Deck 13: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

The insula is considered to be part of the

A) hypothalamus.
B) cerebrum.
C) cerebellum.
D) thalamus.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of these regions has two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a choroid plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in all four ventricles of the brain?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates an area that is characterized by huge neurons known as pyramidal cells?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Which of these regions of the brain has frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, as well as the insula?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 6

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the primary somatosensory cortex?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the region of the brain that has the greatest surface area due to the numerous surface convolutions?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

The telencephalon develops into what adult brain structure?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 9

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the medulla oblongata, the functional neural connection between the pons and the spinal cord?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

During the human embryonic and fetal periods, the brain grows rapidly, most noticeably the growth of what structure?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 11

The hindbrain of the embryo develops into the pons, the medulla oblongata, part of the spinal cord, and what other structure?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 12

Which of these regions of the brain regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 13

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the corpus callosum, which is an area of white matter where axons from one cerebral hemisphere cross the midline to the opposite hemisphere?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates Brocaʹs area, which controls the motor movements necessary for speaking?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the corpora quadrigemina, meaning ʺfour bodiesʺ?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates Wernickeʹs area, which is important for understanding spoken words?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

The diencephalon develops into the thalamus, the epithalamus, and what other structure?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 18

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Which of these regions of the brain, besides the cerebrum, has an outer cortical layer of gray matter?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 20

Which of these regions superior-most aspect is found in close proximityl to the fourth ventricle and lies lies just posterior to the pons?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 21

It is easy to confuse the terms sulcus and gyrus (on the cerebral cortex). The difference between these two terms is that

A) a sulcus is the same as a fissure on the cerebral cortex, whereas a gyrus is a lobe.
B) a sulcus corresponds to a folia on the cerebellum, whereas a gyrus corresponds to a fissure.
C) a gyrus is a ridge, and a sulcus is a groove.
D) a sulcus is a groove, and a gyrus is a deeper groove.

Question 22

Shearing of axons in a diffuse axonal injury causes such widespread disruptions because such an injury involves

A) projection fibers.
B) association fibers.
C) pyramidal tract fibers.
D) commissural fibers.

Question 23

A ʺmotor homunculusʺ can be visualized as an overlay on the precentral gyrus. The reason why the facial region of this homunculus covers such a large surface area is because

A) we have very expressive faces.
B) we have very sensitive lips.
C) our eyes are large for seeing.
D) our ears are large for hearing.

Question 24

The visual association area of the cerebral cortex is located in the

A) occipital lobe.
B) insula.
C) frontal lobe.
D) parietal lobe.

Question 25

Which of these lobes of the cerebrum lies anterior to the central sulcus?

A) cerebellum
B) temporal lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) occipital lobe

Question 26

Which of these regions is the largest part of the diencephalon and forms the upper and lateral walls of the third ventricle?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 27

What types of sensory information are conveyed toward the brain in the lateral spinothalamic tracts?

A) pain and temperature
B) equilibrium
C) visual senses
D) discriminative touch

Question 28

The function of the blood-brain barrier is to

A) keep neurons from innervating blood vessels.
B) provide an impenetrable barrier between blood and brain, because the brain gets all its nourishment from the cerebrospinal fluid.
C) prevent all contact between bloodborne molecules and brain tissue.
D) help protect the central nervous system.

Question 29

Which of the following is associated with Alzheimerʹs disease?

A) accumulation of protein plaques around neurons
B) deterioration of the substantia nigra of the midbrain
C) cerebral ischemia
D) inadequate vitamin B

Question 30

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by choroid plexuses in all the following locations except the

A) central canal.
B) lateral ventricle.
C) fourth ventricle.
D) third ventricle.

Question 31

Which of these regions of the brain contains the basal forebrain nuclei in the deep gray matter?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 32

The axons in the inferior olivary nuclei relay sensory impulses for

A) smell.
B) proprioception.
C) sound.
D) vision.

Question 33

Three ʺseeing/visionʺ nuclei that occupy the midbrain of humans are the

A) red nucleus, substantia nigra, and cerebral peduncle.
B) superior colliculi, motor nucleus for oculomotor nerve, and motor nucleus for trochlear nerve.
C) lateral geniculate, red nucleus, and visual association area.
D) inferior colliculi, reticular formation, and periaqueductal gray.

