Deck 6: Somatic and Dissociative Disorders

Question 1

Depersonalization disorder differs from other dissociative disorders in that it ____.

A) is caused by neurological damage
B) involves total loss of memory of one's past
C) is the most common dissociative disorder
D) is rarely related to stressful events

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Repressed memories that surface after many years, often within the context of therapy, are generally believed to involve ____.

A) overprotective, smothering parents
B) overwhelming or threatening trauma in childhood
C) excessive intellectual and tactile stimulation early in childhood
D) a childhood in which the family moved at least once a year

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Jerald wakes up in New Jersey, some four hundred miles from his home in New Hampshire. He cannot remember how he got there, and he has no memory of his former life. He establishes a new identity in New Jersey. This illustrates ____.

A) dissociative identity disorder
B) localized amnesia
C) depersonalization disorder
D) dissociative fugue

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The symptoms of dissociative disorders generally become known through ____.

A) clinical observation
B) complaints by a patient's family members
C) self-reports
D) psychological testing

Question 5

Which type of dissociative amnesia disorder is correctly paired with its chief characteristic?

A) generalized amnesia-partial loss of memory for a short period of time
B) localized amnesia-loss of all memory for a short period of time
C) systematized amnesia-inability to recall events between a specific time in the past and the present
D) selective amnesia-memory loss associated with fleeing a stressful event and developing a new identity

Question 6

In a classroom presentation, Kato reports, "Dissociative disorders are nonpsychotic conditions in which people develop physical problems even though there is no physiological cause. They are very rare." What error has Kato made?

A) Dissociative disorders do not involve physical problems.
B) Dissociative disorders are physiologically caused.
C) Dissociative disorders are psychotic conditions.
D) Dissociative disorders are very common.

Question 7

Colleen has been diagnosed with depersonalization disorder. Which symptoms should be present?

A) Vague and diverse physical complaints such as nausea and headache
B) An inability to remember events just before and during a crisis
C) Travel to another town and the establishment of a new identity
D) Perceptions that her body and her environment are unreal

Question 8

Caitlyn has been diagnosed with depersonalization disorder. We can presume that she would make which statement?

A) "I must be going crazy because it appears as if that my body is distorted and unreal."
B) "I can remember going into the house when it was on fire, but I cannot remember getting out."
C) "I found myself in a new city with a new identity and no recollection of who Caitlyn was."
D) "I have strange feelings when people seem to know me but call me by the name Caitlyn; I don't even know who they are talking about."

Question 9

Pedro has the most common form of dissociative amnesia. He was a witness to his father's murder but has no memory of the event. This illustrates ____.

A) depersonalization
B) fugue
C) localized amnesia
D) generalized amnesia

Question 10

Dante is a middle-aged man with a history of depression. Recently, he has been diagnosed with dissociative fugue. He adopts a completely new identity while staying in his hometown. His amnesia lasts only a short time. What aspect of this case is unusual for dissociative fugue?

A) It is unusual for depression to be associated with dissociative fugue.
B) It is unusual for fugue to involve a completely new identity.
C) It is unusual for people with fugue to remain in their hometown.
D) It is unusual for dissociative fugue to last only a short time.

Question 11

Which statement about the validity of repressed memories is accurate?

A) Because hypnosis is often used, we can be fairly certain they are valid memories.
B) Determining the validity of memories dating from an early age is very difficult.
C) In almost every case, repressed memories of sexual abuse are fabricated.
D) Because people do not forget other traumatic events the memories must be repressed.

Question 12

Jane Doe had total memory loss of her previous life. Even when her parents identified her when she appeared on television, she claimed she could not remember them as her parents. Jane illustrates ____.

A) dissociative amnesia
B) localized amnesia
C) selective amnesia
D) systematized amnesia

Question 13

Which form of dissociative amnesia involves the inability to remember only certain details of an incident and is quite commonly claimed by individuals charged with homicide?

A) selective amnesia
B) continuous amnesia
C) dissociative fugue
D) localized amnesia

Question 14

Research by Pezdek, Blandon-Gitlin, and Gabbay (2006) on false memories points out that ____.

