Deck 10: Substance-Related and Other Addictive Disorders

Question 1

Our bodies produce "clean-up" enzymes, including ____, to counteract toxins that build-up as alcohol is metabolized.

A) aldehyde dehydrogenase
B) glucose oxidase
C) endoprotease
D) lactase

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The rate of illicit drug use is most prevalent among Americans who are ____.

A) males and young adults
B) of Asian ancestry
C) older adults
D) females

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Excessive drinking is especially problematic among those in college. According to research conducted by Sloane et al. (2010), ____.

A) 10 percent of the college students reported binge-drinking and many reported drinking at least 5 days during the month
B) undergraduates report using drugs and alcohol to cope with anxiety and depression
C) 75 percent of the college students reported binge-drinking and many reported drinking at least 5 days during the month
D) almost all college students reported binge-drinking at least five time a month

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Avery has been snorting cocaine for over a year. In his attempts to achieve a high that is as euphoric as his first (which he will never be able to do), he now needs increasingly greater amounts of the drug. This demonstrates ____.

A) physical dependence
B) withdrawal
C) tolerance
D) addiction

Question 5

After heavy or sustained use of a substance, reduction in, or abstinence from the substance results in w ____.

A) withdrawal
B) tolerance
C) intoxication
D) psychosis

Question 6

In 2012, an estimated ____ adolescents and adults met the criteria for a substance-use disorder at some time during the year.

A) 22.5 million
B) 12.5 million
C) 5.2 million
D) 8.3 million

Question 7

Which statement about alcohol consumption in the United States is accurate?

A) Women drink two to five times as much as men.
B) The heaviest drinking group is in the age range 28 to 35.
C) Males in all age groups are more likely to drink alcohol than females.
D) Roughly 90 percent of all adults are drinkers.

Question 8

Studies of biological factors affecting development of substance-use disorders implicate the neurotransmitter ____.

A) dopamine
B) adrenaline
C) epinephrine
D) acetylcholine

Question 9

Dwayne has been using heroin for two years. While visiting his mother, he decides to stop. When he stops using the drug, Dwayne experiences shaking, irritability, and an inability to concentrate because he is going through ____.

A) psychological dependence
B) tolerance
C) addiction
D) withdrawal

Question 10

Bess has been using Valium for two years even though it impairs her work performance and jeopardizes her safety. She often drives while intoxicated by the medication. She shows neither tolerance nor withdrawal. According to the DSM-5, Bess's drug use illustrates ____.

A) substance intoxication
B) substance dependence
C) substance use disorder
D) substance-induced disorder

Question 11

Which term refers to episodic drinking involving five or more drinks on a single occasion for men and four or more drinks for women?

A) binge drinking
B) heavy drinking
C) moderate drinking
D) sporadic drinking

Question 12

DSM differentiates substance use disorders based on the substance used and _____.

A) whether there are associated legal problems
B) the number of symptoms
C) the presence of other mental disorder such as depression or mania
D) whether or not there is evidence of tolerance to the drug's effects

Question 13

Stewart is a musician and often takes meth before his performances to help give him an "edge." Recently he has found that when he hasn't had a performance for several days and thus has not taken meth, he begins to feel fatigued and dragged out. He becomes high, agitated, and can't concentrate on his music. Stewart is demonstrating ____.

A) an addiction
B) symptoms of withdrawal
C) psychological dependence
D) tolerance

Question 14

Because the drug Kelly takes makes him feel calm, relaxed, and more sociable, we can guess that the drug is ____.

A) a depressant
B) a stimulant
C) an amphetamine
D) LSD

Question 15

Physiological dependence Is best described as

A) a state of adaptation that occurs after chronic exposure to a substance; can result in craving and withdrawal symptoms
B) the use of psychoactive substances in a way that produces intoxication, delirium, and other cognitive disorders
C) the use of psychoactive substances in a way that makes an individual dangerous to others in society
D) ailments arising from the use of psychoactive substances that affect the central nervous system and cause social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems

Question 16

Sally is dependent on a drug that energizes her central nervous system and produces euphoria. It is likely that the drug is a ____.

A) depressant
B) stimulant
C) hallucinogen
D) painkiller

Question 17

Which drug is thought to have the lowest addiction potential?

A) LSD
B) cocaine
C) alcohol
D) opium

Question 18

Which category of substance causes a slowing down of responses, feelings of relaxation, and lower interpersonal inhibitions?

