical condition.
D) be consistent in their report of pain, regardless of the stress they feel.

Question 10

People with hypochondriasis, like people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, have intrusive thoughts that cause them anxiety. The major difference is

A) in hypochondriasis, the thoughts are seen as inappropriate and alien, in obsessive-compulsive disorder the intrusive thoughts are seen as appropriate and reasonable.
B) in hypochondriasis, the thoughts are about one disease only, in obsessive-compulsive disorder the thoughts are about multiple diseases.
C) in hypochondriasis, the person knows the thoughts are coming from their own head and in obsessive- compulsive disorder, the person believes the thoughts are coming from someone else.
D) in hypochondriasis, the thoughts are seen as appropriate and reasonable, in obsessive-compulsive disorder the intrusive thoughts are seen as inappropriate and alien.

Question 11

If Ronald is typical of people with hypochondriasis, he will

A) use a wide range of self-medications.
B) avoid visiting a physician.
C) feel relieved when his doctor tells him he is healthy.
D) have bizarre delusions about his body rotting out.

Question 12

What would be most helpful to a person with pain disorder?

A) restricting physical activity as much as possible
B) getting a great deal of sympathy and attention
C) being allowed to avoid unpleasant tasks while they are in pain
D) staying physically active despite the pain

Question 13

John and Ira eat dinner together after work. Several hours later, each starts to feel nausea and stomach pains. John is a hypochondriac, Ira is not. Most likely

A) both men will think that the food they ate made them sick.
B) John will think the food he ate made him sick and Ira will not think anything at all.
C) John will think that he has stomach cancer and Ira will think the food he ate made him sick.
D) Ira will think he has stomach cancer and John will think the food he ate made him sick.

Question 14

Individuals with somatoform disorders

A) usually have little concern over their state of health.
B) intentionally fake their illnesses in order to obtain some special treatment.
C) believe that their symptoms are real and serious.
D) generally have a physical cause for their illness.

Question 15

Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis differ because

A) in somatization disorder, people are concerned about multiple different physical symptoms, in hypochondriasis, people are concerned about having an organic disease.
B) in somatization disorder, people are concerned about having an organic disease, in hypochondriasis, people have physical symptoms involving one body part or function.
C) in somatization disorder, people have physical symptoms involving one body part or function, in hypochondriasis, people are concerned about having an organic disease.
D) in somatization disorder, people are concerned about having an organic disease, in hypochondriasis, people are concerned about multiple different physical symptoms.

Question 16

Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of

A) hypochondriasis.
B) somatoform disorder.
C) somatization disorder.
D) malingering.

Question 17

Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis are similar in that

A) both pay more attention to bodily sensations and see them as symptoms.
B) both react to physical symptoms by becoming more physically active.
C) both think they have a physical disease.
D) both think that they can easily cope with their symptoms.

Question 18

Response prevention has been used in the treatment of both

A) dissociative identity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) dissociative identity disorder and PTSD.
C) hypochondriasis and obsessive compulsive disorder.
D) hypochondriasis and PTSD.

Question 19

Research on hypochondriasis has shown that people with the disorder tend to

A) overestimate their ability to handle being ill.
B) overestimate the dangerousness of diseases.
C) ignore information about illness.
D) underestimate the dangerousness of diseases.

Question 20

Catastrophizing about minor bodily sensations is characteristic of individuals with both

A) hypochondriasis and somatization disorder.
B) dissociative fugue and somatization disorder.
C) hypochondriasis and conversion disorder.
D) dissociative fugue and conversion disorder.

Question 21

A person who has conversion disorder where the symptom is blindness

A) is likely to refuse to move in an unfamiliar room because of extreme anxiety.
B) is likely to trip over every object in an unfamiliar room.
C) is likely to close his/her eyes in an unfamiliar room before walking about.
D) is likely to walk around an unfamiliar room without bumping into things.

Question 22

Which of the following best explains why conversion disorder is a less common diagnosis today than it was historically?

A) Advances in the psychiatric profession have decreased the prevalence of all disorders linked to traumatic events.
B) Advances in the medical field have facilitated the determination of organic causes for physical dysfunctions.
C) Those once diagnosed with conversion disorder are now more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD.
D) Today's psychiatrists tend to view this diagnosis as one that lacks reliability and validity, thus they are hesitant to even consider it as a diagnostic option.

Question 23

Body dysmorphic disorder is thought to be related to

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders.
B) panic disorder.
C) depression and bipolar disorders.
D) dissociative disorders.