A) only plausible information can be planted in someone's memory
B) parents or therapists can unintentionally plant or strengthen implausible memories
C) it is easier to plant implausible memories than plausible memories
D) it is almost impossible to plant false memories

Question 15

A psychologist reviews a client's records. "This individual's issue is that a part of her consciousness-her memory-has split off from the rest of her consciousness, even though there is no evidence of brain damage." The psychologist is describing a person with a(n) ____.

A) organic brain disorder
B) anxiety disorder
C) somatoform disorder
D) dissociative disorder

Question 16

Are reports of formerly repressed memories authentic?

A) Research suggests that they are authentic in 80 to 90 percent of cases.
B) Research suggests that they are authentic in about half of all cases.
C) Research suggests that such memories are primarily the result of mass media reporting.
D) At this point in time, it is not clear how many cases of repressed memory are authentic.

Question 17

Maria, an adolescent with a history of sleepwalking, is diagnosed as having dissociative identity disorder (DID). She was severely abused as a child and, in response, has developed three distinct personalities. She has no gaps in her memory. What aspect of Maria's case is unusual for DID?

A) That she was severely abused as a child
B) That she has a history of sleepwalking
C) That she has more than two personalities
D) That she has no gaps in her memory

Question 18

Teresa has an intense and terrifying feeling that she is no longer real and that she is looking at herself and the world from a distance. These feelings have caused major impairments in her work and personal life The most likely diagnosis is ____.

A) dissociative amnesia
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) somatoform disorder
D) depersonalization disorder

Question 19

Which of the following is indicative of a dissociative disorder?

A) motor or sensory symptoms incongruent with any neurological or medical disorder
B) a separation of part of a person's consciousness or identity
C) falsifying symptoms of amnesia
D) the ability to only remember certain details of an incident

Question 20

Children and adolescents are rarely affected by the dissociative disorder known as ____.

A) depersonalization
B) dissociative amnesia
C) dissociative fugue
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 21

Dr. Newman used hypnosis to help Marianne return to her childhood and uncover a hidden trauma that might be causing her symptoms. Dr. Newman's therapeutic orientation is probably ____.

A) humanistic/existential
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) behaviorist

Question 22

Harvey is diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. His mother severely abused him from the time he was six years old. The first of his personalities developed around seven. According to his psychoanalyst, the development of separate personalities served the purpose of ____.

A) providing substitute significant others to replace an unacceptable parent
B) taking the pain of the abuse so that his core personality would survive
C) helping Harvey to remember his mother's viciousness when he grew older
D) getting Harvey additional attention from family members

Question 23

A friend of yours asks, "Isn't it easy to tell when a person is faking the symptoms of dissociative identity disorder?" What would be an accurate answer?

A) "No, because there is no way to accurately determine the existence of multiple personalities."
B) "Yes, you can give them personality tests, those can't be faked."
C) "Yes, diagnosis is usually done after hypnosis, when people are most truthful."
D) "Yes, differences in EEG tracing prove who is showing a different personality and who is not."

Question 24

The cognitive approach to treating depersonalization disorder would emphasize the use of ____.

A) hypnosis to uncover the unconscious conflicts that are responsible
B) focus on "normalizing" minor dissociative reactions and thoughts
C) antianxiety and antidepressant medication
D) systematic desensitization, flooding, modeling, and virtual reality

Question 25

Which symptoms are often found in association with dissociative fugue and amnesia?

A) stress and depression
B) conversion disorder and hysteria
C) hypochondriasis and phobia
D) depression and mania

Question 26

Displays of multiple role enactments and social reinforcement are both key concepts in which explanation for dissociative disorders?

A) psychodynamic
B) family systems
C) sociocognitive
D) iatrogenic

Question 27

A psychologist explains a disorder as follows. "The disorder develops because, in the face of overwhelming stress, the person has the capacity to dissociate and wall off the traumatic experience. This happens when there is no support in the family." The psychologist probably holds a ____ perspective on ____.

A) behavioral; dissociative identity disorder
B) behavioral; somatoform disorder
C) psychodynamic; hypochondriasis
D) psychodynamic; dissociative identity disorder

Question 28

Dr. Hart is a psychoanalyst treating a patient with dissociative identity disorder. He will probably explain the loss of memory in his patient as being due to ____.

