Deck 1: Abnormal Behavior

Question 1

The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders. What is this manual called?

A) International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
B) Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
C) Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM)
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When psychologists talk about modifying abnormal behavior, they are referring to ____.

A) attempting to understand the underlying cause of that behavior
B) restricting the freedom of dangerous clients
C) attempting to anticipate the future behaviors of clients
D) using psychotherapy to improve a person's behavioral, emotional, or cognitive state

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Suree is studying to be a clinical psychologist from an accredited program. She will learn that, with respect to bias in diagnosing clients, ____.

A) mental health practitioners are not immune from inheriting the prejudicial attitudes and stereotypes of the larger society
B) psychologists are less likely than other mental health professionals to overpathologize clients on the basis of race, gender, or social class
C) clinical psychologists receive better training than other mental health professionals for recognizing their tendency to hold prejudicial attitudes toward clients
D) mental health professionals are more likely to hold prejudicial attitudes and biases against males than against females

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which statement about multiculturalism in the United States is correct?

A) The idea of cultural sensitivity is irrelevant to abnormal psychology.
B) White are no longer the numerical majority in the United States.
C) There is little relationship between culture and normal development.
D) There is a need to provide culturally-relevant psychotherapy.

Question 5

College administrators suspended Lee Loughner after they became concerned about Loughner's potential to commit dangerous behaviors. Why didn't authorities pursue a civil commitment?

A) Loughner's therapist did not feel he posed a danger to others.
B) None of the local mental health facilities had space to house him.
C) Loughner's behavior did not rise to the level of justifying a commitment.
D) Loughner's behavior was not considered odd in comparison to his peer group.

Question 6

Which statement about the field of abnormal psychology is accurate?

A) Abnormal psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and modify behaviors associated with various mental health conditions.
B) Abnormal psychology is not yet considered a scientific field of research because diagnosis is so subjective.
C) Abnormal psychology focuses on the study of only the most bizarre behavior that creates problems for society.
D) Abnormal psychology is most interested in narrowing a disorder to specific behavioral factors that can be modified.

Question 7

Mental illness results primarily from ____.

A) genetic factors
B) environmental factors
C) sociocultural factors
D) an interaction of many factors

Question 8

Which statement defines psychotherapy most accurately?

A) Systematic interventions designed to improve behavior, emotion, or cognition
B) The scientific study of abnormal behavior
C) A system of observing abnormal behavior in an attempt to classify it
D) The application of a theoretical model to explain the cause of abnormal behavior

Question 9

According to Thomas Szasz, ____.

A) mental illness is a fictional creation by society used to control and change people
B) the causes for most mental disorders will ultimately be found in brain pathology
C) individuals who are suffering from mental illnesses have biological diseases
D) medication is far superior to psychotherapy in the treatment of psychopathology

Question 10

Kunti, a Black slave who works on a Southern plantation in the eighteenth century, tries to escape to freedom. A psychological diagnosis at that time would likely be that Kunti ____.

A) has a normal desire to be free
B) suffers from drapetomania
C) suffers from an anxiety disorder
D) is expressing a statistical anomaly

Question 11

Harold is a mental health professional who has a medical degree and prescribes antidepressants and antipsychotic medication for his patients. After graduating from medical school, he completed a three-year residency in his field. We can guess that Harold is a ____.

A) social worker
B) psychiatrist
C) clinical psychologist
D) psychoanalyst

Question 12

Psychiatrists must have an M.D.; clinical psychologists must have a Ph.D. or Psy.D., and psychiatric social workers require ____.

A) a master's (M.S.) degree
B) an M.D
C) only a bachelor's (B.S.) degree
D) a Ph.D.

Question 13

Early research on psychopathology, such as that by Emil Kraepelin, supported which viewpoint about abnormality?

A) social
B) biological
C) psychological
D) psychopathological

Question 14

Dr. Thompson collects information in order to describe, assess, and understand an individual's psychological disorder. Dr. Thompson is engaged in ____.

A) investigative therapy
B) systematic sensitization
C) psychodiagnosis
D) experimental research

Question 15

Johanna has specialized training, and works with individuals who drink too much or abuse drugs. We can guess that Johanna is a ____.

A) substance abuse counselor
B) school psychologist
C) psychiatric social worker
D) psychiatrist

Question 16

Thomas Szasz believed that ____.

A) unusual belief systems are not necessarily wrong
B) abnormal behavior reflects an illness
C) psychologists are better trained than other professionals to diagnose abnormality
D) people who have problems of living are suffering from mental illness

Question 17

Linda, Jayne, and Sheryl all are called "doctors." All are mental health professionals. However, Linda has a Psy.D., Jayne has an M.D., and Sheryl has a D.S.W. We can predict that ____.