Question 34

The cell bodies located in the anteriormost region of the spinal cordʹs gray matter belong to this group.

A) somatic motor
B) visceral sensory
C) somatic sensory
D) visceral motor

Question 35

The fluid-filled ventricles within the cerebrum are similar in function to the of the spinal cord.

A) pia mater
B) dura mater
C) central canal
D) subarachnoid space

Question 36

Which of these regions of the brain regulates hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland (hypophysis)?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 37

Which of the following is a descending motor spinal tract?

A) pyramidal pathway
B) spinocerebellar pathway
C) dorsal column pathway
D) spinothalamic pathway

Question 38

Which of these regions functions to direct nearly all sensory input, except olfactory impulses, to the cerebral cortex?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 39

Which region of the cerebellum functionally sequences complex voluntary muscle contractions to adjust posture as body position changes?

A) the deep cerebellar nuclei
B) the cortex
C) the flocculonodular lobes
D) white matter

Question 40

Which of these regions lies between the optic chiasma and the posterior border of the mammillary bodies?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 41

The calcarine sulcus contains which functional area?

A) auditory association
B) frontal eye field
C) primary visual
D) primary somatosensory

Question 42

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in

A) nuclei of the cranial nerves.
B) the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord.
C) the dorsal root ganglia external to the spinal cord.
D) the thalamus.

Question 43

Cerebrospinal fluid is located within the

A) cerebral cortex.
B) orbits.
C) subarachnoid space.
D) superior sagittal sinus.

Question 44

The tough, dense fibrous connective tissue meningeal layer is the

A) subarachnoid.
B) pia mater.
C) arachnoid.
D) dura mater.

Question 45

The cauda equina

A) describes the radiating patterns of projection fibers.
B) is a series of nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral region.
C) is confined to the thoracic and cervical segments of the spinal cord.
D) consists of hair like the tail of a horse.

Question 46

One of the distinctions between the cerebrum and cerebellum is that

A) the cerebellum is involved only in refining motor responses, whereas the cerebrum is involved in both motor function and cognition.
B) fibers of the cerebellum enter and leave ipsilaterally, whereas those of the cerebrum enter and leave contralateraly.
C) gray matter is found superficially and deep in the cerebrum but is present only superficially in the cerebellum.
D) the cerebrum is folded into gyri and lobes, whereas the cerebellum is only folded into folia but lacks lobes.

Question 47

All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the

A) cingulate gyrus.
B) caudate nucleus.
C) amygdaloid nucleus.
D) hippocampus.

Question 48

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A) arachnoid and dura
B) arachnoid and pia
C) arachnoid and bone of skull
D) dura and epidura

Question 49

The cell bodies located in the posteriormost region of the spinal cordʹs gray matter belong to this group.

A) visceral sensory
B) visceral motor
C) somatic sensory
D) somatic motor

Question 50

A lesion to the inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla would interfere with the function of which other structure(s)?

A) the limbic system
B) spinal motor neurons
C) the cerebellum
D) the reticular formation

Question 51

Posterior gray horns of the spinal cord consist of

A) motor neurons.
B) dorsal roots.
C) sensory ganglia.
D) cell bodies of interneurons.

Question 52

The sheet of dura mater that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the

A) falx cerebelli.
B) tentorium cerebri.
C) superior sagittal sinus.
D) falx cerebri.

Question 53

What is the anatomical distinction between the basal ganglia and the basal forebrain nuclei?

A) The basal ganglia are located outside the CNS, whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located within the cerebrum.
B) The basal forebrain nuclei are located in the prefrontal cortex, whereas the basal ganglia are within the midbrain.
C) The basal ganglia are located in the brain stem, whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located within the cerebrum.
D) The basal forebrain nuclei are located closer to the hypothalamus, whereas the basal ganglia lie near the internal capsule.

Question 54

The abstract representation of the homunculus overlaid on the somatosensory cerebral cortex has the

A) thumbs and fingers proximal to the longitudinal fissure.
B) genitals proximal to the longitudinal fissure.
C) head and face proximal to the longitudinal fissure.
D) feet and ankles distal to the longitudinal fissure.

