Deck 10: Substance-Related Disorders

Question 1

Of the following, who is most likely to be an alcoholic?

A) a thirty-year-old college-educated man
B) a twenty-five-year-old divorced man who completed one year of junior college
C) a forty-two-year-old married woman who is a high-school drop out
D) a fifty-seven-year-old woman with a doctorate in anthropology

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism?

A) obsessive compulsive disorder
B) dissociative amnesia
C) major depressive disorder
D) panic disorder

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a misconception about alcohol?

A) Mixing different types of alcohol makes people more drunk than the same amount of a singe type.
B) Drinking coffee counteracts the effects of alcohol.
C) Alcohol is a stimulant.
D) Alcohol can interfere with sleep.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves

A) pathological use of the substance.
B) the use of substances that laws prohibit one from buying or using.
C) continued use despite social and occupational problems.
D) physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.

Question 5

Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future

A) the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will increase.
B) the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will increase.
C) the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will decrease.
D) the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease.

Question 6

Alcohol's effects on explain its ability to impair judgment.

A) endogenous opioids
B) epinephrine
C) glutamate
D) dopamine

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use?

A) Alcoholism is strongly associated with accidental death, but not with violent acts.
B) Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal.
C) Alcoholism is more common in women that in men.
D) Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.

Question 8

Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder?

A) Substance abuse frequently develops in an attempt to self-medicate negative mood states.
B) The symptoms are behavioral.
C) The most effective treatments are psychological.
D) Neurochemical imbalances underlie the problematic behaviors observed.

Question 9

Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol

A) means a person has not yet developed tolerance.
B) means that a persons blackouts have worsened and increased over time.
C) may be the result of an allergic reaction to alcohol.
D) may actually be a safety device.

Question 10

Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd

A) has developed a tolerance for alcohol.
B) cannot be diagnosed with substance dependence.
C) has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.
D) has an organic impairment.

Question 11

What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication a blood alcohol content of 0.08) should be changed?

A) Few people show any impairment at this blood alcohol level.
B) Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.
C) Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much higher blood alcohol levels.
D) Most alcohol-related accidents occurs at much lower blood alcohol levels.

Question 12

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is _.

A) to activate the brain's "pleasure centers;" depress brain functioning
B) to inhibit glutamate an excitatory neurotransmitter); release opium-like endorphins
C) too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory
D) depressive; excitatory

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men?

A) Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.
B) Women tend to eat less.
C) Women usually drink more quickly than men.
D) Women tend to drink mixed drinks, while men prefer beer.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate?

A) Alcohol abuse is a "pure" disorder, with less than 5 percent of alcohol abusers having a coexisting mental disorder.
B) The average life span of an alcoholic is 12 years shorter than the average citizen.
C) The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent.
D) Although alcohol impairs motor behavior it does not lower performance on complex cognitive tasks.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a diagnosis found in the DSM?

A) substance dependence
B) alcoholic intoxication
C) alcoholism
D) substance abuse

Question 16

Alcoholic blackouts

A) cause hangovers.
B) can occur with just moderate drinking.
C) only happen when alcohol dependence has developed.
D) are seen only with heavy drinking.

Question 17

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms

A) signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.
B) indicates that substance abuse has developed.
C) is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated.
D) is necessary for a diagnosis of substance dependence.

Question 18

Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs 10 or 12 to get the same effect. This is an example of

A) withdrawal symptoms.
B) tolerance.
C) a psychoactive substance abuse disorder.
D) an organic impairment.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long-term substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity?

A) amphetamine delusional disorder
B) alcoholic intoxication
C) alcohol abuse dementia
D) cannabis delirium

Question 20

The typical course of alcohol-related problems

A) is very varied and often includes multiple periods of abstinence.
B) is a continuous and gradual decline.
C) is a gradual decline followed by increasing physical problems.
D) is a rapid decline followed by abstinence.

Question 21

Alcohol withdrawal delirium

A) typically lasts from 3 to 6 days.
B) occurs when alcohol and other drugs are used simultaneously.
C) most commonly occurs in alcoholics who suffer from a mood or personality disorder.
D) is characterized by dissociative and amnesic symptoms.