A) the attention the patient receives for being so forgetful
B) excessive id control and a lack of superego
C) equally weak ego and id
D) extreme repression in the face of intense anxiety

Question 29

The post-traumatic model (PTM) of dissociative disorders is based on which perspective?

A) biological
B) sociocultural
C) psychological
D) behavioral

Question 30

Which statement about the development of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is accurate?

A) Child abuse is frequently reported as the trigger for the disorder.
B) The start of the disorder is usually unrelated to family stresses.
C) The disorder usually cannot be detected until middle age.
D) Characteristics of individuals diagnosed with DID have remained stable over time.

Question 31

Treatment of individuals with dissociative identity disorder tends to ____.

A) be completely successful
B) have little effect on the disorder
C) increase the risk of suicidality
D) reduce but not cure symptoms

Question 32

What mental health problem is typically associated with both dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue?

A) depression
B) stress
C) schizophrenia
D) alcohol abuse

Question 33

The hypothesized origin of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is that it is ____.

A) due to a biochemical imbalance in neurotransmitters
B) a modeled reaction
C) a form of malingering
D) a defense against intensely painful experiences

Question 34

Dr. Abdullah's new patient is diagnosed with dissociative fugue. Rather than doing in-depth psychotherapy, the doctor prescribes an antidepressant and provides emotional support. Why would Dr. Abdullah respond this way?

A) The doctor probably sees the condition as iatrogenic.
B) The doctor probably agrees with the psychodynamic perspective.
C) The doctor probably knows that dissociative fugue is a hopeless condition that is untreatable.
D) The doctor probably knows that dissociative fugue goes away spontaneously and that depression is the only significant treatable symptom.

Question 35

What is a particular concern when using hypnosis with clients who have dissociative disorders?

A) It may cause severe trauma for the client.
B) It may result in further repression of emotions and memories.
C) It may create personalities in suggestible clients.
D) It may uncover too many hidden personalities.

Question 36

Fleeting depersonalization episodes are more prevalent in ____.

A) young children
B) older adults
C) college students
D) artists

Question 37

According to the sociocognitive model (SCM) of dissociative identity disorder (DID), the disorder develops ____.

A) as the result of extreme abuse in early childhood
B) as the result of unethical therapeutic practices
C) through a biological predisposition
D) by learning about from the mass media

Question 38

Dr. Kim believes that increases in the frequency of diagnosing dissociative identity disorder have occurred because of iatrogenic effects. Which argument would Dr. Kim most likely use?

A) EEG patterns are consistently different when those diagnosed with the disorder experience different personalities.
B) Therapists tend to see the disorder as a way of escaping from unpleasant interpersonal situations.
C) Reports of child abuse cannot be influenced by instructions or expectations.
D) Most therapists who diagnose the disorder use hypnosis and other memory retrieval methods that rely on suggestion.

Question 39

According to psychodynamically-oriented thinkers, traumatic events alone do not produce multiple personalities. There must also be a ____.

A) capacity to dissociate
B) lack of superego function
C) lack of id
D) model for this behavior

Question 40

Dr. Young asks these questions of a child: "Do you ever sort of space out? Does it ever happen that time goes by and you can't remember what you were doing during that time? Do you ever do things that surprise you and you later stop and ask yourself why you did that?" What problem is Dr. Young investigating?

A) conversion disorder
B) somatization disorder
C) dissociation
D) panic disorder

Question 41

Monica complains of chest and head pains, amnesia, nausea, and sexual problems. She goes from doctor to doctor, but none can find a physical cause for her complaints. Stephen suddenly becomes blind one day shortly after his boss gives him several stressful deadlines. There is no physiological explanation for his blindness. Monica best illustrates ____, whereas Stephen best illustrates ____.