Question 55

The second largest region of the brain is the

A) diencephalon.
B) cerebellum.
C) brain stem.
D) cerebrum.

Question 56

Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?

A) medulla
B) pons
C) fourth ventricle
D) basal nuclei

Question 57

Which of the following is a motor area for vision?

A) primary visual cortex
B) visual association area
C) frontal eye field
D) premotor cortex

Question 58

Cutting the corpus callosum would lead to which of the following?

A) The right cerebral hemisphere cannot communicate directly with the left hemisphere.
B) Emotional problems develop.
C) Visual reflexes are lost.
D) One-half of the body is paralyzed.

Question 59

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate (inferiorly) in the average adult?

A) between L1 and L2
B) between L5 and S1
C) S₅ D) C₃

Question 60

Which of the following is not a function of nuclei within the reticular formation?

A) adjust respiratory and cardiovascular functions
B) consolidate and store memories
C) maintain consciousness and alertness
D) coordinate cranial nerve reflexes

Question 61

Neural centers that control heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the

A) medulla.
B) thalamus.
C) cerebrum.
D) midbrain.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a midbrain structure?

A) third ventricle
B) corpora quadrigemina
C) cerebral peduncles
D) red nucleus

Question 63

The hypothalamus, in addition to the cerebral cortex, is in control of emotional responses.

Question 64

Two parts of the brain that are most involved in emotions are the

A) cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus.
B) red nucleus and substantia nigra.
C) medulla and cerebellum.
D) superior and inferior colliculi.

Question 65

The vasomotor center of the medulla regulates blood pressure.

Question 66

The brain stem consists of the

A) midbrain, medulla, and pons.
B) midbrain only.
C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain.
D) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla.

Question 67

All of the following can lead to hydrocephalus except

A) blockage of the cerebral aqueduct by a small brain tumor.
B) meningitis that scars the arachnoid mater.
C) Alzheimerʹs disease.
D) an overactive choroid plexus.

Question 68

After someone faints, smelling salts of ammonia may be placed under the personʹs nose. The person breathes the ammonia vapors, which deliver a sharp jolt to the nasal membranes, and the person wakes up. This illustrates

A) the function of the hypothalamus in controlling sleep.
B) how smells elicit memories of being awake, causing the person to awaken.
C) how smells bring about emotions.
D) the function of sensory input to the reticular activating system.

Question 69

The only one of the meninges that follows the brain surface into a cerebral sulcus is the

A) pia mater.
B) alma mater.
C) dura mater.
D) arachnoid mater.

Question 70

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is connected to the hypothalamus and receives regulatory impulses that control the secretion of hormones.

Question 71

In the olivary nuclei in the medulla, mostly proprioceptive sensory impulses are relayed to the cerebellum.

Question 72

Which areas of the brain are most likely to process and store motor skill memories?

A) the thalamus and hypothalamus
B) the amygdala and cingulate gyrus
C) the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum
D) the ependymal cells and ventricles

Question 73

The main visceral control center of the brain is the

A) thalamus.
B) reticular formation.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 74

Which of the following is not part of the basal ganglia?

A) putamen
B) Wernickeʹs area
C) caudate nucleus
D) globus pallidus

Question 75

Sleep-wake cycles are controlled by the pineal gland and the

A) medulla oblongata.
B) visual cortex.
C) hypothalamus.
D) thalamus.

Question 76

If the most caudal part of the CNS is the conus medullaris, then the most rostral part is/are the

A) prefrontal lobes.
B) precentral and postcentral gyri.
C) hypothalamus.
D) cauda equina.

Question 77

Which of the following grooves separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A) longitudinal fissure
B) central sulcus
C) lateral sulcus
D) transverse cerebral fissure

Question 78

A cerebrovascular accident patient who is unable to recognize faces and objects but can still visually perceive spatial arrangement of objects most likely has damage to

A) the temporal lobe.
B) the primary visual cortex.
C) the posterior association area.
D) the occipital lobe.

Question 79

The ventral portion of the cerebral peduncles connects the midbrain to the cerebellum and contains the pyramidal (corticospinal) motor tracts descending to the spinal cord.

Question 80

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a

A) gyrus.
B) furrow.
C) fissure.
D) sulcus.