Question 24

The inability to learn new information is known as

A) retrograde amnesia.
B) selective amnesia.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) localized amnesia.

Question 25

Which of the following disorders was once the most frequently diagnosed disorder amongst soldiers?

A) hypochondriasis
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) conversion disorder
D) acute anxiety disorder

Question 26

The current view is that primary gain is ________ and secondary gain is _.

A) attention from others; continued escape from a stressful situation
B) continued escape from a stressful situation; attention from others
C) the repression of sexual desires; sympathy and attention from others
D) attention from others; the repression of sexual desire
E) sympathy and attention from others; the repression of sexual desires

Question 27

Kristie is talking to a career counselor at college. She suddenly announces that it is pointless to discuss jobs, when she knows that her face is incredibly hideous due to her huge number of acne scars. The counselor is surprised, because, while she can barely see a couple of scars at Kristie's hairline, they were not noticeable until Kristie pointed them out. It is probable that Kristie suffers from

A) conversion disorder.
B) body dysmorphic disorder.
C) hypochondriasis.
D) depersonalization disorder.

Question 28

Earl falls at work. The initial medical tests showed no major physical problems. However, Earl calls the next day and tells his boss that he is unable to use his right leg because it is paralyzed. He also informs his boss that he plans to sue the company. Earl most likely

A) has factitious disorder.
B) is malingering.
C) has conversion disorder.
D) has somatization disorder.

Question 29

In what way was Freud's view of conversion disorder consistent with behavioral theories?

A) He believed that the symptoms of conversion disorder were maintained by the relief from anxiety they provided.
B) He advocated treating conversion disorder by punishing the problem behaviors.
C) Freud proposed that faulty thinking underlies the symptoms of conversion disorder.
D) Freud believed that those with conversion disorder were suffering bodily symptoms due to a conflict between their inner desires and the demands placed on them by society the environment).

Question 30

The disorder involving the experience of sudden loss of the sense of self is

A) depersonalization disorder.
B) psychogenic amnesia.
C) derealization disorder.
D) disidentity disorder.

Question 31

Following the rejection of his latest novel, Jim experienced an inability to make some movements with his right hand. While he was unable to write, he could scratch and make other simple motions with his affected hand. Two weeks later he was able to write again. What is unique about Jim's case of conversion disorder?

A) Jim's symptoms subsided after only two weeks.
B) Jim had some ability to move his hand.
C) Jim only lost the ability to move his right hand.
D) Jim is male.

Question 32

After learning of her father's death, Sophia felt dazed and confused. When speaking of her response to the news, she said she felt like she was in a movie watching the events happening to her. Despite this strange feeling, she understood what was happening and did the things that she needed to do. What can be said of Sophia's response to her father's death?

A) She had a psychotic break.
B) She experienced an instance of derealization.
C) She experience an instance of depersonalization.
D) Her response is not typical and suggests that she is suffering from acute stress disorder.

Question 33

A possible causal factor for body dysmorphic disorder is

A) being taught that appearances are unimportant.
B) being raised in a family with sufferers of eating disorders.
C) having a dissociative disorder.
D) being criticized for his/her appearance when young.

Question 34

Which of the following is a way to distinguish between someone with conversion disorder and someone who is malingering?

A) People with conversion disorder will be very cautious about talking about their symptoms, malingerers are very willing to talk about them.
B) People with conversion disorder are very willing to talk about their symptoms, malingerers will be more cautious.
C) If their symptoms are shown to be inconsistent, people with conversion disorder become very defensive while malingerers do not.
D) People with conversion disorder are usually very defensive, malingerers will try to seem very open and trusting.

Question 35

What do the somatoform and dissociative disorders have in common?

A) Both are more common in men.
B) Both appear to be ways of alleviating anxiety.
C) Both are characterized by physical complaints.
D) Both have onset during early childhood.

Question 36

Compulsive checking behaviors are characteristic of individuals with

A) somatization disorder.
B) body dysmorphic disorder.
C) conversion disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 37

Which of the following was once viewed as form of "hysteria?"

A) hypochondriasis
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) dissociative fugue
D) conversion disorder

Question 38

Dissociation

A) only occurs in people with a dissociative disorder.
B) is a sign that something is seriously wrong.
C) is extremely rare and not necessarily pathological.
D) is extremely common and not necessarily pathological.

Question 39

Although Charlie remembered most of the main issues of the meeting, he had no recollection of the decision to eliminate the department that he headed. Which form of psychogenic amnesia would this be characteristic of?

