Deck 24: Digestive System

Question 1

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

A) Pharynx
B) Stomach
C) Liver
D) Large intestine

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is

A) skeletal muscle throughout the tract, especially in the large intestine.
B) the layer of the digestive tract wall that contains capillaries.
C) in direct contact with the food that is consumed.
D) composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.
E) connective tissue and the peritoneum.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is correctly matched?

A) Mucosa - controls peristalsis
B) Serosa - contains an extensive supply of nerves and blood vessels
C) Submucosa - lamina propria
D) Serosa - increased surface area
E) Muscularis - responsible for peristalsis

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which digestive activity is NOT correctly matched to its location?

A) Killing microorganisms with lysozyme - stomach
B) Digestion of carbohydrates - mouth
C) Absorption of nutrients - small intestine
D) Production of mucus - esophagus

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?

A) Cellular respiration
B) Food selection
C) Elimination of undigested food
D) Regulation of blood pH
E) Integration and coordination of other systems

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a type of propulsion in the digestive tract?

A) Peristalsis
B) Mass movement
C) Deglutition
D) Segmental contraction

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

A) Storage
B) Protein digestion
C) Absorption of aspirin
D) Segmental contractions

Question 8

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with ingested food?

A) Mucosa
B) Muscularis
C) Submucosa
D) Serosa

Question 9

A mixing contraction in the small intestine is called ________.

A) peristalsis
B) segmental contraction
C) deglutition
D) mass movement

Question 10

Which of the following occurs in the large intestine?

A) Chemical digestion
B) Mass movements
C) Mastication
D) Mixing waves
E) Neutralization

Question 11

The enteric plexus

A) is found in the mucosa.
B) consists of the myenteric plexus and the celiac plexus.
C) contains sympathetic neurons and fibers.
D) controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract.
E) is a valve in the GI tract.

Question 12

The movement of food through the digestive is ________.

A) segmentation
B) propulsion
C) mixing
D) mastication

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

A) Esophagus
B) Salivary glands
C) Pancreas
D) Gallbladder

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the small intestine?

A) Mastication of food
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Complete digestion of food
D) Mixing by segmental contractions

Question 15

Which of the following organs is part of the digestive tract?

A) Salivary gland
B) Liver
C) Gallbladder
D) Stomach
E) Pancreas

Question 16

Arrange the following in proper sequence as they occur first in the body.
(1) Digestion
(2) Elimination
(3) Ingestion
(4) Absorption

A) 3, 4, 2, 1
B) 1, 4, 3, 2
C) 4, 1, 2, 3
D) 3, 4, 1, 2
E) 3, 1, 4, 2

Question 17

The movement of molecules out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system is ________.

A) secretion
B) peristalsis
C) chemical digestion
D) absorption

Question 18

Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in

A) mastication of food.
B) absorption of food.
C) elimination of undigested food.
D) propulsion of food through the digestive tract.
E) mixing of food.

Question 19

In order to remove a tumor in the muscular tunic of the stomach, a surgeon must cut through the ________.

A) lamina propria
B) submucosa
C) serosa
D) mucosa

Question 20

Which is the correct order of the regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior?

A) Pharynx, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine
B) Oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
C) Stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine
D) Anus, large intestine, stomach, esophagus

Question 21

The abdominal cavity is lined with ________.

A) the omental bursa
B) mesenteries
C) the greater omentum
D) parietal peritoneum
E) superficial fascia

Question 22

Secretions that are added as food moves through the GI tract assist in

A) liquefying and digesting the food.
B) vitamin A and D production and storage.
C) distribution of nutrients throughout the body.
D) insulin production.
E) bile production.

Question 23

Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal?

A) Pancreas
B) Ascending colon
C) Duodenum
D) Descending colon
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 24

Which of the following attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

A) Greater omentum
B) Lesser omentum
C) Transverse mesocolon
D) Falciform ligament
E) Round ligament

Question 25

Beginning at the lumen, the sequence of layers of the digestive tract wall is

A) submucosa, mucosa, serous membrane, muscularis.
B) muscularis, lamina propria, submucosa, mucosa.
C) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.
D) peritoneum, submucosa, mucosa, lamina propria.
E) submucosa, mucosa, adventitia, muscularis.

Question 26

The enteric nervous system acts independently of the CNS to control local reflexes in the digestive tract.

Question 27

What is the role of serotonin in the digestive tract?

A) Decrease nausea
B) Stimulate motility
C) Hormone release
D) Inhibit motility

Question 28

The enteric plexus

A) is found in the mucosa.
B) consists of the myenteric plexus and the celiac plexus.
C) helps control movement and secretions of the digestive tract.
D) contains parasympathetic neurons.
E) Both "Helps control movement and secretions of the digestive tract" and "Contains parasympathetic neurons" are correct

Question 29

Which disease is caused by the absence of enteric neurons in the distal large intestine?

A) Hirschsprung disease
B) Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
C) Spastic colon
D) Gastroenteritis

Question 30

The myenteric plexus is found in the ________ of the digestive tract wall.

