Deck 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

While in both cases more _____ have died, the mortality rate of emerging adults is _____ the mortality rate of adolescents.

A) males; about half
B) females; about half
C) males; more than twice
D) females; more than twice

Answer 1

males; more than twice

Question 2

Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them?

A) Movement to a more personal school structure
B) Increased parental monitoring
C) The top-dog phenomenon
D) Decreased interaction with peers

Answer 2

The top-dog phenomenon

Question 3

At her college campus job, Alexis likes to think of herself as independent and strong. At the same time, later in the dorms, she can act like someone half her age, and enjoy it! Alexis is displaying the characteristic of emerging adulthood Jeffrey Arnett described as:

A) feeling in-between stages.
B) self-focused.
C) instability and identity exploration.
D) possibilities and transformations.

Answer 3

feeling in-between stages.

Question 4

Arissa is preparing for her rite of passage into full adulthood. In her county, Malaysia, women move into adulthood when they:

A) have a prestigious, full-time job.
B) purchase a home.
C) get married.
D) have a child.

Question 5

In one study, both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and _____ are important aspects of becoming an adult.

A) physical maturity
B) spiritual maturity
C) developing emotional control
D) community service

Question 6

Zoey is so excited to get to college! Of all the good things she is anticipating, she is most excited about being able to be open about her sexual orientation. She is most excited about:

A) decreased focus on achievement and its assessment.
B) opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values.
C) reduced peer pressure.
D) movement to a smaller, more personal school structure.

Question 7

Of the following athletes, who would be MOST likely to peak earliest?

A) Christopher, a talented amateur golfer
B) Andrew, a competitive swimmer
C) James, a marathon runner
D) Gabe, a baseball player

Question 8

In a recent study of Danish emerging adults, all of the following were widely accepted markers of emerging adulthood EXCEPT:

A) making independent decisions.
B) becoming financially independent.
C) getting married.
D) accepting self-responsibility.

Question 9

James, born in the United States, will most likely consider himself an adult when he _____, whereas Hasan, born in Indonesia, will most likely consider himself an adult when he _____.

A) moves out of the house; graduates from college
B) gets a full-time job; gets married
C) turns 21; becomes financially independent
D) gets married; buys his first home

Question 10

Daniel is excited that at _____ years old he has purchased a house. After a weekend of cleaning and painting he is stunned at how sore and tired he is. His realization of "I'm not as young as I used to be" is typical of his age.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 40
D) 20

Question 11

Most of us reach our peak physical performance:

A) before the age of 30; often between the ages of 19 and 26.
B) often between the ages of 15 and 22.
C) before the age of 20.
D) before the age of 22; often between the ages of 14 and 19.

Question 12

Although we do not notice much change in our senses in early adulthood, our hearing peaked in _____.

A) infancy
B) middle childhood
C) adolescence
D) emerging adulthood

Question 13

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately _____ years of age.

A) 12 to 18
B) 18 to 25
C) 21 to 26
D) 20 to 30

Question 14

For many individuals in developed countries, going from high school to college is an important aspect of:

A) emerging adulthood.
B) the transition to adolescence.
C) emotional development.
D) ego development.

Question 15

In a longitudinal study monitoring U.S. individuals from age 17 to 27, the "most dramatic" findings were that participants:

A) moved back and forth between increasing and decreasing economic dependency.
B) viewed bringing children into their lives as the marker of adulthood.
C) avoided getting drunk as their primary marker of adulthood.
D) most were financially independent of their parents by age 25.

Question 16

Lillian came from a difficult and disadvantaged childhood. After struggling to find her way in college, she began to excel and find her strengths. Now she feels like nothing can hold her back from her dreams. Lillian is displaying the characteristic of emerging adulthood Jeffrey Arnett described as:

A) feeling in-between stages.
B) self-focused.
C) instability and identity exploration.
D) possibilities and transformations.