A) selective amnesia
B) localized amnesia
C) depersonalization amnesia
D) autobiographical amnesia

Question 40

People with body dysmorphic disorder are similar to people with hypochondriasis in that

A) both know that they are faking their symptoms for attention.
B) both ask for reassurance about their symptoms but don't feel relief when they get it.
C) both believe that a disease is causing their symptoms.
D) both focus only on symptoms involving the face.

Question 41

Jeremy suffers from psychogenic amnesia. He probably

A) seems quite normal other than for his amnesia.
B) is able to recognize close friends and relatives but not acquaintances.
C) can perform only simple tasks, regardless of the complex work that he was able to do previously.
D) remembers only events from the past and does not remember skills he learned more recently.

Question 42

In the individual with DID, "switches" between identities

A) produce gaps in memory.
B) are controlled by the host identity.
C) occur symmetrically, such that all identities share equal control.
D) usually take several days.

Question 43

The German man, in the study mentioned in the text, who had dissociative fugue denied that he could speak German. However, he learned German-English word pairs much faster than control words. This supports that

A) mainly episodic memory is lost, implicit memory stays intact.
B) both episodic and implicit memory are affected.
C) most people with dissociative fugue are faking.
D) mainly implicit memory is lost, episodic memory stays intact.

Question 44

When a person experiences psychogenic amnesia, only one portion of memory is usually affected. Which?

A) procedural memory how to do things)
B) semantic memory pertaining to language and concepts)
C) perceptual memory the representation of things in images)
D) episodic memory the events we have experienced)

Question 45

Why has the term "multiple personality disorder" been replaced with "dissociative identity disorder"?

A) A new diagnostic term was wanted to remove some of the stigma associated with the old term and its presentation in the media.
B) The word "multiple" suggested the presence of more identities than were commonly observed.
C) Fully developed personalities are not present in DID, just varying expressions of different aspects of the patient's personality.
D) The old term was often used to refer to both schizophrenia and DID, thus a new term was needed to end this confusion.

Question 46

The text presented the case of Mary Kendall, who suffered from dissociative identity disorder. She is typical of individuals with this disorder in that

A) she was aware of her separate personalities prior to beginning treatment.
B) tended to express her emotional distress in complaints about her body.
C) was socially inept as a child.
D) she has periods of "lost time."

Question 47

Assuming a new identity in a new place is characteristic of

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) dissociative fugue.
C) depersonalization disorder.
D) all forms of dissociative amnesia.

Question 48

Octavia has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder DID). She has seventeen different "alters" which are strikingly different from her host personality. Some of her alters are not full personalities, but fragments and memories. Some of the alters are children. What aspect of this case is unusual?

A) No aspect of this case is unusual.
B) It is unusual for a person with DID to have alters that are very different from the host personality.
C) It is unusual for a person with DID to have seventeen alters.
D) It is unusual for a person with DID to have fragmentary alters.

Question 49

Why has there been little systematic research conducted on dissociative amnesia and fugue?

A) These conditions are too rare to permit more extensive study.
B) The diagnosis of both disorders is too controversial; until a consensus is reached as to whether or not there is a true "psychogenic" amnesia, further study is virtually impossible.
C) Case studies provide more useful information.
D) Both disorders are relatively brief, preventing researchers from having ample time to systematically conduct full evaluations.

Question 50

Once a dissociative fugue ends, people

A) can remember their past but keep their new identity.
B) remembers who they are but cannot remember their past.
C) can remember everything that has happened to them.
D) can remember their past but cannot remember what happened during the fugue.

Question 51

A person with two or more well-developed identities has the disorder called

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) localized psychogenic amnesia.
C) depersonalization disorder.
D) fugue state.

Question 52

Gerard became amnesic, wandered away from home and assumed a completely new identity as a shoe salesman. He suffers from

A) dissociative fugue.
B) depersonalization.
C) malingering identity disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 53

Which of the following is true of opposite sex alters in DID?

A) They are quite common.
B) When they do occur, they usually assume the role of host.
C) They occur most commonly when sexual abuse has occurred.
D) They are rare.

Question 54

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as

A) multiple personality disorder.
B) conversion hysteria.
C) neurasthenia.
D) psychogenic amnesia.

Question 55

Which of the following is most commonly true of the host identity in DID?

A) It is the second or third alter to develop.
B) It is not the original identity.
C) It does not answer to the person's actual name.
D) It is the most well-adjusted of the identities.

Question 56

Which of the following has been demonstrated about the effects of psychogenic amnesias on memory?