A) depressants
B) stimulants
C) hormones
D) hallucinogens

Question 19

Psychoactive substances are substances that ____.

A) alter moods, thought processes, or other psychological states
B) are considered illicit drugs only
C) have dependence potential but not abuse potential in users
D) are available over-the-counter

Question 20

Which statement is an accurate summary with regard to drug use?

A) Only in recent years have people used chemicals to change their moods or levels of consciousness.
B) Throughout history, people have used chemicals to change their moods, behavior, and levels of consciousness.
C) All chemicals used today to change people's moods are considered illegal.
D) The primary goal for most people who use substances is to cure their illnesses.

Question 21

Which statement about alcohol consumption and ethnicity in the United States is accurate?

A) Asian Americans have the lowest levels of heavy and binge drinking.
B) The level of consumption is roughly the same across the cultural dimension of ethnicity.
C) Hispanic American women consume more alcohol than Hispanic American men.
D) Drinking alcohol is less common among European Americans than Asian Americans.

Question 22

Which statement about prescription opioids is accurate?

A) Research indicates more males than females are addicted to prescription opioids, and many turn to criminal activities to support their drug habit.
B) Research indicates dependency to prescription opioids rarely interferes with the dependent person's ability to maintain relationships and a career.
C) Research indicates tolerance to prescription opioids builds up very gradually and withdrawal effects are slight or nonexistent.
D) Research indicates many opioid-abusers began their habit with prescribed opioids, eventually buying prescription opioids illegally or trying heroin.

Question 23

Male chronic heavy users of alcohol drink ____.

A) more than two drinks per day
B) more than three drinks per day
C) more than four drinks per day
D) more than five drinks per day

Question 24

Dr. Wold cautions his class about amphetamine use. He says, "They speed up central nervous system activity, which can account for users' increased alertness, energy, and feelings of euphoria. They also increase appetite and sleep. However, they are not physically addictive and do not produce tolerance." Which part of Dr. Wold's statement is accurate?

A) Their use increases appetite.
B) They are not physically addictive.
C) They speed up central nervous system activity.
D) Their use increases sleep.

Question 25

Danielle's family is justifiably worried that her excessive use of a "downer" will lead to an accidental overdose and death. It further worries them that she often takes the drug with alcohol. Which drug are they probably concerned about?

A) phencyclidine
B) marijuana
C) amphetamine
D) barbiturate

Question 26

A health class videotape says, "This drug comes from opium and is really scary because after feeling relaxed and happy, you develop a tolerance quickly and need more. Because most people put it in their bodies with needles, there is an increased risk of getting AIDS. The withdrawal effects are awful." What drug is being described?

A) heroin
B) marijuana
C) LSD
D) crack cocaine

Question 27

Juan is feeling the negative physiological consequences of heavy, prolonged alcohol use. These effects probably include ____.

A) extreme hyperactivity and delusions of persecution
B) having flashbacks and hallucinations
C) headache, fatigue, sweating, body tremors, and mood changes
D) the opposite of how he typically responds to alcohol

Question 28

The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is ____.

A) caffeine
B) nicotine
C) marijuana
D) Valium

Question 29

Among young adults aged (21-25) each year, about ____.

A) about 45 percent engage in binge drinking
B) 100000 are injured under the influence of alcohol
C) binge drinkers consume less than do nonstudents of the same age
D) two million are assaulted by another student who has been drinking

Question 30

Codeine, heroin, and morphine all ____ and are derived from the ____.

A) stimulate the central nervous system; cannabis plant
B) stimulate the central nervous system; coca plant
C) depress the central nervous system; opium plant
D) depress the central nervous system; marijuana plant

Question 31

Faye is in a treatment program in which she gets either a voucher or cash incentive for verified abstinence, adhering to treatment goals, or taking prescribed medication. This type of treatment is called ____.

A) motivational enhancement therapy
B) contingency management
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy
D) aversion therapy

Question 32

Dr. Applebaum says, "Contrary to popular belief, this substance actually functions to inhibit the central nervous system. At low doses, it appears to cause disinhibition because the inhibitory centers of the brain are those first depressed. At high doses, this drug can cause unconsciousness and even death." What drug is Dr. Applebaum referring to?

A) alcohol
B) cocaine
C) nicotine
D) cannabis

Question 33

Which drug name is correctly paired with its general category of drugs?