A) functional neurological symptom disorder; factitious disorder
B) complex somatic symptom disorder with somatization features; illness anxiety disorder
C) illness anxiety disorder; factitious disorder
D) somatic symptom disorder; functional neurological symptom disorder

Question 42

Bethany has spent the past ten years in and out of hospitals. She suffers from numerous physical complaints including severe hip, joint, leg, and head pain, and frequent bouts of diarrhea and bloating, and often reports breathing problems. Although numerous doctors and extensive tests revealed no physical problems, Bethany still reports vague symptoms of physical problems. Her problems would best fit a diagnosis of ____.

A) premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
B) somatic symptom disorder
C) illness anxiety disorder
D) body dysmorphic disorder

Question 43

What is the final step in treating dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A) fusing and completely integrating the individual personalities
B) integrating all personalities such that they work together
C) giving the client permission to see the personalities as different aspects his/her personality
D) having the client incorporate each personality appropriately into daily life

Question 44

In the movie Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Ferris deliberately fakes his own headaches and stomach pains so that he could avoid going to school. Aside from his irresponsibility, Ferris would best be diagnosed as exhibiting ____.

A) factitious disorder
B) impulse control disorder
C) malingering
D) illness anxiety disorder

Question 45

Which symptom is necessary for a diagnosis of illness anxiety disorder?

A) invention of physical issues for a purpose
B) a neurological symptom
C) concern with undetected physical illness
D) depression

Question 46

Which of the following is a somatic symptom disorder?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) functional neurological symptom disorder
D) depersonalization disorder

Question 47

Marge has gone to doctors with more than twenty different somatic complaints in the past year and has had surgery four times. She has few anxiety or depressive symptoms, but doctors never satisfy her when they say, "There's nothing wrong with you physically." What is unusual about this patient?

A) People with somatic symptom disorders rarely shop around for doctors.
B) People with somatic symptom disorders usually show only one physical complaint.
C) Somatic symptom disorder often includes depression and anxiety.
D) Somatic symptom disorder affects mostly males.

Question 48

Donna is diagnosed as having dissociative identity disorder. She can expect that her therapist will first address ____.

A) traumatic memories
B) final fusion
C) reintegration
D) safety issues

Question 49

Tulugaq, an Inuit, experiences dissociative-like episodes that are accompanied by extreme excitement. He often performs aggressive and dangerous acts, although he does not remember them. One of his recent episodes was followed by convulsions and he went into a coma for two days. Tulugaq suffers from ____.

A) zar
B) brain fag
C) piblokto
D) dhat

Question 50

Suppose you are the director of a mental health clinic in a neighborhood where many immigrants from India, China, and Korea live. You could expect that clients coming from these Asian backgrounds would ____.

A) feel that anyone with a somatic symptom disorder is morally weak
B) have almost no somatic symptom disorders
C) believe that any somatic complaints they have come from emotional stress
D) have physical complaints in reaction to stress

Question 51

Which individual has symptoms that most likely indicate a possible functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)?

A) Joan, who says her legs have been paralyzed for six months but who shows no muscle atrophy
B) Keith, who goes from doctor to doctor complaining of pains and symptoms in many different parts of his body
C) Lilly, who constantly thinks about the size of her ears and wants plastic surgery to reconstruct them
D) Wes, who has had backaches that have gone on longer than his doctor thinks is reasonable

Question 52

Joshua is a rehabilitation counselor whose job is to help people with disabilities become employed in an appropriate occupation. Joshua is concerned that there has been an increase in the number of people feigning physical injuries in order to receive government disability payments. What concept best identifies Joshua's concern?

A) factitious disorder
B) malingering
C) moral anxiety
D) collaborative empiricism

Question 53

Anita's parents are from India and continue to follow the traditions of that country. Her parents have matched a husband for her, and she is to be married in two weeks. One morning, however, Anita wakes up paralyzed, and has no use of her legs. A thorough medical examination can find nothing physically wrong that would account for Anita's paralysis. Anita would most likely be diagnosed with ____.

A) illness anxiety disorder
B) factitious disorder
C) malingering
D) functional neurological symptom disorder

Question 54

The chief difference between somatic symptom disorder and factitious disorders is whether the condition is ____.