Question 17

Aiden has moved several times during his college years and afterward. Some of his moves have been to enter or end a love relationship, and others have been to get closer to jobs. Aiden is displaying the characteristic of emerging adulthood Jeffrey Arnett described as:

A) feeling in-between stages.
B) self-focused.
C) instability and identity exploration.
D) possibilities and transformations.

Question 18

In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is:

A) holding a permanent, full-time job.
B) moving into one's own home.
C) getting married.
D) having a child.

Question 19

Grace is a highly talented gymnast. She is considering leaving her school, switching to home school, and spending most of her time competing in her sport. This is important because gymnasts usually reach their athletic peak in their:

A) early thirties.
B) mid-twenties.
C) late twenties.
D) late teens.

Question 20

Every year Natalie helps her grandmother pick berries and make jam. She is embarrassed to find that now, at _____ years old, these activities make her sore and she gets tired faster. Her experience is typical for someone her age.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 40
D) 20

Question 21

Rhett is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and to keep it off. You would tell him that the most effective weight-loss programs invariably include:

A) a calorie-reduced diet.
B) daily weigh-ins.
C) exercise.
D) counseling.

Question 22

Matthew has kept his childhood tradition of recording his height and weight across his college years. His data are consistent with a recent study that found weight usually _____ from the freshman year in college to the senior year.

A) decreases
B) stays the same
C) increases
D) fluctuates dramatically

Question 23

According to a recent international comparison of 33 developed countries, which of the following represents, in order, the top three countries found to have the highest percentage of obese adults?

A) United States, Mexico, Chile
B) United States, New Zealand, Chile
C) Mexico, Italy, United States
D) Chile, United States, Italy

Question 24

One study explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000 individuals 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries. Which of the following was NOT found to be positively related to young adults' life satisfaction?

A) Not smoking
B) Exercising regularly
C) Alcohol consumption
D) Using sun protection

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT linked to sleep deprivation in emerging adults?

A) Motor vehicle crashes
B) Increased productivity
C) Cognitive impairments
D) Cardiovascular disease

Question 26

Kimberly, a college senior majoring in psychology, is doing a research project on college students and sleeping. After surveying students in a large Introduction to Psychology course, her results matched current research. She found that _____ of the students did not get adequate sleep.

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 27

Emerging adults have _____ chronic health problems, and they have _____ colds and respiratory problems than when they were children.

A) few; fewer
B) several; far more
C) many; fewer
D) hardly any; significantly more

Question 28

Jennifer and Michael are typical of the participants in a longitudinal study that revealed MOST bad health habits engaged in during adolescence _____ in emerging adulthood. They both smoke, often drink too much, and seldom stick with an exercise plan.

A) disappeared
B) were replaced with good ones
C) remained unchanged
D) increased

Question 29

Kevin, nearing 30 years old, is pondering his life during a conversation with his mother. "I just want to be happy when I'm old," he said. His mother told him about the Berkeley Longitudinal Study, adding, "Life satisfaction at age 70 was linked to _____ at your age."

A) professional success
B) cognitive development
C) physical health
D) parenting

Question 30

Obesity is linked to increased risk of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) hypertension.
B) diabetes.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 31

Being overweight or obese is linked to increased risk of:

A) cancer.
B) Down syndrome.
C) anemia.
D) mental health problems.

Question 32

Eric has been playing games at Jeffrey's house for most of the night. Although they haven't had any alcohol, Eric had been awake for about 20 hours. He decided to call his girlfriend to say that he is going to get some sleep at Jeffrey's house before driving home. He knows his _____ is impaired, and that increases his risk of _____.

A) driving ability; having a heart attack
B) driving ability; having a car accident
C) cognitive ability; losing a game to Jeffrey
D) sensory ability; having a sleep disorder

Question 33

Emerging adults fail to develop health-promoting habits because they:

A) believe that good genes will override any unhealthy behaviors.
B) lack knowledge about which behaviors are healthy and unhealthy.
C) are reluctant to be seen as health conscious.
D) do not think about how their lifestyle will affect them later in life.

