Deck 19: Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Question 1

Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B) Streptococcus pyogenes.
C) Staphylococcus aureus.
D) Rickettsia rickettsii.
E) both Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

An infection of a hair follicle at the base of an eyelid is called a

A) macule.
B) pimple.
C) furuncle.
D) carbuncle.
E) sty.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The skin is an effective barrier against invading microbes because

A) it is well supplied with blood vessels to flush microbes from the surface.
B) no microbes are able to survive on the surface.
C) the outer layers of cells are dead.
D) the surface is covered in salt.
E) the outer layers are dead and covered in salt.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A petechial rash starting on the hands and feet and spreading to the torso is characteristic of

A) smallpox.
B) herpes gladiatorum.
C) RMSF.
D) anthrax.
E) necrotizing fasciitis.

Question 5

The signs and symptoms of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome are caused by

A) coagulase.
B) beta-lactamase.
C) staphylokinase.
D) exfoliative toxins.
E) lipase.

Question 6

What is the pathogenic process underlying Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A) stimulation of a strong immune response
B) formation of biofilms in host tissues
C) interference with host cell metabolism
D) cellular damage via potent exotoxins
E) damage to blood vessels

Question 7

The are Gram-positive pleomorphic bacteria commonly found on the skin.

A) Clostridia
B) diphtheroids
C) Staphylococci
D) Pseudomonads
E) Streptococci

Question 8

Localized swelling of a scratch accompanied by fever, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes may result from infection with

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B) Propionibacterium acnes.
C) Mycrosporum canis.
D) Rickettsia rickettsii.
E) Bartonella henselae.

Question 9

Impetigo can be caused by

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
B) Streptococcus pyogenes.
C) Staphylococcus aureus.
D) both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 10

Infection known as frequently begins as an injury that rapidly becomes red, swollen, hot to the touch, and intensely painful.

A) staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
B) gas gangrene
C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
D) anthrax
E) necrotizing fasciitis

Question 11

Spreading black necrosis, swelling, pain and froth or bubbles are characteristic of

A) chromoblastomycosis.
B) Pseudomonas infection.
C) gas gangrene.
D) necrotizing fasciitis.
E) anthrax.

Question 12

Smallpox was the first human disease to be

A) globally eradicated.
B) treated with antiviral drugs.
C) identified as a viral disease.
D) analyzed and studied on the genetic level.
E) recreated in an experimental animal.

Question 13

The resistance of Pseudomonas to a wide variety of antimicrobial drugs is due, in part, to its

A) ability to pump drugs out of the cell.
B) production of pyocyanin.
C) production of exoenzymes.
D) ability to utilize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources.
E) ability to grow in almost any moist environment.

Question 14

Virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus can resist penicillin because they produce

A) coagulase.
B) lipase.
C) beta-lactamase.
D) staphylokinase.
E) a slime layer.

Question 15

Normal skin microbiota are able to grow on the skin because they can thrive in the presence of

A) keratin.
B) sebum.
C) salt.
D) sebum and salt.
E) sebum, salt, and keratin.

Question 16

Which of the following is a complication that may result from a Streptococcus pyogenes skin infection?

A) a sty
B) shingles
C) a carbuncle
D) erysipelas
E) scalded skin syndrome

Question 17

Rickettsias are obligate intracellular parasites because they

A) cannot metabolize lipids.
B) cannot synthesize amino acids.
C) lack the glycolytic pathway.
D) lack ribosomes.
E) lack a cell wall.

Question 18

A specific wavelength of UVA can be used to treat

A) cat scratch disease.
B) bacteremia.
C) RMSF.
D) acne.
E) swimmerʹs ear.

Question 19

A(n) is a large mass of inflammation and accumulated pus under the surface of an area of thick skin.

A) mycetoma
B) furuncle
C) carbuncle
D) erysipelas
E) pox

Question 20

Anthrax derives its name from which of the following aspects of the disease?

A) the shape of B. anthracis colonies on agar
B) the necessity of burning animals killed by the disease
C) the shape of its endospores
D) the microscopic appearance of its cells
E) the appearance of eschars on the skin

Question 21

A herpetic lesion on the finger or hand is known as a

A) macule.
B) fever blister.
C) whitlow.
D) furuncle.
E) pox.