Question 22

Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol?

A) high tolerance for frustration
B) strong need for praise and admiration
C) over-certainty of ability to fulfill expected gender roles
D) overly sensitive to the feelings of others

Question 23

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway MCLP)?

A) It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder.
B) It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and which produces euphoria.
C) It explains why genetic vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns.
D) It metabolizes all psychoactive drugs.

Question 24

Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as

A) alcohol amnestic disorder.
B) alcoholic withdrawal.
C) alcohol withdrawal delirium.
D) delirium tremens.

Question 25

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism

A) have identified the gene that causes alcoholism.
B) have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited.
C) are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors.
D) suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.

Question 26

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is

A) the presence of hallucinations.
B) a memory defect for recent events.
C) acute fear and extreme suggestibility.
D) a deep sleep, following which the individual has no memory of past events.

Question 27

Malnutrition

A) may occur in alcoholics as alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients.
B) does not occur in alcoholics as alcohol provides both calories and nutrients.
C) is rare amongst alcoholics as alcohol is most commonly consumed with food.
D) only occurs when alcoholics are destitute and not able to afford to purchase food.

Question 28

Alcoholic psychosis may occur due to

A) low thiamine levels.
B) decreased GABA levels.
C) impaired serotonergic functioning.
D) high opioid levels.

Question 29

Most children of parents with alcohol problems

A) also have alcohol problems.
B) only have alcohol problems if they are raised by their biological parents.
C) have alcohol problems whether they are raised by their biological parents or by adoptive parents.
D) do not develop alcohol problems whether they are raised by their biological parents or by adoptive parents.

Question 30

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing

A) a severe hangover.
B) alcohol-induced psychosis.
C) alcohol amnestic disorder.
D) alcohol withdrawal delirium.

Question 31

James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is

A) nearly 100 percent.
B) no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.
C) about 10 percent higher than if he had no alcoholic parents.
D) greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.

Question 32

All drugs which people become dependent upon

A) provide the user with renewed energy.
B) are socially acceptable.
C) produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased.
D) act on pleasure pathways in the brain.

Question 33

Cirrhosis of the liver

A) is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol.
B) is due to an allergic type reaction of the body to alcohol.
C) is debilitating but rarely fatal.
D) is a rare complication of alcoholism.

Question 34

Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics

A) experience more pleasure when they ingest alcohol than nonalcoholic men.
B) tend to be more impulsive than the general population.
C) experience less stress reduction after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men.
D) respond less dramatically to alcohol related-cues than nonalcoholic men.

Question 35

The "alcohol flush reaction"

A) results from an inability to metabolize alcohol.
B) might explain the reduced rate of alcoholism seen amongst Native American peoples.
C) is seen during alcohol withdrawal.
D) produces a spike in blood pressure and body temperature.

Question 36

Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are

A) alcoholic tolerance and alcoholic withdrawal.
B) what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis."
C) alcohol intoxication and alcohol amnestic disorder.
D) what used to be called "alcohol dependence" and "alcohol withdrawal."

Question 37

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes

A) Down syndrome in the child.
B) premature birth and higher rates of still-births.
C) aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child.
D) incomplete fusion of the spinal canal in the child.

Question 38

Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because

A) alcoholism causes people to lose their appetites.
B) alcohol has few calories.
C) alcoholism impairs her ability to choose healthy foods.
D) alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients.

Question 39

Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are than among European peoples. This fact may be related to _.

A) higher; genetic differences in the sensitivity of the MCLP
B) lower; religious differences in the acceptability of alcohol
C) higher; genetic differences in the ability to metabolize alcohol
D) lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

Question 40

Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality?

A) Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning.
B) Brian, who is organized, detail-oriented, and ambitious.
C) Art, who is frequently depressed and has a low level of self-esteem.
D) Tim, who is shy, anxious, and withdrawn.

Question 41

The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that

A) alcoholics are especially intolerant of stress, and thus susceptible to the tension-reducing properties of alcohol.
B) the final common pathway of alcohol use is motivation.
C) expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking.
D) marital partners may enable one another to continue drinking.