Question 34

One study explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000 individuals 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries. The young adults' life satisfaction was NOT positively related to:

A) fiber intake.
B) limiting fat intake.
C) using sun protection.
D) eating fruits.

Question 35

According to research, which of the following is an effective method of losing weight?

A) Diet-plus-exercise programs
B) Diet-only programs
C) Diet pills
D) Diet supplements

Question 36

Based on an international comparison of 33 developed countries, who is most likely to have a normal weight?

A) Lucy, from Italy
B) Akari, from Japan
C) Rosalie, from Mexico
D) Jennifer, from the United States

Question 37

Tracy is quizzing her roommate Amanda, prepping her for their health class quiz. "Ok, which one of the following is the single most effective method of losing weight?" Amanda's answer should be:

A) diet-plus-exercise programs.
B) diet-only programs.
C) diet pills.
D) high-protein diets.

Question 38

A recent longitudinal study of health habits found that _____ of adolescents reported no weekly exercise and _____ of those in emerging adulthood reported no weekly exercise.

A) 10%; 26%
B) 26%; 10%
C) 5%; 46%
D) 46%; 5%

Question 39

A recent national survey done by the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, published in 2015, found that approximately _____ of U.S. 20- to 39-year-olds were obese.

A) 19%
B) 63%
C) 32%
D) 11%

Question 40

A consistent research finding is that if a person wants to lose weight, the MOST effective practice should include in the plan to:

A) get high-quality sleep.
B) perform a high level of physical activity.
C) eat a nutritious, low-calorie diet.
D) eliminate alcohol consumption.

Question 41

According to a 2002 longitudinal study by Bachman and his colleagues, by the time individuals reach their mid-twenties, _____ alcohol and drugs.

A) many have reduced their use of
B) most have increased their use of
C) almost all have ceased their use of
D) most have become addicted to

Question 42

Scott and Mark, college students, routinely have five or six drinks when they go out. Although they are not in the majority, a 2014 survey found that _____ of U.S. college students reported having five or more drinks in a row at least once in a two-week span.

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 45%

Question 43

Mike, in his early twenties, is at a bachelor party with many of his friends. Across the evening Mike has 12 drinks in a row. His behavior would be labeled:

A) alcoholism.
B) binge drinking.
C) typical male drinking.
D) extreme binge drinking.

Question 44

Binge drinking among college students has _____ from 2007 to 2014.

A) increased by 17%
B) increased by 6%
C) decreased by 6%
D) decreased by 17%

Question 45

According to a 2013 Gallup poll, approximately what percentage of adults age 18 to 29 reported exercising for at least 30 minutes a day, three or more times a week?

A) 21%
B) 33%
C) 52%
D) 87%

Question 46

According to several studies described in the textbook, around _____ of 21- to 22-year-olds have been binge drinking.

A) 35% to 40%
B) 50% to 55%
C) 70% to 75%
D) 85% to 90%

Question 47

Exercise has been shown to decrease all of the following EXCEPT:

A) anxiety.
B) symptoms of schizophrenia.
C) depression.
D) stress symptoms.

Question 48

Emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are:

A) married and having children.
B) married and not yet parenting.
C) sexually active and unmarried.
D) sexually active and married.

Question 49

A national survey of drinking patterns on 140 campuses showed binge drinkers reported all of the following problems EXCEPT:

A) sustaining physical injuries.
B) missing classes.
C) fighting with their parents.
D) having unprotected sex.

Question 50

Sustained exercises such as jogging, swimming, or cycling that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as:

A) calisthenics.
B) strength training.
C) flexibility exercises.
D) aerobic exercises.

Question 51

After college Brian has gained more than 30 pounds since he started working, and is now ready to get in shape. In his research on the best plan, he found that in a study of approximately 2,000 U.S. adults who were successful at weight loss, all of the following strategies worked EXCEPT:

A) exercising 30 minutes a day.
B) buying a membership at a gym.
C) weighing themselves daily.
D) planning their meals.