Question 22

A man is suffering severe foot pain in the area of what looks like a large wart. He reports he has had the wart for some time, and the pain and swelling have developed slowly. A sample from the lesion shows that the pus contains large cells that stain a golden brown color. The man is likely suffering from

A) mycetoma.
B) chromoblasomycosis.
C) necrotizing fasciitis.
D) sporotrichosis.
E) phaeohyphomycosis.

Question 23

A child complains of intensely itchy ʺpimplesʺ on the hands and wrists. The lesions are small inflamed streaks, but do not appear to contain pus. The childʹs condition may be the result of infection with

A) Clostridium perfringens.
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
C) Sporothrix schenkii.
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
E) Sarcoptes scabiei.

Question 24

Which of the following is becoming rarer as a result of childhood vaccinations?

A) neonatal herpes
B) warts
C) roseola
D) impetigo
E) subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Question 25

ʺRingwormʺ is caused by

A) parasitic worms that infect the skin.
B) dermatophytes that have invaded deep layers of the skin.
C) a hypersensitivity reaction caused by superficial contact with dermatophytes.
D) immunosuppression due to HIV infection.
E) dermatophytes growing in the upper dead tissue layers of the skin.

Question 26

Ultraviolet illumination is the quickest way to diagnose infections of which of the following?

A) Pseudallescheria
B) Piedraia hortae
C) Malassezia furfur
D) Leishmania sp.
E) Sarcoptes scabiei

Question 27

Common skin warts are the result of infection with

A) herpesviruses.
B) parvoviruses.
C) poxviruses.
D) papillomaviruses.
E) rubeola virus.

Question 28

A small puncture wound on a womanʹs arm has become swollen, hot to the touch, and intensely painful. There is tissue necrosis but it is not ʺgassy,ʺ and under the microscope Gram -positive cocci in chains are present. Which of the following microbes is likely to be responsible?

A) Clostridium perfringens
B) Streptococcus pyogenes
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Sporothrix schenckii
E) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 29

Shingles, or herpes zoster, is a reactivation of the virus that causes

A) whitlows.
B) chickenpox.
C) smallpox.
D) German measles.
E) measles.

Question 30

Which of the following is/are antiphagocytic?

A) leukocidin
B) protein A
C) M protein
D) both protein A and M protein
E) protein A, M protein, and leukocidin

Question 31

A reddening of the skin of the face that intensifies when exposed to the sun is characteristic of

A) rubeola.
B) erythema infectiosum.
C) herpes.
D) chickenpox.
E) rubella.

Question 32

Which of the following can cause birth defects?

A) smallpox
B) roseola
C) rubella
D) chickenpox
E) measles

Question 33

A child has a rash on the face, arms, upper legs, and torso. It is splotchy and intensifies after being in the sun. The child does not complain of fever or itchiness. The signs and symptoms are consistent with

A) cat scratch disease.
B) fifth disease.
C) roseola.
D) scabies.
E) chickenpox.

Question 34

Which of the following forms of leishmaniasis is typically fatal?

A) cutaneous
B) visceral
C) mucocutaneous
D) Both cutaneous and mucocutaneous are frequently fatal.
E) Visceral, mucocutaneous, and cutaneous are all potentially fatal.

Question 35

Under some circumstances, is beneficial, but under other conditions the bacteria become overabundant leading to inflammation of hair follicles.

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C) Propionibacterium acnes
D) Bacillus anthracis
E) Microsporum

Question 36

The rash described as ʺteardrops on rose petalsʺ is characteristic of

A) smallpox.
B) anthrax.
C) warts.
D) chickenpox.
E) herpes.

Question 37

A pigment produced by an opportunistic pathogen that contributes to tissue damage is

A) lipase.
B) streptokinase.
C) hyaluronidase.
D) pyocyanin.
E) M protein.

Question 38

A rash characterized by macules which swell, fill with fluid and then pus, then rupture and become crusty lesions, is characteristic of

A) chickenpox virus reactivation.
B) human herpes virus 2 primary infection.
C) roseola virus.
D) papillomavirus infection.
E) poxvirus infection.