Question 42

Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more than those at low risk.

A) impulsive
B) submissive
C) dependent
D) vain

Question 43

An example of a moderating influence would be

A) a wife enabling her husband to continue drinking by making excuses for him.
B) a gene that reduces the chances of a person becoming an alcoholic.
C) the impact of therapy on the divorce and suicide rates of alcoholics.
D) the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol.

Question 44

Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say

A) "Alcohol is my enemy but I don't think I am strong enough to combat it."
B) "Who do you think you are attacking? You are the one with the problem."
C) "I have an addictive personality and without help, I will never overcome my addiction."
D) "You have a very good point; I need to do some serious thinking about getting treatment."

Question 45

According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism

A) alcohol's ability to alleviate tension should be enhanced in those with a genetic susceptibility to alcoholism.
B) all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism.
C) alcoholics drink more as they are under greater stress.
D) alcoholics do not get "high" when they drink, they merely experience a decrease in negative mood states.

Question 46

The incidence of alcoholism amongst Muslims and Mormons is low because

A) these religions prohibit alcohol consumption.
B) members of both groups are likely to have inherited an inability to metabolize alcohol properly.
C) individuals who practice these religions are likely to live in areas where alcohol is not readily available.
D) strong family and community bonds protect these populations from all psychological disorders.

Question 47

Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate?

A) Since alcohol has a negative effect on neurotransmitters, it is extremely rare for people with schizophrenia to become alcohol or drug dependent.
B) The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
C) Since alcohol has an anti-anxiety effect, most of the people who are alcohol dependent and have another disorder suffer from generalized anxiety disorder.
D) The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.

Question 48

Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during

A) old age.
B) crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship.
C) a period of great success in an individual's life.
D) the transition to middle age.

Question 49

The reciprocal influence model suggests that

A) teens will start drinking early no matter what.
B) even with different expectancies, teens still drink.
C) it would be hard to interrupt the cycle because most teens expectancies about drinking are accurate.
D) it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking.

Question 50

Which of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption?

A) Argentina
B) United States
C) Germany
D) France

Question 51

The individual with which of the following Axis I diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol?

A) somatization disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) depression
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 52

What complicates the use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism?

A) There is a risk of dependence.
B) Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.
C) It has to be administered intravenously.
D) While it lessens cravings, it does nothing to improve negative mood states.

Question 53

Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use?

A) restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs
B) restricting the expression of positive emotions
C) lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities
D) overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges

Question 54

The tension-reduction model of alcoholism

A) proposes that alcoholism is an incurable disease.
B) provides an explanation for the role that personality traits play in the development of alcohol abuse.
C) does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not.
D) suggests that alcoholism is environmentally determined.

Question 55

The reciprocal influence model is best described as a explanation for teen drinking.

A) psychodynamic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) sociocultural

Question 56

Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain to his boss, their friends and their children to explain his frequent absences. This is an example of

A) how marriages of alcoholics often last a long time.
B) how marriage can increase the risk of alcoholism.
C) why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking.
D) why most alcoholics rate their marriages as successful.

Question 57

A moderating variable is

A) something that influences the connection between two other variables.
B) something that causes alcoholics not to have as strong a reaction to alcohol as earlier.
C) something that causes some alcoholics not to have as much impairment as others.
D) something that makes a person more or less likely to inherit a disorder such as alcoholism.

Question 58

Many people with substance abuse problems

A) actually appear to have less stress in their lives compared to those without abuse problems.
B) have a lower incidence of personality disorders than people without abuse problems.
C) have histories with high levels of traumatic experiences.
D) have high rates of eating disorders.

Question 59

Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment?

A) the detoxification process
B) finding a suitable treatment program
C) overcoming denial
D) the availability of alcohol

Question 60

Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. You suspect that she might have some other Axis I disorder as well. Why is it important for you to evaluate her Axis I status?

A) The other disorder should be treated first.
B) The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant, negative effect on likely treatment outcome.
C) Her genetic liability may be much stronger if the alcohol abuse is the only Axis I disorder.
D) Treating another Axis I disorder, when present along with alcohol abuse, usually clears up the excessive drinking as well.