A) Sheryl is a psychiatrist
B) Linda is a social worker
C) Linda is a clinical psychologist
D) Jayne is a clinical psychologist

Question 18

Clinical psychologists usually have ____ degrees; psychiatrists have ____ degrees.

A) bachelor's (B.S.); medical (M.D.)
B) medical (M.D.); doctorate (Ph.D.)
C) doctorate (Ph.D. or Psy.D); medical (M.D.)
D) master's (M.S.); doctorate (Ph.D.)

Question 19

A psychologist states that "Juan's abnormal behavior is likely due to a combination of biology and inadequate interpersonal skills." The psychologist is ____.

A) predicting the future symptoms of Juan
B) giving Juan a psychodiagnosis
C) offering an explanation for Juan's problem
D) describing how to control Juan's symptoms

Question 20

Dr. Price's client has values and a lifestyle that differ markedly from her own. Dr. Price is more likely to ____.

A) overpathologize her client
B) underpathologize her client
C) increase her cultural sensitivity
D) acquire knowledge about the worldviews of a diverse population

Question 21

At one time, Abraham Lincoln, William James, news anchor Mike Wallace, and author J.K. Rowling each suffered from a mental disorder. Consequently, their examples contradict the myth that ____.

A) mentally disordered people must have had bad parents
B) mental illness makes a person useless
C) mentally disturbed people must have inherited their disorders
D) mentally disordered people only need to exercise willpower to recover

Question 22

Suppose an archaeologist unearthed an ancient Greek document that contained instructions for the treatment of mental disorders such as melancholia and mania. What would the writing probably state?

A) "Hypnotize the person and encourage the person to express his or her negative emotions."
B) "Have the family treat the person with rest, good diet, and moderate exercise."
C) "Treat the person as you would a witch and force them to renounce the devil."
D) "Take a sharp stone and cut a hole in the person's skull to let out the evil demons."

Question 23

One finding of the Merikangas et al. (2010) epidemiological study is that ____.

A) males and females tend to differ in the kinds of disorders they experience
B) adolescents have a lower rate of mood disorders than adults
C) almost half of adolescents meet criteria for at least one psychological disorder
D) people living in rural areas have a much higher incidence of mental disorders

Question 24

A researcher who investigates the percentage of people in the population who have had a mental disorder at any point in their lives is studying the ____ of the disorder.

A) incidence
B) prevalence
C) criteria
D) lifetime prevalence

Question 25

Researchers in the United States have found that ____.

A) the rate of mental disorders in the population has been steadily decreasing over the past 50 years
B) adolescents and adults are equally likely to suffer from anxiety disorders
C) women are more likely than men to suffer from mental disorders
D) forty percent of adolescents diagnosed with one disorder meet the criteria for at least one additional disorder

Question 26

Eli refuses to let his daughter marry Avi because Avi's brother suffers from depression. Eli believes that his daughter could be killed by Avi's brother. Eli believes which myth about mental illness?

A) Mental disorders are transmitted by touch.
B) We can easily identify people with mental disorders.
C) People with mental disorders cannot be cured.
D) People with mental disorders are dangerous.

Question 27

The definition of mental disorders used by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders requires that ____.

A) potential genetic factors be ruled out as possible causes of the disorder
B) the disorder cause significant distress or difficulty with day-to-day functioning
C) all or most symptoms must be verified by an objective, independent observer
D) the individual be removed from all medication to allow accurate diagnosis

Question 28

Throughout history, most popular ideas about abnormal behavior have been ____.

A) rooted in the beliefs of a given time period and society
B) largely unrelated to the provision of treatment
C) remarkably accurate given how little is known even today
D) based on systematically conducted research

Question 29

The first naturalistic explanation of abnormal behavior can be traced to ____.

A) early twentieth century psychosurgery
B) Philippe Pinel in eighteenth-century Paris
C) Hippocrates in ancient Greece
D) Galen in ancient Rome

Question 30

A researcher who investigates the proportion of individuals who have a disorder during a particular period of time like the past year is best described as studying the ____ of the disorder.

A) incidence
B) prevalence
C) lifetime prevalence
D) criteria

Question 31

Trephining refers to the process of ____.

A) putting leaches on the body to remove bad blood
B) making a person chant and pray to drive out evil spirits
C) changing one's diet to improve one's physical and mental health
D) boring a hole in the skull to let evil spirits escape

Question 32

During what period of time would a behavior disorder most likely be treated with the surgical method called trephining?