A) morphine-stimulant
B) Xanax-barbiturate
C) Valium-benzodiazepine
D) meth-depressant

Question 34

Frequently, when alcohol is initially ingested, individuals report feeling "wild and excited." These feelings result because ____.

A) the absorption of alcohol is quite slow, allowing for initial kick
B) alcohol is a stimulant
C) alcohol inhibits the functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system
D) alcohol depresses the inhibitory centers in the brain

Question 35

Which statement about barbiturates is accurate?

A) They represent the largest category of illegal drugs.
B) Physical and psychological dependence can develop through use of barbiturates.
C) Nonmedical use of barbiturates is highest among adolescents.
D) Because their legal use is severely restricted, it difficult to misuse them.

Question 36

Due to the genetic make-up and physiology of Asians, the production of "clean-up" enzymes such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is ____, which may influence the low prevalence rates of alcoholism among Asians.

A) minimized
B) maximized
C) optimized
D) neutralized

Question 37

A man with a blood alcohol concentration level of 0.30 percent is seen at a hospital. We can guess that this man is ____.

A) unconscious or dead
B) not an alcoholic
C) having trouble walking a straight line
D) feeling happy and uninhibited

Question 38

Mrs. Healy originally took this widely prescribed sedative medication to reduce anxiety and muscle tension. Now, however, she cannot deal with stress without using it, and she has developed a tolerance to it. What drug is she probably taking?

A) Antabuse
B) Valium
C) phencyclidine
D) caffeine

Question 39

Which drug belongs in the sedative category?

A) amphetamine
B) caffeine
C) nicotine
D) benzodiazepine

Question 40

Natalie uses cocaine, marijuana, and alcohol on a daily basis and shows tolerance. She's been doing this for almost two years now. Individuals who use multiple substances ____.

A) rarely become addicted to any
B) typically are abusing only one
C) usually only abuse one at a time
D) are at increased risk of adverse outcomes

Question 41

Herschel is brought to the hospital by six policemen who struggle to keep him from acting violently. He has been smoking a mixture of marijuana and a particular drug. During his first several days in the hospital, Herschel is either suspicious and violent or fearful. He staggers when he walks and has slurred speech. Herschel was probably using marijuana and what other drug?

A) barbiturate
B) LSD
C) phencyclidine
D) heroin

Question 42

The single most preventable cause of death in the United States is ____.

A) drunk driving
B) cigarette smoking
C) drug overdose
D) alcohol toxicity

Question 43

A certain substance inhibits sleep, increases alertness, and speeds up central nervous system. It easily becomes habit forming, with rapid development of tolerance. Chronic users experience paranoid delusions and brain damage. What drug is this?

A) amphetamine
B) caffeine
C) barbiturate
D) heroin

Question 44

Betty has tried to stop using a particular drug permanently, but her attempts have been unsuccessful. When she stops using, she experiences irritability and difficulty concentrating. Even though she has emphysema, a serious physical disorder, she continues to use it. Surprisingly, it is a legal drug. To which drug is Betty probably addicted?

A) caffeine
B) alcohol
C) marijuana
D) nicotine

Question 45

Carly has been having flashbacks, reexperiencing a "bad trip" she had two months ago. At that time she wound up in the hospital because she was having terrifying hallucinations. The drug Carly was using at that time must have been ____.

A) marijuana
B) LSD
C) heroin
D) crack

Question 46

Almost 20 million adults and adolescents report current use of this substance in the United States, but it is illegal. It produces mild perceptual and sensory distortions, and is usually smoked. It is called ____.

A) marijuana
B) cocaine
C) heroin
D) nicotine

Question 47

Which statement about medical marijuana is most accurate?

A) It is legal in all 50 states, in DC and in all terroritories.
B) The active ingredient in marijuana is known to cure cancer.
C) It is widely used to treat intractable seizure disorders.
D) The FDA does not consider it as a safe or effective treatment.

Question 48

Darryl, age 15, likes this drug because it produces an intense and immediate, but brief, high, and is smoked. The drug, derived from the coca plant, is most likely ____.

A) PCP
B) crack
C) ice
D) crank

Question 49

Stephanie meets Sam at a rave. As they are talking, Sam put a drug into Stephanie's drink as she turns her head to talk to a friend. When she wakes up the next morning, she finds herself in bed with Sam and learns that he had raped her the night before, although she has no memory of the assault. It is most likely that the drug Sam put into Stephanie's drink was ____.