A) Semantic memory is most dramatically affected.
B) Implicit memory is generally intact.
C) Episodic memory is not compromised.
D) Explicit memory is rarely affected.

Question 57

All of the following are are associated with DID except

A) depression.
B) substance abuse.
C) psychosis.
D) hallucinations.

Question 58

Jill did not remember the accident happening, or the following two days. What form of amnesia is this memory loss characteristic of?

A) fugue
B) localized
C) selective
D) derealization

Question 59

Which of the following is most suggestive of dissociative identity disorder?

A) Kyla could not recall where she had been or what she had done all day.
B) Grace's feelings about James switch from positive to negative instantly.
C) Peter could not explain why he didn't complete the project.
D) Delilah was never able to make up her mind.

Question 60

Brigid has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Brigid is the host personality. We can expect that the alter identities

A) are very much like Brigid.
B) are very much like one another.
C) only "come out" when there is no stress in the environment.
D) are strikingly different from Brigid.

Question 61

All of the following are explanations for the increased prevalence of DID EXCEPT

A) therapists may be actively looking for DID.
B) changes in the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.
C) increased public awareness of DID.
D) the increased incidence of sexual abuse.

Question 62

Why has the prevalence of DID been increasing?

A) It may be that the prevalence of DID has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities.
B) Children in today's society are far more likely to experience severe trauma than they were in the past.
C) As of 1980 most insurance companies had to accept DID as a billable diagnosis.
D) DID has only recently received full acceptance from the psychiatric community and, as a result, once hesitant professionals now readily using this diagnosis.

Question 63

Your textbook authors report that rigorously designed and controlled studies on the treatment of dissociative identity disorder

A) have only examined psychodynamic forms of treatment.
B) are non-existent.
C) are widespread.
D) demonstrate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy.

Question 64

Sociocognitive theory

A) can't account for the role that trauma appears to play in DID.
B) does not explain the phenomenon of "lost time."
C) explains why symptoms of DID are often not seen until after treatment is initiated.
D) explains why the number of alters is usually constant.

Question 65

Studies of the brains of individuals with DID

A) support the assertion that DID is a real disorder.
B) find no differences in brain activity associated with different identities.
C) do not indicate any explanation for interpersonal amnesia.
D) have provided no consistent findings.

Question 66

Dissociation can be adaptive.

Question 67

A key feature of somatoform disorders is the intentional faking of physical symptoms in order to receive attention or sympathy.

Question 68

There is debate as to the relationship between DID and abuse because

A) there is little evidence of a link between trauma and psychopathology.
B) few of those who develop DID have a history of abuse.
C) most reports of abuse are faked.
D) other factors correlated with abuse may be the true causal factors in DID.

Question 69

According to sociocognitive theory,

A) DID has a factitious origin.
B) the alters in DID develop as a means of escaping from some form of trauma.
C) DID may develop when a suggestive patient is treated by an overzealous clinician.
D) the mind separates due to some traumatic experience and is never fully integrated, resulting in the multiple identities observed in DID.

Question 70

Hypochondriasis may be partly caused by early experience with illness.

Question 71

Which of the following summarizes the post-traumatic theory for the origin of DID?

A) Genetically programmed tendencies to dissociate are triggered by stress.
B) Therapists unwittingly reinforce role-playing of alter identities.
C) Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape"
D) The rewards of avoiding punishment from the legal system induces people to fake symptoms.

Question 72

Experimental studies of DID find that interpersonality amnesia exists for

A) explicit memories.
B) conditioned responses.
C) implicit memories.
D) all types of memories.

Question 73

Somatoform pain disorder is usually easier to treat than somatization disorder.

Question 74

Malingering is a type of somatoform disorder.

Question 75

"Psychogenic amnesia" and "dissociative amnesia" refer to the same thing.

Question 76

When it comes to the effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders, we know

A) that medications are worthless, but that psychotherapy is quite effective.
B) that anti-depressant medications are most effective in treating dissociative identity disorder.
C) that depersonalization is much more effectively treated than amnesia.
D) very little.

Question 77

The incidence of somatization disorder in men and women is about equal.

Question 78

Recent estimates suggest that those with DID have

A) over ten identities.
B) only two identities.
C) as many as two hundred identities.
D) two alters, in addition to the host identity.

Question 79

There is evidence of a genetic relationship between antisocial personality disorder and somatization disorder.

Question 80

The treatment goal for most therapists who treat dissociative identity disorder is

A) reduction in the impact of distress and impairment.
B) self-understanding of the causes for the alter personalities.
C) acceptance of the alter personalities.
D) integration of the alter personalities.