Question 61

Which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective?

A) inpatient treatment
B) none
C) 12 step programs
D) outpatient treatment

Question 62

"I am a person who has an affliction-I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in _.

A) aversive conditioning treatment
B) a replacement program
C) relapse prevention
D) Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 63

Opium and heroin

A) have always been 2 of the most abused illegal drugs.
B) induce euphoria but do not reduce pain.
C) control pain only if they are used to cause unconsciousness.
D) were originally used by physicians as pain relievers.

Question 64

In what type of treatment are clients taught to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking?

A) Motivational Enhancement Therapy
B) Relapse Prevention Therapy
C) Abstinence Violation Prevention
D) Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 65

The first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is

A) treating physical withdrawal symptoms.
B) the administration of antidepressants.
C) group psychotherapy.
D) the use of Antabuse.

Question 66

Endorphins

A) are opium-like substances created synthetically to replace heroin.
B) are opium-like substances produced by the body.
C) are overproduced in the brains of addicts.
D) have been found to play a role in ending drug use.

Question 67

Which of the following is a narcotic?

A) heroin
B) marijuana
C) alcohol
D) tobacco

Question 68

Drug abuse and dependence are most common in what age group and in what type of community?

A) adolescence and young adulthood; economically depressed communities
B) adolescence and young adulthood; affluent suburban communities
C) middle age; affluent suburban communities
D) childhood; rural communities

Question 69

The main reason addicts gave for using heroin was

A) depression.
B) pleasure.
C) mental illness.
D) pain reduction.

Question 70

Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam's medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth's medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ________; Beth is taking _.

A) methadone; Naltrexone
B) methadone; Antabuse
C) Antabuse; Naltrexone
D) Naltrexone; methadone

Question 71

Aversive conditioning for alcoholics

A) includes family members to try to help the alcoholic understand the harm his/her behaviors have done.
B) involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock.
C) punishes the alcoholic for drinking by making him/her sick after drinking.
D) uses educational and life skills training to help the alcoholic understand the negative aspects of drinking.

Question 72

Which of the following makes treatment of dependence on heroin especially challenging?

A) the high probability that the user is also dependent on other drugs
B) the likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture
C) the lack of a means of minimizing cravings
D) the severity of the withdrawal

Question 73

In 2000, which of the following accounted for 16% of all drug-related emergency room admissions?

A) cocaine
B) heroin
C) barbiturates
D) ecstasy

Question 74

Controlled drinking teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation

A) seems to work for some people with less severe alcoholism.
B) seems to work well for all types of alcoholics.
C) has been generally accepted as a useful treatment.
D) works better than complete abstinence.

Question 75

Who has the highest self-reported quit rate among smokers?

A) people who were hospitalized for cancer or lung problems
B) people who used nicotine replacement such as gum
C) people who underwent cognitive behavior treatment
D) young adults who have just started smoking

Question 76

The personality trait most likely related to substance abuse is

A) fantasy proneness
B) agreeableness
C) sensation seeking
D) anxiety

Question 77

Opium and its derivatives

A) cause amnesia with long-term use.
B) cause withdrawal symptoms within approximately 8 hours of the last dose.
C) typically take several months to produce physiological cravings.
D) always cause near fatal withdrawal symptoms.

Question 78

Which statement about Project MATCH is accurate?

A) It proved that treatment based on Alcoholics Anonymous is superior to other forms of treatment.
B) It showed that matching a client's personality to a form of treatment makes no difference.
C) It showed that treatments only work when they are carefully matched with the personality profiles of the clients in them.
D) It proved that therapists must establish warm relationships with their clients in order for therapy to be effective.

Question 79

Why are estimates of the prevalence of drug dependence likely to be inaccurate?

A) Treatment is often not available when it is sought.
B) Many people recover without assistance.
C) Many people who think they have a problem don't.
D) Twelve-step programs have become the treatment of choice.

Question 80

In contrast to other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous

A) offers both group and one-on-one support.
B) is successful, but only with severe alcoholics who have "hit bottom."
C) has a low drop-out rate.
D) uses primarily psychodynamic interventions, although advocates of AA would disagree.