A) ecstasy
B) MDMA
C) Rohypnol
D) LSD

Question 50

The constant desire for cocaine, the high cost of the substance, and the need for increased doses to achieve a "high" can cause users to ____.

A) be particularly prone to polysubstance use
B) work harder to maintain relationships and a career
C) start using alcohol in an attempt to control their use
D) resort to criminal activities to support their drug habit

Question 51

When Russell is stressed, he takes cocaine because it slows his heart rate and makes him sleepy and hungry. He snorts the drug and is able to stop using it after a couple of uses. When the cocaine effects wear off, he feels depressed. What portion of Russell's substance use is likely?

A) It is likely that cocaine slows his heart rate.
B) It is likely that he will feel depressed after the cocaine effects wear off.
C) It is likely that he will become able to stop using after a couple of uses.
D) It is likely that cocaine makes him sleepy and hungry.

Question 52

A health teacher says, "Marijuana is a hallucinogen that can also produce stimulant and depressant effects. There are no medical uses for marijuana; it is strictly a recreational drug and it has no known adverse effects." Which part of the teacher's statement is accurate?

A) Marijuana can produce hallucinogenic, stimulant, and depressant effects.
B) Marijuana has no medicinal uses.
C) Marijuana is strictly a recreational drug.
D) Marijuana has no known adverse effects.

Question 53

According to Walter (2001), progression from initial substance use to substance use disorder follows a(n) ____ sequence.

A) typical
B) atypical
C) haphazard
D) heterogeneous

Question 54

Which drug is most associated with hallucinations, bad trips, and flashbacks?

A) LSD
B) amphetamine
C) marijuana
D) Valium

Question 55

Timothy injected LSD intravenously. He experiences visual hallucinations and has developed a quick tolerance for the drug. In addition to the effects from LSD, Timothy has experienced fatigue and loss of inhibitions. What part of Timothy's case is usual?

A) LSD produces tolerance.
B) Side effects of fatigue and loss on inhibition are common with LSD.
C) Visual hallucinations are common with LSD.
D) LSD is generally injected, not taken orally.

Question 56

In support of the assertion that addiction is a disease, Wollschlaeger (2007) indicates that ____.

A) recovering alcoholics must completely abstain from drinking
B) alcoholics can learn to limit their drinking to appropriate levels
C) controlled drinking may work for some alcohol abusers
D) alcoholics have the ability to control only some aspects of what causes the disease

Question 57

Bernie is a heavy marijuana user who has developed impaired memory and concentration abilities. Although Bernie finds it to be relaxing, he is extremely concerned regarding the consequences of his marijuana use. What is unusual about Bernie's case?

A) Most marijuana users are women.
B) Marijuana use rarely impairs memory or concentration.
C) Marijuana users tend not to be concerned about their use.
D) Marijuana is used for its stimulant effects.

Question 58

Which statement concerning crack cocaine is accurate?

A) It is typically snorted through the nose.
B) It produces a slower but more pleasant euphoria than regular cocaine.
C) It is a form of cocaine that does not produce tolerance or withdrawal.
D) It is a more potent form of cocaine that is smoked.

Question 59

Which drug is heated with other substances and smoked for an immediate, but short-lived effect?

A) LSD
B) valium
C) ecstasy
D) cocaine

Question 60

Which negative consequence of using phencyclidine is most likely?

A) violent psychotic behavior
B) emphysema and lung cancer
C) AIDS
D) total tranquility and passivity

Question 61

Marlon is physically dependent on heroin. If he stops using the drug, he may ____.

A) experience withdrawal symptoms which are often severe
B) find he has very few cravings if he stops abruptly
C) have a potentially deadly withdrawal unless supervised by a doctor
D) find that Antabuse makes the withdrawal symptoms much easier to take

Question 62

The results of research on genetic and environmental factors involved in alcohol abuse find that ____.

A) genetic factors accounted for 56 percent of the risk of alcohol dependence
B) genetic factors accounted for 75 percent of the risk of alcohol abuse
C) genetic factors accounted for 45 percent of the risk of alcohol dependence while shared early environment made an 11 percent contribution to risk
D) genetic factors made no significant contribution to risk of alcohol dependence while early environment made accounted for 56 percent of the risk of alcohol dependence

Question 63

Genetic influences that make alcohol consumption aversive and thus reduce risk of alcoholism include the protective effects of ____.