A) a way of avoiding responsibility or not
B) iatrogenic or not
C) produced by the doctor's treatment or not
D) deliberately inflicted or not

Question 55

Wanda fakes debilitating pain in hopes of receiving a large monetary award from an insurance company. Roberta experiences fever and pain because she has injected herself with bacteria. Wanda's behavior illustrates ____; Roberta's behavior illustrates ____.

A) malingering; somatoform disorder
B) malingering; factitious disorder
C) factitious disorder; malingering
D) factitious disorder; somatoform disorder

Question 56

What is the primary difference between factitious disorder and malingering?

A) The symptoms in factitious disorder may be deliberately induced while those in malingering are faked.
B) The symptoms in factitious disorder are not produced intentionally, whereas they are in malingering.
C) Both involve faking symptoms but those with factitious disorder are usually more successful than malingerers.
D) The feigning of symptoms in factitious disorder is motivated by economic gain, whereas the motivation in malingering is to get attention.

Question 57

As Will approaches the witness stand, he stops and clutches his throat. He has to leave the courtroom because he is unable to speak. If he has no other symptoms, his condition might be diagnosed as ____.

A) dissociative fugue
B) factitious disorder
C) agoraphobia
D) functional neurological symptom disorder

Question 58

Worldwide, the most common forms of somatic symptom disorder symptoms are ____.

A) gastrointestinal complaints and abnormal skin sensations
B) menstrual and abdominal pains
C) abdominal and chest pains
D) body odor and kidney weakness

Question 59

A psychologist says, "We know it is a psychological disorder because there are cognitive distortions regarding the physical symptoms, which are not under voluntary control." What is the psychologist describing?

A) a somatic symptom disorder
B) an anxiety disorder
C) alcoholism
D) a dissociative disorder

Question 60

Which statement about somatic symptom disorder is accurate?

A) It is a form of dissociative disorder that is typically associated with poor outcomes.
B) It is rarely associated with anxiety, depression, or other psychiatric disorders.
C) It is relatively rare, having a prevalence of only up to 7% of the population.
D) It is more prevalent among educated individuals than among uneducated ones.

Question 61

Evidence supporting the biological perspective on patients with illness anxiety disorder includes research showing they ____.

A) are more sensitive than others to bodily sensations
B) have neurotransmitter imbalances
C) have lower arousal levels than others
D) have lower heartbeats than others when stressed

Question 62

Mr. Able is diagnosed with illness anxiety disorder, while Mr. Baker is diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. How will their symptoms be different?

A) Mr. Able will fear he has an undetected fatal illness; Mr. Baker will have many vague physical complaints.
B) Mr. Able will have complaints about his body; Mr. Baker will not.
C) Mr. Able will not have any physical complaints; Mr. Baker will fear that he has cancer or a form of heart disease.
D) Mr. Able will claim that he cannot see or walk; Mr. Baker will fear that he has an undetected fatal illness.

Question 63

"A chronic pattern (at least 6 months) of preoccupation with having or contracting a serious illness despite having minimal or no somatic symptoms" is a definition of ____.

A) functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
B) depersonalization disorder
C) illness anxiety disorder
D) body dysmorphic disorder

Question 64

The biological perspective on somatic symptom disorder emphasizes which difference in these patients?

A) They perceive mild body changes more acutely.
B) They have experienced more stress in early childhood.
C) They are unable to learn from punishment.
D) They are exposed to parents who model how to act sick.

Question 65

Dissociative fugue is best described as ____.

A) a generalized amnesia for one's identity and life history that may be accompanied by bewildered wandering or purposeless travel
B) lack of memory for a specific event or events
C) a condition in which two or more independent personality states appear to exist in one person
D) feelings of unreality concerning the self and the environment that are extremely distressing ti the individual

Question 66

Reinforcement of illness behaviors and parental modeling of how to act sick are both etiological factors in which theory of functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)?

A) biogenic
B) family systems
C) psychodynamic
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 67

Sharon frequently causes diarrhea in her three-year-old daughter by feeding her spoiled milk and rotten eggs. When the child is repeatedly hospitalized, Sharon acts like a very worried and caring mother. Because Sharon is not playing the sick role and receives no obvious reward for her behavior, the most appropriate diagnosis is ____.