A) The Stone Age
B) Biblical times
C) The Golden Age of Greece
D) The 19th and 20th centuries

Question 33

Professor Martin, a historian who studies ancient cultures, would likely suggest that prehistoric societies attributed mental illness to ____.

A) social stressors
B) demonic possession or sorcery
C) chemical imbalance
D) biological disequilibrium

Question 34

Dr. Chu reports that "mental patients are no more dangerous than other people." What does research suggest about the doctor's statement?

A) Research shows that there is no correlation between any psychiatric diagnosis except antisocial personality disorder and dangerousness.
B) Research shows that patients are considerably more dangerous than others in the population, even after they are medicated.
C) Research shows that individuals with diagnoses of both a mental disorder and a substance abuse disorder are slightly more dangerous than other patients.
D) Research shows that mental patients are actually considerably less dangerous than are others in the population because they are so withdrawn.

Question 35

Jason says, "Mental illness is not a choice or caused by what people do." Jason's remark ____.

A) contradicts the myth that people are responsible for their condition
B) supports the myth that mentally disturbed people can use willpower to recover
C) supports the myth that mental illness runs in families
D) contradicts the myth that mentally disturbed people can cure themselves

Question 36

According to Bagalman and Napili. (2013), what percentage of adults suffer from serious psychological disorders such as schizophrenia in a given year?

A) 5.8 percent
B) 8.5 percent
C) 12.6 percent
D) 16.3 percent

Question 37

This individual practiced medicine in Rome and related mental illness to the brain and central nervous system. His greatest contribution may have been compiling all medical knowledge from Hippocrates' time to his own. Who is he?

A) Pinel
B) Mesmer
C) Weyer
D) Galen

Question 38

Exorcism involves ____.

A) increasing one's activity level to help recover from a mental illness
B) chipping a hole in the skull of a person believed to be possessed by demons
C) conducting a religious ceremony over a person to cast out evil spirits
D) examining the brains of people who have severe mental disorders

Question 39

Which statement about psychiatric disorders in the United States is accurate?

A) Depression and anxiety are more common in men than in women.
B) Compared to adults, a larger percentage of children have anxiety disorders.
C) Twenty-five percent of adults suffer from a diagnosable mental health disorder in a given year.
D) Phobias are more common in the elderly than in the young.

Question 40

Dr. Henry conducts an epidemiological study to assess the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the United States. Dr. Henry is assessing ____.

A) the likely causes of schizophrenia in the population as a whole
B) the number of people in the United States who have had schizophrenia within a certain period of time
C) the percentage of people in a population who have schizophrenia during a given interval of time
D) the age of onset for people in the United States who have schizophrenia

Question 41

A history book states, "Benjamin Rush introduced humane policies into American mental hospitals, but it took Dorothea Dix to make significant positive reforms in mental hospital care. After her work, inhumane treatment was eliminated in the United States." What, if anything, is incorrect in this statement?

A) No portion of the statement is incorrect.
B) It is incorrect to say that Dix made significant positive reforms.
C) It is incorrect to say that inhumane treatment was eliminated.
D) It is incorrect to say that Rush introduced humane policies.

Question 42

Dr. Lawrence believes that mental illness has an emotional basis. We can therefore conclude that Dr. Lawrence holds a(n) ____ view of mental illness.

A) organic
B) biological
C) psychological
D) emotional

Question 43

"I reject the idea of witchcraft. Disturbed people are sick people who deserve our sympathy, not torture and death." Who would have been most likely to say these words?

A) Pope Innocent VIII
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) John B. Watson
D) Johann Weyer

Question 44

Imagine that half the clerical employees in one building of a school begin to have headaches, feel agitated, scratch themselves furiously, feel numbness in their fingers, and faint. There is no biological explanation. This incident would most likely be seen by psychologists as an example of ____.

A) mass madness
B) exorcism
C) hypnotic susceptibility
D) mesmerism

Question 45

Imagine that we travel back in time and meet two Americans. The first says, "I am sometimes called the father of U.S. psychiatry. I used bloodletting to treat my mental patients, but I insisted they be treated with respect." The second says, "Although I was only a schoolteacher, when I saw the deplorable conditions under which mental patients were living, I devoted my life to establishing suitable mental hospitals." The first person was ____; the second was ____.

A) Benjamin Rush; Dorothea Dix
B) William Tuke; Clifford Beers
C) Clifford Beers; Dorothea Dix
D) Benjamin Rush; Friedrich Anton Mesmer

Question 46

According to Kraepelin, mental disorders can be seen in terms of symptom clusters that have their own cause, course, and outcome, and are considered ____ in origin.