A) mucosa
B) serosa
C) submucosa
D) muscularis
E) adventitia

Question 31

The oral cavity

A) opens into the nasopharynx.
B) directly connects with the esophagus.
C) contains the parotid salivary glands.
D) has boundaries that include the lips, palate, and cheeks.
E) is lined with cuboidal epithelium.

Question 32

The role of acetylcholine in the digestive tract is to ________, while the role of norepinephrine is to ________.

A) stimulate; stimulate
B) stimulate; inhibit
C) inhibit; inhibit
D) inhibit; stimulate

Question 33

What is the function of interstitial cells of the myenteric plexus?

A) Chemoreceptors that detect the chemical composition of food
B) Production of mucus for lubrication and protection
C) Pacemaker cells that promote rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle
D) Release of enzymes for chemical digestion

Question 34

What is the function of enteric sensory neurons?

A) Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents
B) Stimulate or inhibit smooth muscle contraction in the digestive tract
C) Stimulate or inhibit glandular secretion in the digestive tract
D) Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall
E) Both "Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents" and "Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall" are correct.

Question 35

A large amount of adipose tissue accumulates in the ________.

A) greater omentum
B) lesser omentum
C) coronary ligament
D) sigmoid mesocolon
E) visceral peritoneum

Question 36

What are the two major neurotransmitters of the enteric nervous system?

A) Epinephrine and serotonin
B) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
C) Acetylcholine and epinephrine
D) Norepinephrine and acetylcholine

Question 37

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be ________.

A) retroperitoneal
B) antiperitoneal
C) falciperitoneal
D) hyperperitoneal
E) mesoperitoneal

Question 38

The lips, cheek, and tongue all aid in ________.

A) speech and swallowing
B) mastication, speech, and swallowing
C) mastication and swallowing
D) mastication and sense of taste
E) deglutition and peristalsis

Question 39

Parasympathetic nerves extend to the digestive tract through the ________ nerve.

A) gastric
B) cardiac
C) vagus
D) accessory

Question 40

A man had a gunshot wound in his abdomen. The bullet passed through his anterior body and lodged inside the transverse colon. Which layers did the bullet pass through to arrive at the location?
(1) Parietal peritoneum
(2) Visceral peritoneum

A) 1, 2
B) 1, 2, 1, 2
C) 1, 2, 2, 1
D) 1, 2, 2, 2
E) 2, 1, 1, 1

Question 41

The ________ helps hold a tooth in its socket.

A) crown
B) pulp cavity
C) periodontal ligament
D) dental arch
E) alveoli

Question 42

Which of the following pairs describing structures of teeth is mismatched?

A) Crown - enamel
B) Root - root canal
C) Alveoli - periodontal ligament
D) Pulp cavity - cementum
E) Apical foramen - blood supply

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a muscle of mastication?

A) Temporalis
B) Masseter
C) Medial and lateral pterygoids
D) Buccinator

Question 44

Salivary gland secretion is primarily controlled by the

A) facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
B) vagus nerve.
C) taste centers of the medulla.
D) intercostal nerves.
E) trigeminal nerve.

Question 45

Which of the following components of saliva is mismatched with its function?

A) Mucin - lubricant
B) Lysozyme - antibacterial properties
C) Bicarbonate - neutralizes acid
D) IgA - prevents infection
E) Salivary amylase - begins protein digestion

Question 46

Saliva

A) is produced only when there is food in the mouth.
B) increases ulceration in the mouth.
C) is responsible for peristalsis in the mouth.
D) moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth.
E) does not prevent bacterial infection in the mouth.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a necessary function of the tongue?

A) Swallowing
B) Chewing
C) Taste
D) Speech

Question 48

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A) Sticking the tongue out
B) Moving the tongue side to side
C) Changing the tongue shape during swallowing
D) Retracting the tongue

Question 49

Lipid-soluble drugs placed under the tongue

A) are more easily swallowed.
B) can be detected by taste buds.
C) are quickly dissolved and absorbed.
D) are then easy to chew.
E) are not readily absorbed.

Question 50

Which of the following would inhibit normal movements of the tongue?

A) Swollen lips
B) Lingual frenulum extending to tip of tongue
C) Decrease in number of taste buds
D) Loss of all teeth
E) Swollen tonsils

Question 51

What muscle forms the cheek?

A) Buccinator
B) Orbicularis oculi
C) Orbicularis oris
D) Zygomaticus

Question 52

The tongue

A) secretes saliva.
B) plays a major role in swallowing.
C) contains a lot of connective and lymphatic tissues.
D) is attached to the hard palate.
E) functions in deglutition apnea.

Question 53

What muscle forms the lips?

A) Buccinator muscle
B) Orbicularis oculi muscle
C) Orbicularis oris muscle
D) Labial frenulum muscle

Question 54

A swollen uvula might interfere with which of the following?

A) Mastication
B) Deglutition and breathing
C) Chemical digestion
D) Olfaction

Question 55

The digestive functions performed by saliva and salivary amylase respectively are ________.