A) gender
B) hormonal balancing mechanisms
C) variations in genes that produce ALDH enzymes
D) gene and environment interactions

Question 64

Jean just returned from active duty in a war zone. He has been experiencing hyperarousal and reexperiencing the traumatic events he encountered. Which substance is he most likely to turn to first?

A) alcohol
B) cocaine
C) heroin
D) valium

Question 65

Which statement accurately reflects our knowledge of the causes of drug use?

A) One personality style-the antisocial personality-is the basis for nearly all drug use.
B) Biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural influences are involved in drug use.
C) All drug users have one thing in common: a genetic predisposition to use drugs.
D) People use illegal drugs because they are forbidden and largely unfamiliar

Question 66

Stanley has entered a rehabilitation facility for treatment of his addiction to barbiturates. He is immediately prevented from using the drugs and experiences agitation, restlessness, increased respiration, and insomnia. This phase of treatment is called ____.

A) detoxification
B) opponent processing
C) arousal
D) primary rehabilitation

Question 67

Risk of relapse following drug treatment is highest ____.

A) when cravings occur
B) when one is feeling very positive emotional states
C) when one is under social pressure
D) several years after treatment has ended

Question 68

The personality characteristic of ____, associated with rebelliousness, novelty-seeking, risk-taking and impulsivity, increases risk of substance use.

A) behavioral undercontrol
B) extraversion
C) introversion
D) aggression

Question 69

Alcoholism among Hispanic groups is believed to be most affected by which factor?

A) negative consequences
B) media messages
C) discrimination
D) peer pressure

Question 70

A woman in treatment for alcohol use disorder is allowed to consume one drink at an outing as part of her program. What is this called?

A) controlled drinking
B) regulated relapse
C) prolonged abstinence relapse
D) contingency

Question 71

Which term indicates intoxication from chemical vapors found in a variety of common household products?

A) "huffing"
B) "sniffing"
C) "cleaning"
D) "crashing"

Question 72

Molly hears that addiction may be due to changes in brain patterns and activity as a result of repeated drug use. When she asks her professor why this is so, he cites research which states that ____.

A) what she has heard is only a myth, and has no basis in fact
B) only individuals with familial alcoholism and drug addiction are likely to show these changes in brain patterns
C) the chronic flooding of dopamine from drug use eventually results in compulsive drug-seeking behavior
D) the research is merely correlational and no one is certain why this happens

Question 73

When raised by parents who use alcohol or other drugs liberally, adolescents ____.

A) receive less parental monitoring and have increased substance use
B) may experiment with alcohol and drugs, but rarely use to excess
C) tend not to drink alcohol because they see how harmful it is
D) will likely drink
Heavily but not use other drugs

Question 74

Based on their drug and alcohol use research of adolescents, Van Gundy, Cesar, and Rebellon (2010) found that ____ use during adolescence predicts later illicit substance use.

A) cannabis
B) caffeine
C) nicotine
D) alcohol

Question 75

Alcoholism specialists who believe alcoholism is a disease argue that chronic alcohol use ____.

A) changes cerebral functioning in fundamental and long-lasting ways
B) can be cured by the use of medications like Antabuse.
C) can be controlled through controlled, moderate alcohol use
D) can largely be accounted for by a single mutated gene

Question 76

Which drug has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties?

A) benzodiazepine
B) cocaine
C) Ecstasy
D) heroin

Question 77

Peggy says that since she has gotten to know George, she realizes that he has an alcoholic personality. According to the research on substance abuse what personality trait is most associated with substance use and abuse?

A) behavioral undercontrol
B) need for sameness
C) schizotypy
D) introversion

Question 78

Andre is trying to abstain from using drugs. Which factor is most likely to result in his relapse?

A) the fact that he was a light user
B) becoming concerned about his academic success in college
C) having a job that he enjoys
D) lack of a social support network

Question 79

It is likely that the body's reduced production of ____ reduces the risk of substance abuse in some populations.

A) ALDH
B) THC
C) PCP
D) GABA

Question 80

The two main psychological motives for substance use appear to be ____.

A) coping with stress and emotional symptoms
B) sexual desire and aggression
C) anxiety and inhibition
D) hostility and depression