A) sociocultural
B) biological
C) psychological
D) culturally universal

Question 47

Which statement would be consistent with the ideas of Emil Kraepelin?

A) Mental illness is fundamentally a social construct.
B) Abnormality is a deviation from ideal personality traits.
C) Every culture has its own unique set of symptoms and disorders.
D) Symptoms of mental health disorders tend to occur in clusters.

Question 48

What was the Malleus Maleficarum?

A) A compilation of all medical knowledge regarding abnormal behavior from the Greeks and Romans
B) A description of how to treat madness in the Dark Ages
C) A guide to building hospitals for the mentally ill that were more humane
D) A guidebook for identifying and exterminating witches

Question 49

Who ordered the chains to be removed from inmates at a mental asylum and is considered a founder of the moral treatment movement?

A) Clifford Beers
B) Johann Weyer
C) Philippe Pinel
D) Dorothea Dix

Question 50

During the Middle Ages, mental illness was ____.

A) based on a disease model
B) handled with care and humane treatment
C) based on scientific principles
D) seen as a the result of supernatural forces

Question 51

"Although I lived in a different country than Philippe Pinel, I also worked to establish moral treatment for mental patients." Who might have said this?

A) William Tuke
B) Galen
C) Jean-Martin Charcot
D) Friedrich Anton Mesmer

Question 52

The early Christian Church believed that ____.

A) demons could be released through the cathartic method
B) many behaviors we call mental disorders were the result of supernatural forces
C) science was the most effective way to understand abnormal human behavior
D) abnormal behavior was primarily the result of biological abnormality

Question 53

Imagine that you could use a time machine to travel back to the thirteenth century. You see groups of people in a village jumping, dancing, and having convulsions in the town square. All over Europe, you find similar groups of raving people. You would have witnessed the ____.

A) phenomenon called trephining
B) mass madness called St. Vitus's Dance
C) phenomenon called lycanthropy
D) mass madness called mesmerism

Question 54

A psychologist says, "There are certain emotional disorders for which we can find no evidence of brain pathology." This psychologist's statement reflects a(n) ____ viewpoint.

A) organic
B) biogenic
C) humanistic
D) psychological

Question 55

Dr. Juarez discovers that certain symptoms of behavior reliably occur in clusters. Her discovery would be seen as ____.

A) evidence of a syndrome
B) support for a psychological viewpoint
C) an illustration of epidemiology
D) support for a biological viewpoint

Question 56

Humanism is the ____.

A) scientific study of behavior to identify its causes and to modify it
B) philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and individual uniqueness
C) biological theory of abnormal behavior first used by the ancient Greeks
D) practice of identifying and executing individuals believed to witches

Question 57

The humanistic movement of the Renaissance ____.

A) emphasized the value of the cathartic method
B) presented the first biogenic theory of abnormal behavior in recorded history
C) challenged the notion of demonic possession
D) led directly to deinstitutionalization of mentally disordered individuals

Question 58

Mesmer's lasting contribution to psychology is his ____.

A) research showing the relationship between syphilis and general paresis
B) development of a textbook for psychiatry that described the major disorders
C) demonstration that psychological factors can be highly therapeutic
D) demonstration that the masses can fall for a false set of beliefs

Question 59

Frenchman Philippe Pinel and American Benjamin Rush were both concerned with ____.

A) the development of private, profitable "madhouses"
B) the moral treatment of patients in hospitals
C) helping patients gain easy access to medications
D) instituting the use of shamans to be culturally sensitive

Question 60

Historians of the witchcraft age concluded that ____.

A) the mentally ill were especially prone to being perceived as witches
B) few people were ever accused of being witches and almost none were killed
C) many witches were actually intellectually disabled, not mentally disordered
D) almost all witches were both mentally disordered and intellectually disabled

Question 61

The advent of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s was considered a major revolution in the treatment of mental disorders because ____.

A) the medications slowly reduced patients' symptoms
B) patients were able to focus their attention without resorting to therapy
C) use of medications contradicted the idea of the psychological basis of mental illness
D) stays in mental hospitals were shortened and became more cost-effective

Question 62

____ is the industrialization of health care through which large organizations determine what type and duration of treatment clients can have.

A) Managed health care
B) Multicultural psychology
C) Moral therapy
D) The drug revolution

Question 63

The ____ arose in response to the pessimistic views held by the public and mental health professionals regarding the life prospects of those coping with serious mental illness.