Question 52

Wendy and Adam are planning their wedding. They laughed when they saw their ages matched exactly what the U.S. Census Bureau reported in 2015 to be the average age of marriage. Wendy will be _____ and Adam will be _____ years old when their wedding day comes.

A) 29; 27
B) 27; 29
C) 26; 23
D) 23; 26

Question 53

Tina is 25 years old and feels like everyone is getting married expect her. She told her friend April, "I feel like I'm behind in the game of life." April said, "Actually, the average age of marriage for women now is _____, so you aren't behind at all."

A) 29
B) 27
C) 26
D) 23

Question 54

Most health experts recommend exercising vigorously enough to raise your heat rate to at least _____ of your maximum heart rate.

A) 33%
B) 60%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 55

At the beginning of emerging adulthood (age 18), _____ individuals have had sexual intercourse.

A) about 60% of
B) about half of all
C) most
D) more than a quarter of

Question 56

Based on a national poll in the United States, who is most likely to exercise?

A) Early adulthood males
B) Early adulthood females
C) Middle-aged males
D) Middle-aged females

Question 57

Charles, a college student, knows his high stress level is keeping him from doing his best work. When talking with a counselor about his concerns, he was surprised when she said, "Studies have shown that young adults who _____ have less stress and greater life satisfaction."

A) exercise regularly
B) have more friends
C) change their majors
D) eat more fruits and vegetables

Question 58

Crystal and Jamie are watching movies on Friday night. They have relatives who suffer with alcoholism and have decided not to drink during their college years. Research would say they are two in about _____ of college students who abstain from alcohol.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 59

Tapei is a young adult who has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Her therapist told her about a recent meta-analysis indicating that moderate to vigorous exercises were effective in reducing major depressive disorder. Tapei should consider:

A) calisthenics.
B) strength training.
C) flexibility exercises.
D) aerobic exercises.

Question 60

Several studies, including a longitudinal study and data from a University of Michigan study, indicate that binge drinking peaks at:

A) 17 to 18 years of age.
B) 21 to 22 years of age.
C) 25 to 26 years of age.
D) 37 to 38 years of age.

Question 61

Before Jane has sex with her boyfriend, she asks if he has tested positive for HIV and also requires that he use a condom. Given our knowledge of HIV and the sexual behavior and attitudes of most adults, we can conclude that Jane's practice is:

A) completely safe.
B) not safe, because condoms do not provide protection from HIV.
C) as safe as can be, because condoms can fail and many people lie to have sex.
D) not safe, because she could still contract HIV from casual contact with her boyfriend before sex.

Question 62

Research supports the belief that bisexuality is:

A) a stepping stone to homosexuality.
B) a stable orientation that involves attraction to both sexes.
C) always experimental and eventually leads to either a heterosexual or homosexual orientation.
D) more common in men than in women.

Question 63

One type of casual sex, having non-relationship sex (from kissing to intercourse), is called:

A) "hooking up."
B) "a friend with benefits."
C) "a college marriage."
D) "a bed buddy."

Question 64

The National Center for Health Statistics reported in 2016 that STIs affect about 1 in every _____ U.S. adults.

A) 6
B) 23
C) 45
D) 73

Question 65

Which of the following is not true of HIV?

A) Deaths from HIV/AIDS are increasing around the world.
B) Male-male sexual contact continues to be the most frequent AIDS transmission category.
C) Approximately half of all new cases occur in the 15- to 24-year-old range.
D) Over 25% of 15- to 24-year-olds in low- and middle-income countries knew that using condoms would help prevent HIV infection.

Question 66

In 1994, Robert Michael and his colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns. Results from this "Sex in America" survey suggested that Americans' sexual lives are _____ than previously believed.