A) complex somatic symptom disorder with somatization features
B) factitious disorder
C) factitious disorder imposed on another
D) malingering

Question 68

A psychologist discusses a patient with illness anxiety disorder this way: "She focuses on her health so that she can be protected from the anxiety her underlying conflicts cause. Then, when she is shown attention and sympathy, her dependency needs are met." This psychologist ____.

A) probably agrees with the behavioral perspective
B) takes a diathesis-stress approach to illness anxiety disorder
C) is discussing primary and secondary gain
D) probably rejects the psychoanalytic perspective

Question 69

Barbie has complained of an unexplained illness for several years. She has had many painful and high-risk surgeries and other treatments, which she has willingly undergone. In fact, she seems to enjoy playing the "sick role." She gets extremely angry when anyone questions whether she really has an actual physical problem. These symptoms suggest that Barbie suffers from ____.

A) malingering
B) somatic symptom disorder
C) factitious disorder
D) illness anxiety disorder

Question 70

Because glove anesthesia does not correspond to the distribution of nerve pathways in the body, it leads to a diagnosis of ____.

A) functional neurological symptom disorder
B) body dysmorphic disorder
C) complex somatic symptom disorder
D) psychogenic pain

Question 71

Barbara is in a car accident and experiences neck pain immediately afterward. Doctors say that any injury to her neck will heal within two weeks of the accident. Nine months later, Barbara begins to visit her doctor weekly, saying the pain is still unbearable and she needs stronger pain medication. What is a reasonable diagnosis?

A) somatic symptom disorder with somatization features
B) depersonalization disorder
C) illness anxiety disorder
D) somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain (pain disorder)

Question 72

Dr. Krank says, "Patients who continually report being in pain have a higher-than-normal sensitivity level." Dr. Krank's explanation of somatic symptom disorder reflects which perspective?

A) psychodynamic
B) biological
C) sociocultural
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 73

Which statement about dissociative amnesia is accurate?

A) It is has a sudden onset associates with stress or trauma.
B) Its onset is always slow and progressive.
C) It begins to develop in early childhood.
D) It only remits with psychodynamic therapy.

Question 74

Yassir has been under great stress at work. He tells his doctor that he cannot feel his hand from his wrist to his fingertips. He says it is as though all the feeling in the nerves has been cut off at the wrist. The doctor, knowing how nerves are distributed, will probably see Yassir as having ____.

A) somatic symptom disorder with pain features
B) functional neurological symptom disorder
C) factitious disorder imposed on another
D) illness anxiety disorder

Question 75

Paralysis, anesthesia, and impairment in sight or hearing are common complaints in ____.

A) illness anxiety disorder
B) functional neurological symptom disorder
C) dissociative pain disorder
D) somatic symptom disorder

Question 76

Suppose we interviewed fifty people with illness anxiety disorder. Which quote do you expect we would hear most often?

A) "My doctor is very accurate with her diagnoses."
B) "I can notice even the slightest changes in my body."
C) "I know that even when I am sick, nothing terrible is going to happen."
D) "I know I have some kind of illness, but I haven't been to see a doctor in years."

Question 77

Research has found that Asian Americans often react to stress by ____.

A) becoming irritable
B) developing physical complaints
C) withdrawing
D) redirecting their energies into school or work

Question 78

Mrs. Klinger has a ten-year history of fearing a heart attack, although no doctor has found anything wrong with her heart. She frequently calls emergency services and lies in bed most days worrying that she will have a coronary. Mrs. Klinger suffers from ____.

A) complex somatic symptom disorder with pain features (pain disorder)
B) functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
C) factitious disorder imposed on self
D) illness anxiety disorder

Question 79

Angel has been prescribed an SSRI to help her cope with complex somatic symptom disorder. The medication is most likely to help Angel with ____.

A) her pain
B) articulating her ailments
C) revising her distorted self-perception
D) her depression

Question 80

Pain is to ____ as paralysis and absence of pain are to ____.

A) functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder); somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain (pain disorder)
B) functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder); illness anxiety disorder
C) somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain (pain disorder); functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
D) somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain (pain disorder); illness anxiety disorder