Question 39

Some strains of Papillomavirus are oncogenic due to their ability to

A) lie dormant in cells for years.
B) escape the phagosome before lysosome fusion.
C) cause extensive damage to blood vessels.
D) produce deoxyribonucleases.
E) integrate into the host cell DNA.

Question 40

A series of nodular lesions on an arm that fill with pus and ulcerate through the skin is characteristic of infection with the fungus

A) Micrococcus.
B) Epidermophyton.
C) Sporothrix schenckii.
D) Microsporum.
E) Trichophyton.

Question 41

Aspirin should never be given to children or adolescents with symptoms of (chickenpox/herpes/smallpox) because of the risk of developing Reyeʹs syndrome.

Question 42

Chickenpox and (herpes/shingles/warts) are caused by the same virus.

Question 43

Humans are the only hosts of Rickettsia rickettsii.

Question 44

In pregnant women, roseola infection can result in teratogenic birth defects.

Question 45

Clostridium perfringens causes necrotizing fasciitis.

Question 46

Chromoblastomycosis is rarely a severe disease and can be treated easily with appropriate drugs.

Question 47

Immunization with (chickenpox/cowpox/HPV) provides protection against smallpox.)

Question 48

ʺThree-day measlesʺ is caused by the (roseola/rubella/rubeola) virus.

Question 49

A sample from an abscess is stained and examined under the microscope. A Gram stain appears uniformly pink, but a GMS (Gomori methenamine silver) stain reveals brownish filaments in the sample. These findings suggest

A) dermatophytosis.
B) sporotrichosis.
C) necrotizing fasciitis.
D) phaeohyphomycosis.
E) leishmaniasis.

Question 50

Because they are common soil saprobes, dermatophytes are fungi that are not contagious in humans.

Question 51

Pityriasisʹ characteristic appearance is the result of a fungal infection causing changes in the production of melanin.

Question 52

Fungus infection of the nail is known as tinea (capitus/pedis/unguium).

Question 53

An arachnid parasite causes the skin disease known as (leishmaniasis/ringworm/scabies).)

Question 54

The is a layer of tough fibers and fat cells that anchors the skin to the deeper tissues.

A) fascia
B) hypodermis
C) follicles
D) dermis
E) epidermis

Question 55

Herpesvirus infections can be controlled with chemotherapeutic agents.

Question 56

Contact with soil may result in infection with (anthropophilic/geophilic/zoophilic) dermatophytosis.

Question 57

Smallpox vaccination was originally discontinued in the 1980s because of adverse effects of the vaccine.

Question 58

The production of (exotoxin/coagulase/hyaluronidase) enzyme breaks down connections between cells, allowing Streptococcus pyogenes to invade tissue and cause necrotizing fasciitis.

Question 59

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, also known as kala -azar, is fatal in 100% of untreated cases.)

Question 60

M protein is a virulence factor associated with group A streptococci.

Question 61

Explain why Pseudomonas aeruginosa is described as a ʺmedical puzzle.ʺ

Question 62

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common microbe associated with infections of (burn/immunocompromised/elderly) patients.

Question 63

Both necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene are diseases characterized by rapid, spreading tissue necrosis. Compare and contrast the infectious agents, the pathology and treatment.

Question 64

Localization of lesions within a band of skin on one side of the body is a characteristic of the disease (measles/shingles/sporotrichosis).

Question 65

The peeling epidermis characteristic of scalded skin syndrome is due to the production of (exfoliative/pyrogenic/streptolysin) toxins.

Question 66

Describe the natural defenses of the skin that prevent many infections of this area.

Question 67

Explain the relationship between chickenpox and shingles, paying special attention to the pathogenic processes and transmission of each of these diseases.

Question 68

Warts on the sole of the foot are known as (seed/flat/plantar) warts.

Question 69

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) results when defective (chickenpox/measles/rubella) virus particles trigger the fusion of brain cells.

Question 70

A (furuncle/pimple/sty) is a type of folliculitis characterized by a large, painful, pus-filled nodule.

Question 71

The presence of Koplikʹs spots is sufficient for a diagnosis of (chickenpox/measles/rubella).

Question 72

Explain why smallpox vaccination is still being considered and debated, even though smallpox has been eradicated.