A) more conservative
B) more active and kinky
C) more active but not kinky
D) less influenced by whether someone is married or not

Question 67

Manny has contracted a virus that causes sores and blisters to erupt on his penis. His doctor said there is no cure, but medication can make the sores go away faster. Manny most likely has:

A) genital herpes.
B) chlamydia.
C) syphilis.
D) gonorrhea.

Question 68

Damaris just told her mother that she is bisexual. Her mother didn't take her seriously, and said, "You're just rebelling and trying to shock me. You'll be back with a boy soon." Damaris knows that current research shows that bisexuality is:

A) a stepping stone to homosexuality.
B) a stable orientation that involves attraction to both sexes.
C) always experimental and eventually leads to either a heterosexual or homosexual orientation.
D) more common in men than in women.

Question 69

Jolie is horrified and angry to learn that her husband of 15 years, Bennett, had sex while away on a business trip last month. Bennett's defense is, "Everyone does it." Jolie remembers what she read from the 1994 Sex in America survey that found:

A) cheating is common.
B) a problem in almost half the marriages.
C) cheating is clearly the exception and not common.
D) cheating is more common among the newly married.

Question 70

Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is considered TRUE today?

A) Most individuals have a bisexual orientation.
B) Sexual orientation is an either/or proposition where individuals are either heterosexual or homosexual.
C) Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations.
D) Individuals of different sexual orientation have different physiological responses during sexual arousal.

Question 71

Results from the "Sex in America" survey suggest that adult sexual behavior is ruled by _____ and _____ for most Americans.

A) abstinence; marriage
B) kinkiness; infidelity
C) marriage; monogamy
D) cohabitation; parenting

Question 72

Which of the following has an incidence rate of one in five U.S. adults?

A) Genital herpes
B) Chlamydia
C) Syphilis
D) Gonorrhea

Question 73

The critical-period hypothesis, involving a very early prenatal critical period, could explain:

A) why homosexuals seem to be aroused by the same types of tactile stimulation as heterosexuals.
B) how sexual orientation is fluid and flexible.
C) why some clinicians consider homosexuality the product of an abnormality of the brain.
D) why sexual orientation is difficult to modify.

Question 74

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in heterosexual and homosexual relationships?

A) Lesbians have more permissive attitudes toward casual sex than gay men.
B) Heterosexual women have more sexual partners than heterosexual men.
C) Both heterosexual women and lesbians have fewer sexual partners than men.
D) Gay men are less likely to have sex outside a relationship than lesbians.

Question 75

Which gender is more likely to engage in sexual experiences with both same-sex and other-sex partners?

A) Males
B) Females
C) Both are equally likely.
D) Only males or females with chromosomal abnormalities

Question 76

Which of the following is not true of HIV?

A) Deaths from HIV/AIDS are increasing in the United States.
B) Male-male sexual contact continues to be the most frequent AIDS transmission category.
C) HIV breaks down the immune system which leads to AIDS.
D) In 2012 there were more than 1 million people in the United States living with HIV.

Question 77

A recent meta-analysis of sexual attitudes and behaviors found that men reported more of the following than women EXCEPT:

A) masturbation.
B) engagement in pornography.
C) suspicious attitudes about casual sex.
D) casual sex.

Question 78

A recent study of more than 3,900 participants, ranging from 18 to 25 years old, indicated that casual sex was related to:

A) social popularity.
B) a higher divorce rate later in life.
C) poor grades in college.
D) psychological distress.

Question 79

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key finding from the 1994 "Sex in America" survey?

A) Most Americans have sex twice a week or more.
B) Married and cohabiting couples have sex more often than noncohabiting couples.
C) Most Americans reported enjoying kinky sexual acts.
D) Women think about sex far more than men do.

Question 80

Cal and Lacy have been friends since high school. Now in college, they are both dedicated to their studies and careers, but have remained good friends. They have occasional sex, but are not in a committed relationship. This style of relationship is called:

A) "hooking up."
B) "friends with benefits."
C) "a college marriage."
D) "bed buddies."