A) humanism movement
B) recovery movement
C) reform movement
D) multicultural movement

Question 64

Psychotropic drugs are helpful because they ____.

A) reduce symptoms so those with serious mental illness can focus on therapy
B) help hospitalized patients return to their pre-illness level of functioning
C) eliminate the need for therapy because they cure the underlying illness
D) sedate individuals so that they are far easier to deal with outside hospitals

Question 65

Which factor spawned renewed interest and research into brain-behavior relationships?

A) The development of the humanism movement
B) The return to scientific based approaches to psychopathology
C) The success of psychopharmacology
D) The rise of technology-assisted therapy

Question 66

A psychologist states the following: "Because they have higher birthrates, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States are already a numerical majority. This increase in diversity has led to the field called multicultural psychology, which is interested in increasing the cultural sensitivity of mental health professionals." What portion of this statement is incorrect?

A) It is incorrect to say that multicultural psychology is interested in increasing cultural sensitivity.
B) It is incorrect to say that racial minorities have higher birthrates.
C) It is incorrect to say that minorities are currently the majority.
D) It is incorrect to say that diversity has led to multicultural psychology.

Question 67

Positive psychologists believe that if we identify qualities associated with effective coping and resilience, we can teach people strategies that ____.

A) lead to a strong spiritual approach to life
B) lead to the development of compassion toward the mentally ill
C) help them regulate emotions and avoid developing mental illness
D) help them to become more responsible for themselves

Question 68

As conceptualized by the recovery movement, recovery involves ____.

A) psychotropic medication and talk therapy
B) individuals taking responsibility for their own wellbeing
C) spiritual training that help the mentally ill cope with life's challenges
D) the development of new meaning and purpose in one's life

Question 69

Dr. Seligman has devoted his career to developing a scientific understanding of the factors that allow individuals to thrive. He is most likely a ____ psychologist.

A) positive
B) clinical
C) humanistic
D) behavioral

Question 70

Dr. Johns researches mental disorders using laboratory methods. He stresses the importance of directly observable behaviors and the conditions or stimuli that evoke, reinforce, or extinguish them. Dr. Johns adheres to which early viewpoint of mental illness?

A) humanism
B) behaviorism
C) psychoanalysis
D) mesmerism

Question 71

Which perspective proposes that people can develop new meaning and purpose even though limitations caused by illness exist?

A) recovery movement
B) psychoanalytic theory
C) psychological resilience
D) clinical intuition

Question 72

The belief in an animating life force or energy beyond what we can perceive with our senses is known as ____.

A) psychopathology
B) spirituality
C) witchcraft
D) religiousness

Question 73

Positive psychology is ____.

A) the philosophical and scientific study of positive human functioning and the strengths and assets of individuals, families, and communities
B) the perspective that those with mental illness can recover and live satisfying, hopeful, and contributing lives, even with the limitations caused by their illness
C) a philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and the worth and uniqueness of the individual
D) a shift to more humane treatment of people who are mentally disturbed by using psychotropic medications

Question 74

Which naturally occurring chemical was discovered to radically calm some patients who had been psychiatrically hospitalized for years?

A) argon
B) potassium
C) lithium
D) carbon

Question 75

Insurance carriers may reimburse only for ____; in other words, they may deny coverage for unproven treatments.

A) inpatient treatment
B) outpatient treatment
C) substance abuse treatment
D) evidence-based treatment

Question 76

Drugs that are used to treat or manage psychiatric symptoms by influencing brain activity associated with emotions and behavior are known as ____.

A) psychological medications
B) neurological medications
C) psychosomatic medications
D) psychotropic medications

Question 77

Which branch of psychology seeks to add balance to our view of human functioning by studying, developing and achieving scientific understanding of the human qualities associated with thriving individuals?

A) behaviorism
B) positive psychology
C) psychoanalysis
D) biological psychology

Question 78

Because of ____, insurance companies have increasing control over psychotherapy and other treatments.

A) the Affordable Care Act
B) managed health care
C) the newest version of the DSM
D) licensure requirements

Question 79

What is the effect of chlorpromazine?

A) It restores cognitive function in individuals with dementia.
B) It treats agitation in patients with schizophrenia.
C) It reduces feelings of sadness and despair.
D) It relieves anxiety by calming the nervous system.

Question 80

Imagine that you are in Paris in 1775. People tell you their physical and mental health is remarkably improved when they experience a strange sleeplike trance. Later, you hear that the man who performed these remarkable cures was investigated and declared a fraud. What forerunner of hypnosis were the people of Paris discussing?

A) catharsis
B) mesmerism
C) exorcism
D) trephining