A) flushing and protein digestion
B) swallowing and lipid digestion
C) peristalsis and polysaccharide digestion
D) moistening and starch digestion
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 56

The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the ________ glands.

A) parotid
B) submandibular
C) buccal
D) labial
E) sublingual

Question 57

Teeth in adults

A) are replaced by osteoblast activity if they are extracted.
B) are distributed so that there is one canine tooth in each half jaw.
C) are all of the same type-molars.
D) are composed of living cells called enamel cells.
E) do not play a role in speech.

Question 58

Which of the following is associated with the tongue?

A) Uvula
B) Constrictor muscles
C) Papillae and taste buds
D) Periodontal ligament
E) Fauces

Question 59

Inflammation of the gums is called ________.

A) dental caries
B) pyorrhea
C) halitosis
D) gingivitis

Question 60

The salivary glands that open into the oral cavity beside the frenulum of the tongue are the ________ glands.

A) parotid
B) sublingual
C) submandibular
D) labial
E) lacrimal

Question 61

Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function?

A) Mucous cells - produce intrinsic factor
B) Parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid
C) Chief cells - produce mucus
D) Endocrine cells - produce enzymes
E) Chief cells - produce hormones

Question 62

Which of the following is the correct order for the phases of deglutition?

A) Pharyngeal, voluntary, esophageal
B) Esophageal, pharyngeal, voluntary
C) Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal
D) Voluntary, esophageal, pharyngeal

Question 63

Which part of the pharynx is NOT involved with food transport?

A) Nasopharynx
B) Oropharynx
C) Laryngopharynx

Question 64

How much saliva is generally produced each day?

A) ½ - 1 L
B) 1 - 1½ L
C) 2 - 3 L
D) 4 - 5 L

Question 65

Which structure moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?

A) Larynx
B) Laryngopharynx
C) Esophagus
D) Epiglottis

Question 66

Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of

A) relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.
B) contraction of the pyloric sphincter.
C) spasms of the submucosal layer of the stomach wall.
D) increased hydrochloric acid production by the parietal cells.
E) increased amounts of mucus produced by the stomach.

Question 67

How does the muscularis layer of the esophagus differ from the rest of the digestive tract?

A) It is all skeletal muscle.
B) The superior part is skeletal muscle.
C) The inferior part is skeletal muscle.
D) It has alternating smooth and skeletal muscle sections.

Question 68

Which of the following might happen if a person begins laughing while swallowing a liquid?

A) Laryngeal constriction forces liquid through the pharynx.
B) Relaxation of the soft palate allows liquid to enter the nasal cavity.
C) The tongue might be swallowed.
D) Nothing; swallowing will be normal.
E) Peristalsis will not begin.

Question 69

Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?

A) Body - portion closest to the esophagus
B) Pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach
C) Fundus - opening from the stomach into the duodenum
D) Cardiac region - the largest portion of the stomach
E) Pyloric opening - opening from the esophagus

Question 70

The epiglottis covers the opening into the larynx during the ________ phase of swallowing.

A) voluntary
B) pharyngeal
C) esophageal
D) gastric
E) oral

Question 71

Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the ________.

A) epiglottis
B) palatine tonsils
C) tongue
D) soft palate
E) hard palate

Question 72

What moves the bolus during the esophageal phase of deglutition?

A) Pharyngeal constriction
B) Peristalsis
C) The tongue
D) Segmentation

Question 73

Inability of the pyloric sphincter to open would prevent

A) food from entering the stomach.
B) stomach acid from being released.
C) digestive enzymes from being released.
D) food from entering the small intestine.
E) the making of chyme.

Question 74

Why does the superior part of the esophagus contain skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle?

A) The first phase of swallowing is under involuntary control.
B) The second phase of swallowing is under voluntary control.
C) The first phase of swallowing is under voluntary control.
D) The second phase of swallowing is under involuntary control.

Question 75

What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition?

A) Epiglottis
B) Uvula
C) Tongue
D) Upper esophageal sphincter

Question 76

Which of the following statements regarding swallowing is true?

A) The voluntary phase begins in the pharynx.
B) In the pharyngeal phase, food is moved through the pharynx.
C) The uvula rises during the esophageal phase.
D) Peristalsis occurs in all phases of swallowing.
E) Breathing occurs during swallowing.

Question 77

Inflammation of the stomach mucosa in the area superior to the pyloric sphincter is most appropriately referred to as ________.

A) esophagitis
B) a duodenal ulcer
C) a hiatal hernia
D) gastric ulcer
E) indigestion

Question 78

Mastication

A) increases the surface area of food particles.
B) decreases the efficiency of digestion.
C) occurs in both the mouth and stomach.
D) is never under voluntary control.
E) decreases the surface area of food particles.

Question 79

The portion of the digestive tract that receives food directly from the oral cavity is the ________.

A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) laryngopharynx
D) esophagus
E) larynx

Question 80

The esophagus

A) extends from the fauces to the stomach.
B) has cartilage in its walls to keep it from collapsing.
C) produces two enzymes that digest proteins.
D) has upper and lower sphincters to regulate movement of food.
E) has thin walls of connective tissue.